Node of Ranvier as an Array of Bio-Nanoantennas for Infrared Communication in Nerve Tissue

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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Immunocytochemical methodology for the localization of neuronal antigens at the ultrastructural level

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161941 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 876-877

Author(s):

Jorge Pecci Saavedra ◽

Mark Connaughton ◽

Juan José López ◽

Alicia Brusco

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Substantia Nigra ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Point Of View ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Tissue Fixation ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Interpeduncular Nucleus ◽

Technical Point

The use of antibodies as labels for the localization of specific molecules in the nervous systan has been extensively applied in recent years. Both monoand polyclonal antibodies or antisera have been employed. The knowledge of the organization of neuronal connectivities, gliovascular relationships, glioneuronal relationships and other features of nerve tissue has greatly increased.A number of areas of the nervous systan have been analyzed in our laboratory, including the nuclei of the raphe system, the reticular formation, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, spinal cord, pineal gland and others.From a technical point of view, a number of variables needed to be taken into account in order to obtain reliable and reproducible results. The design of the optimal conditions of tissue fixation, embedding, sectioning, dilution of antibodies, and adaptation of Sternberger PAP technique were sane of the parameters taken into account to optimize the results. It is critical that each step of the technique be defined for each particular case.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Paranodal interactions regulate expression of sodium channel subtypes and provide a diffusion barrier for the node of Ranvier.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1015534.197407 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Elior Peles

Keyword(s):

Sodium Channel ◽

Diffusion Barrier ◽

Node Of Ranvier

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Tailoring Nano-Porous Surface of Aligned Electrospun Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Fibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3536

Author(s):

Hongyun Xuan ◽

Biyun Li ◽

Feng Xiong ◽

Shuyuan Wu ◽

Zhuojun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Cellular Responses ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Porous Surface ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Nerve Tissue Engineering

Despite the existence of many attempts at nerve tissue engineering, there is no ideal strategy to date for effectively treating defective peripheral nerve tissue. In the present study, well-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers with varied nano-porous surface structures were designed within different ambient humidity levels using the stable jet electrospinning (SJES) technique. Nanofibers have the capacity to inhibit bacterial adhesion, especially with respect to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was noteworthy to find that the large nano-porous fibers were less detrimentally affected by S. aureus than smaller fibers. Large nano-pores furthermore proved more conducive to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), while small nano-pores were more beneficial to NSC migration. Thus, this study concluded that well-aligned fibers with varied nano-porous surface structures could reduce bacterial colonization and enhance cellular responses, which could be used as promising material in tissue engineering, especially for neuro-regeneration.

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C-terminal domain small phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1) regulates growth factor expression and axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve tissue

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92822-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noreen M. Gervasi ◽

Alexander Dimtchev ◽

Desraj M. Clark ◽

Marvin Dingle ◽

Alexander V. Pisarchik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Axon Growth ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽

Drg Neurons ◽

Peripheral Neurons ◽

Terminal Domain ◽

Factor Expression

AbstractPeripheral Nerve Injury (PNI) represents a major clinical and economic burden. Despite the ability of peripheral neurons to regenerate their axons after an injury, patients are often left with motor and/or sensory disability and may develop chronic pain. Successful regeneration and target organ reinnervation require comprehensive transcriptional changes in both injured neurons and support cells located at the site of injury. The expression of most of the genes required for axon growth and guidance and for synapsis formation is repressed by a single master transcriptional regulator, the Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST). Sustained increase of REST levels after injury inhibits axon regeneration and leads to chronic pain. As targeting of transcription factors is challenging, we tested whether modulation of REST activity could be achieved through knockdown of carboxy-terminal domain small phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1), the enzyme that stabilizes REST by preventing its targeting to the proteasome. To test whether knockdown of CTDSP1 promotes neurotrophic factor expression in both support cells located at the site of injury and in peripheral neurons, we transfected mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), a type of support cells that are present at high concentrations at the site of injury, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with REST or CTDSP1 specific siRNA. We quantified neurotrophic factor expression by RT-qPCR and Western blot, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release in the cell culture medium by ELISA, and we measured neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons in culture. Our results show that CTDSP1 knockdown promotes neurotrophic factor expression in both DRG neurons and the support cells MPCs, and promotes DRG neuron regeneration. Therapeutics targeting CTDSP1 activity may, therefore, represent a novel epigenetic strategy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration after PNI by promoting the regenerative program repressed by injury-induced increased levels of REST in both neurons and support cells.

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Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Gleb Nikolaevich Zyuz’kov ◽

Larisa Arkad`evna Miroshnichenko ◽

Elena Vladislavovna Simanina ◽

Larisa Alexandrovna Stavrova ◽

Tatyana Yur`evna Polykova

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Signaling Molecules ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Intracellular Signaling Molecules

Abstract Objectives The development of approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by alcohol abuse by targeted pharmacological regulation of intracellular signaling transduction of progenitor cells of nerve tissue is promising. We studied peculiarities of participation of NF-кB-, сАМР/РКА-, JAKs/STAT3-, ERK1/2-, p38-pathways in the regulation of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in the simulation of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro, the role of signaling molecules (NF-кB, сАМР, РКА, JAKs, STAT3, ERK1/2, p38) in realizing the growth potential of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled in vitro and in vivo was studied. To do this, the method of the pharmacological blockade with the use of selective inhibitors of individual signaling molecules was used. Results Several of fundamental differences in the role of certain intracellular signaling molecules (SM) in proliferation and specialization of NSC and NCP have been revealed. It has been shown that the effect of ethanol on progenitors is accompanied by the formation of a qualitatively new pattern of signaling pathways. Data have been obtained on the possibility of stimulation of nerve tissue regeneration in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by NF-кB and STAT3 inhibitors. It has been found that the blockage of these SM stimulates NSC and NCP in conditions of ethanol intoxication and does not have a «negative» effect on the realization of the growth potential of intact progenitors (which will appear de novo during therapy). Conclusions The results may serve as a basis for the development of fundamentally new drugs to the treatment of alcoholic encephalopathy and other diseases of the central nervous system associated with alcohol abuse.

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P75 and S100 gene expression induced by cell‐imprinted substrate and beta‐carotene to nerve tissue engineering

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.50624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (26) ◽

pp. 50624

Author(s):

Sadaf Dadashkhan ◽

Shiva Irani ◽

Shahin Bonakdar ◽

Behafarid Ghalandari

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽

S100 Gene

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Current Update of Collagen Nanomaterials—Fabrication, Characterisation and Its Applications: A Review

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

Samantha Lo ◽

Mh Busra Fauzi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stability ◽

Health Management ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Electrospinning Technique ◽

Engineering Technology ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Tissue Repair And Regeneration

Tissue engineering technology is a promising alternative approach for improvement in health management. Biomaterials play a major role, acting as a provisional bioscaffold for tissue repair and regeneration. Collagen a widely studied natural component largely present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human body. It provides mechanical stability with suitable elasticity and strength to various tissues, including skin, bone, tendon, cornea and others. Even though exogenous collagen is commonly used in bioscaffolds, largely in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, nano collagen is a relatively new material involved in nanotechnology with a plethora of unexplored potential. Nano collagen is a form of collagen reduced to a nanoparticulate size, which has its advantages over the common three-dimensional (3D) collagen design, primarily due to its nano-size contributing to a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, aiding in withstanding large loads with minimal tension. It can be produced through different approaches including the electrospinning technique to produce nano collagen fibres resembling natural ECM. Nano collagen can be applied in various medical fields involving bioscaffold insertion or fillers for wound healing improvement; skin, bone, vascular grafting, nerve tissue and articular cartilage regeneration as well as aiding in drug delivery and incorporation for cosmetic purposes.

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