Plasma metabolites to profile pathways in noncommunicable disease multimorbidity

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

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Effects of Recreational Small-Sided Soccer Games on Bone Mineral Density in Untrained Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽

Hugo Sarmento ◽

Daniel Castillo ◽

Javier Raya-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Active Control ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Control Groups

This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of small-sided games (SSG)-based training programs on bone mineral density (BMD) in untrained adults. The data sources utilized were Cochrane, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The study eligibility criteria were: (i) untrained adults (>18 years old) of any sex, with or without a noncommunicable disease; (ii) SSG-based programs with a minimum duration of four weeks and no restrictions regarding frequency (number of sessions per week); (iii) passive or active control groups; (iv) pre-post values of BMD; (v) only randomized controlled trials; and (vi) only original and full-text studies written in English. The database search initially yielded 374 titles. From those, nine articles were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The age of included population varied from a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 71 years old. Non-significant differences between SSG and passive and active control groups on total BMD (ES = 0.14; p = 0.405 and ES = 0.28; p = 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, significant differences in favor of SSGs vs. passive and control groups were detected, evidencing an improvement of BMD in lower limbs of the adult population for both sexes (ES = 0.26; p = 0.05 and ES = 0.28; p = 0.156, respectively). As conclusions, SSGs can be used as a non-pharmacological alternative to increase the BMD in the lower limbs despite having no significant impact on total body BMD. Careful generalization should be done of the level of heterogeneity.

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Central GABAA receptor mediates taurine-induced hypothermia and possibly reduces food intake in thermo-neutral chicks and regulates plasma metabolites in heat-exposed chicks

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102905 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102905

Author(s):

Mohamed Z. Elhussiny ◽

Phuong V. Tran ◽

Cuong V. Pham ◽

Linh T.N. Nguyen ◽

Shogo Haraguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Gabaa Receptor ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Induced Hypothermia

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Metabolomic profiles of plasma and uterine luminal fluids from healthy and repeat breeder Holstein cows

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02755-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natsumi Funeshima ◽

Ryotaro Miura ◽

Taiga Katoh ◽

Hikari Yaginuma ◽

Takeshi Kitou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Interferon Tau ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Reproductive Disorder ◽

Uterine Fluid ◽

Reduced Rate ◽

Repeat Breeder

Abstract Background Repeat breeding is a critical reproductive disorder in cattle. The problem of repeat breeder cattle remains largely unmanageable due to a lack of informative biomarkers. Here, we utilized metabolomic profiling in an attempt to identify metabolites in the blood plasma and uterine luminal fluids. We collected blood and uterine fluid from repeat breeder and healthy cows on day 7 of the estrous cycle. Results Metabolomic analysis identified 17 plasma metabolites detected at concentrations that distinguished between the two groups, including decreased various bile acids among the repeat breeders. However, no metabolites that varied significantly were detected in the uterine luminal fluids between two groups. Among the plasma samples, kynurenine was identified as undergoing the most significant variation. Kynurenine is a metabolite produced from tryptophan via the actions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As IDO is key for maternal immune tolerance and induced in response to interferon tau (IFNT, ruminant maternal recognition of pregnancy factor), we examined the responsiveness to IFNT on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and repeat breeder cows. The mRNA expression of IFNT-response makers (ISG15 and MX2) were significantly increased by IFNT treatment in a dose-dependent manner in both groups. Although treatment with IFNT promoted the expression of IDO in PBMCs from both groups, it did so at a substantially reduced rate among the repeat breeder cows, suggesting that decreased levels of kynurenine may relate to the reduced IDO expression in repeat breeder cows. Conclusions These findings provide valuable information towards the identification of critical biomarkers for repeat breeding syndrome in cattle.

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Diagnostics and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases: a missing component in the global response

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-021-00676-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽

Jessica H. Zafra-Tanaka ◽

Miguel Moscoso-Porras ◽

Rangarajan Sampath ◽

Beatrice Vetter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

New Technologies ◽

Action Plan ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Monitoring Tools

AbstractA key component of any health system is the capacity to accurately diagnose individuals. One of the six building blocks of a health system as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes diagnostic tools. The WHO’s Noncommunicable Disease Global Action Plan includes addressing the lack of diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases, through multi-stakeholder collaborations to develop new technologies that are affordable, safe, effective and quality controlled, and improving laboratory and diagnostic capacity and human resources. Many challenges exist beyond price and availability for the current tools included in the Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. These include temperature stability, adaptability to various settings (e.g. at high altitude), need for training in order to perform and interpret the test, the need for maintenance and calibration, and for Blood Glucose Meters non-compatible meters and test strips. To date the issues surrounding access to diagnostic and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases have not been addressed in much detail. The aim of this Commentary is to present the current landscape and challenges with regards to guidance from the WHO on diagnostic tools using the WHO REASSURED criteria, which define a set of key characteristics for diagnostic tests and tools. These criteria have been used for communicable diseases, but so far have not been used for noncommunicable diseases. Diagnostic tools have played an important role in addressing many communicable diseases, such as HIV, TB and neglected tropical diseases. Clearly more attention with regards to diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases as a key component of the health system is needed.

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