scholarly journals Expression of brown-midrib in a spontaneous sorghum mutant is linked to a 5′-UTR deletion in lignin biosynthesis gene SbCAD2

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Li ◽  
Yinghua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Gene Expression Precedes Lignin Accumulation During Shoot Development in Lowland and Upland Switchgrass Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Saha ◽  
Fan Lin ◽  
Sandra Thibivilliers ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Chongle Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Cell Wall Digestibility ◽  
Gini Correlation ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels is influenced by biomass composition and structure. Lignin and other cell wall phenylpropanoids, such as para-coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA), reduce cell wall sugar accessibility and hamper biochemical fuel production. Toward identifying the timing and key parameters of cell wall recalcitrance across different switchgrass genotypes, this study measured cell wall composition and lignin biosynthesis gene expression in three switchgrass genotypes, A4 and AP13, representing the lowland ecotype, and VS16, representing the upland ecotype, at three developmental stages [Vegetative 3 (V3), Elongation 4 (E4), and Reproductive 3 (R3)] and three segments (S1–S3) of the E4 stage under greenhouse conditions. A decrease in cell wall digestibility and an increase in phenylpropanoids occur across development. Compared with AP13 and A4, VS16 has significantly less lignin and greater cell wall digestibility at the V3 and E4 stages; however, differences among genotypes diminish by the R3 stage. Gini correlation analysis across all genotypes revealed that lignin and pCA, but also pectin monosaccharide components, show the greatest negative correlations with digestibility. Lignin and pCA accumulation is delayed compared with expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes, while FA accumulation coincides with expression of these genes. The different cell wall component accumulation profiles and gene expression correlations may have implications for system biology approaches to identify additional gene products with cell wall component synthesis and regulation functions.

scholarly journals Alteration in Lignin Biosynthesis Restricts Growth of Fusarium spp. in Brown Midrib Sorghum

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 671-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna L. Funnell-Harris ◽  
Jeffrey F. Pedersen ◽  
Scott E. Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi Species Complex

To improve sorghum for bioenergy and forage uses, brown midrib (bmr)6 and -12 near-isogenic genotypes were developed in different sorghum backgrounds. The bmr6 and bmr12 grain had significantly reduced colonization by members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex compared with the wild type, as detected on two semiselective media. Fusarium spp. were identified using sequence analysis of a portion of the translation elongation factor (TEF) 1-α gene. The pathogens Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, G. fujikuroi members, were commonly recovered. Other frequently isolated Fusarium spp. likely colonize sorghum asymptomatically. The χ2 analyses showed that the ratios of Fusarium spp. colonizing bmr12 grain were significantly different from the wild type, indicating that bmr12 affects colonization by Fusarium spp. One F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex (FIESC) genotype, commonly isolated from wild-type and bmr6 grain, was not detected in bmr12 grain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this FIESC genotype represents a previously unreported TEF haplotype. When peduncles of wild-type and near-isogenic bmr plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum, F. verticillioides, or Alternaria alternata, the resulting mean lesion lengths were significantly reduced relative to the wild type in one or both bmr mutants. This indicates that impairing lignin biosynthesis results in reduced colonization by Fusarium spp. and A. alternata.

scholarly journals Sorghum Brown Midrib19 (Bmr19) Gene Links Lignin Biosynthesis to Folate Metabolism

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Adedayo O. Adeyanju ◽  
Scott E. Sattler ◽  
Patrick J. Rich ◽  
Luis A. Rivera-Burgos ◽  
Xiaochen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
High Homology ◽  
Tilling Population ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
Mutant Lines

Genetic analysis of brown midrib sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant lines assembled in our program has previously shown that the mutations fall into four allelic groups, bmr2, bmr6, bmr12 or bmr19. Causal genes for allelic groups bmr2, bmr6 and bmr12, have since been identified. In this report, we provide evidence for the nature of the bmr19 mutation. This was accomplished by introgressing each of the four bmr alleles into nine different genetic backgrounds. Polymorphisms from four resequenced bulks of sorghum introgression lines containing either mutation, relative to those of a resequenced bulk of the nine normal midrib recurrent parent lines, were used to locate their respective causal mutations. The analysis confirmed the previously reported causal mutations for bmr2 and bmr6 but failed in the case of bmr12-bulk due to a mixture of mutant alleles at the locus among members of that mutant bulk. In the bmr19-bulk, a common G → A mutation was found among all members in Sobic.001G535500. This gene encodes a putative folylpolyglutamate synthase with high homology to maize Bm4. The brown midrib phenotype co-segregated with this point mutation in two separate F2 populations. Furthermore, an additional variant allele at this locus obtained from a TILLING population also showed a brown midrib phenotype, confirming this locus as Bmr19.

scholarly journals Selenium Increases Fruit Quality By Reducing Ethylene Production And The Stone Cell Content In Pear (Pyrus Ussuriensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Yuan ◽  
Haidong Bu ◽  
Jiaming Zhao ◽  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Hui Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Stone Cell ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Key Genes

Abstract Background:Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for both animals and plants. Se treatment can increase fruit Se concentration and shelf life. However, the mechanism underlying Se-delayed fruit ripening is still unclear.Results:In this research, two groups of Se (A and B treatments) were used to treat ‘Nanhong’ pear fruit. The results showed that these treatments could greatly increase the Se content but decreased the titratable acid content. Treatment A significantly decreased ethylene production, and the key genes controlling ethylene production, PuACSs and PuERF2, were inhibited by Se treatment. In addition, treatment A significantly decreased the stone cell content, and one lignin biosynthesis gene, PuC4H, was downregulated by treatment A.Concusions:Se treatment increased the Se content in pear fruit. In addition, Se decreased ethylene production and the stone cell content. Moreover, the key genes for ethylene production (PuACSs and PuERF2) and lignin biosynthesis (PuC4H) were also inhibited by Se treatment.

Effect of the Brown Midrib‐3 Allele on Early Vigor and Growth Rate of Maize 1

Crop Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Miller ◽  
J. L. Geadelmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Early Vigor

scholarly journals Inosine in Biology and Disease

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Sundaramoorthy Srinivasan ◽  
Adrian Gabriel Torres ◽  
Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Purine Biosynthesis ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Codon Recognition ◽  
Wobble Position ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

The nucleoside inosine plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, gene translation, and modulation of the fate of RNAs. The editing of adenosine to inosine is a widespread post-transcriptional modification in transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). At the wobble position of tRNA anticodons, inosine profoundly modifies codon recognition, while in mRNA, inosines can modify the sequence of the translated polypeptide or modulate the stability, localization, and splicing of transcripts. Inosine is also found in non-coding and exogenous RNAs, where it plays key structural and functional roles. In addition, molecular inosine is an important secondary metabolite in purine metabolism that also acts as a molecular messenger in cell signaling pathways. Here, we review the functional roles of inosine in biology and their connections to human health.

scholarly journals MYB Transcription Factors and Its Regulation in Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis during Xylem Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Ruixue Xiao ◽  
Chong Zhang ◽  
Xiaorui Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Myb Transcription Factors ◽  
Wall Formation

The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or indirectly with cellulose, xylan and other polysaccharide molecules in the cell wall, increasing the mechanical strength and hydrophobicity of plant cells and tissues and facilitating the long-distance transportation of water in plants. MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) belong to one of the largest superfamilies of transcription factors, the members of which regulate secondary cell-wall formation by promoting/inhibiting the biosynthesis of lignin, cellulose, and xylan. Among them, MYB46 and MYB83, which comprise the second layer of the main switch of secondary cell-wall biosynthesis, coordinate upstream and downstream secondary wall synthesis-related transcription factors. In addition, MYB transcription factors other than MYB46/83, as well as noncoding RNAs, hormones, and other factors, interact with one another to regulate the biosynthesis of the secondary wall. Here, we discuss the biosynthesis of secondary wall, classification and functions of MYB transcription factors and their regulation of lignin polymerization and secondary cell-wall formation during wood formation.

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