scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of Candida clinical isolates of different species and infection sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josidel Conceição Oliver ◽  
Luca Laghi ◽  
Carola Parolin ◽  
Claudio Foschi ◽  
Antonella Marangoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Rapid identification and novel approaches for the characterization of these fungi are of great interest to improve the diagnosis and the knowledge about their pathogenic properties. This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of Candida spp. by proteomics (MALDI-TOF MS) and metabolomics (1H-NMR), and to correlate their metabolic profiles with Candida species, source of infection and different virulence associated parameters. In particular, 49 Candida strains from different sources (blood, n = 15; vagina, n = 18; respiratory tract, n = 16), belonging mainly to C. albicans complex (61%), C. glabrata (20%) and C. parapsilosis (12%) species were used. Several extracellular and intracellular metabolites showed significantly different concentrations among isolates recovered from different sources of infection, as well as among different Candida species. These metabolites were mainly related to the glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleic acid synthesis and amino acid and lipid metabolism. Moreover, we found specific metabolic fingerprints associated with the ability to form biofilm, the antifungal resistance (i.e. caspofungin and fluconazole) and the production of secreted aspartyl proteinase. In conclusion, 1H-NMR-based metabolomics can be useful to deepen Candida spp. virulence and pathogenicity properties.

scholarly journals Consumption of minas frescal cheese may be a source of human infection by Campylobacter jejuni

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Paz Monteiro ◽  
Roberta Torres de Melo ◽  
Eliane Pereira Mendonça ◽  
Priscila Christen Nalevaiko ◽  
Mariela Moura Carreon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and the consumption of dairy food can characterize sources of infection. We aimed to verify the viability and a presence of transcripts associated with characteristics of virulence and adaptation of C. jejuni isolated from Minas Frescal cheeses, produced with contaminated milk and stored under refrigeration for up to ten days. The samples were analyzed for bioindicators, Campylobacter spp., pH, acidity, moisture and sodium chloride. Campylobacter spp. recovered were evaluated for the production of transcripts of: ciaB, dnaJ, p19 and sodB. The results were correlated with the viability of C. jejuni and changes in their transcriptome. Storage at low temperatures reduced C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day. The variations in humidity, pH and acidity influenced the decreasing of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in transcripts' production of the four genes, more pronounced on the fourth day, indicating the inability of the microorganism to perform its metabolic activities, due to the conditions of injury. Despite the presence of mechanisms of virulence and adaptation, C. jejuni could not remain viable four days after production. However, consumption of fresh cheese contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni can be a source of infection when consumed up to four days after production.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTIC ASPECT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS EVOLUTION IN TERNOPIL REGION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Vasylieva ◽  
Yu. A. Kravchuk
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Regional Laboratory ◽  
Dark Ground ◽  
Different Sources

<p>Background. Ternopil region is endemic on leptospirosis. Its natural conditions (slightly alkaline or alkaline<br />soils, air temperature, sufficient rainfall) contribute to the existence of major natural reservoir of the pathogen –<br />mouse-like rodents. In the region, different serovariants of leptospira are exuded by rodents and farm<br />animals.<br />Objective. The materials of the Department of Highly Infectious Diseases of Ternopil Regional Laboratory<br />Centre of the State Sanitation and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine, Ternopil Regional Laboratory of Veterinary<br />Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases of TSMU were studied.<br />Leptospiras were detected by dark ground microscopy (DFM) of blood of patients, trapped rodents and examined<br />farm animals.<br />Results. The circulating of pathogens between different sources (rodents, animals) and annual �����������disease incidence<br />evidences that new leptospira serovar are carried onto endemic area mostly by farm animals; humans<br />are infected from them through the environment sometimes in 3-5 years intervals; the further diffusion to the<br />new areas of this pathogen serovars in all kinds of the examined mouse-like rodents is noticed.<br />It is established that farm animals and rodents are competing reservoirs. To predict the future epidemiological<br />situation of leptospirosis among the humans and to improve its diagnosis the constant monitoring of the<br />population, infection and leptospira carriage among mouse-like rodent and farm animals and expanding of the<br />panel of diagnostic leptospira strains including new pathogen variants in animals is necessary.<br />Conclusions. The development of additional reservoirs in animals, with circulating of other pathogen<br />serovars among them, such as mouse-like rodents, which were previously absent in the main natural reservoir,<br />cause the change of etiological structure in human leptospirosis at the endemic areas. The range of human<br />leptospirosis pathogens and its further spreading among all kinds of rodents increased during our research. The<br />results of detection of leptospirosis pathogens among the various contingents which were studied evidence that<br />the farm animals and rodents are competing reservoirs that cause human infection through environment.<br />KEY WORDS: leptospirosis, disease incidence, source of infection, rodents, farm animals.</p>

Reasons for the Absence of a History of Recurrent Genital Infections in Mothers of Neonates Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Anne S. Yeager ◽  
Ann M. Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Neonatal Herpes ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽  
Simplex Virus

Thirty-one cases of neonatal herpes simplex (HSV) infection were evaluated to determine how often mothers of infected infants lacked a history of recurrent genital infections and the reasons for its absence. A history of recurrent genital infections was elicited from eight (26%) of the mothers. Nine (29%) of the mothers had primary infections; three of these were oral and six were genital. The mother was not the source of infection in three (9.6%) cases. In eleven (35%) cases, the mother had antibody to HSV but did not have a history or findings of primary or recurrent infection. Two of these mothers had positive cervical or vaginal cultures, but neither had genital lesions typical of HSV in the perinatal period. Two mothers had recurrent HSV infections documented later. The source of the HSV infection remained uncertain in 23% of cases including two in which only the father had a history of recurrent genital infection. When mothers with primary infections in the perinatal period were excluded, the HSV neutralization titers of the mothers of infected infants were similar to the titers of the mothers with recurrent genital infections whose infants were not infected. In contrast, the infected infants had titers fourfold lower than their mother's titer as well as fourfold lower than the 16 infants exposed to HSV who remained uninfected. This discrepancy suggests that the mothers may have had a rise in titer late in pregnancy or that placental transport of antibody was limited. Although 26% of the mothers of infected infants had recurrent genital infections, only three (9.6%) had an easily elicitable history. Most cases of neonatal HSV infection will not be avoidable until the epidemiology of primary maternal infection and of nonmaternal sources of infection is understood and the identification of women with HSV who are never symptomatic is improved.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Sulbactam-Durlobactam against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex Isolates Collected Globally in 2016 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. McLeod ◽  
Samir H. Moussa ◽  
Meredith A. Hackel ◽  
Alita A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Sources Of Infection

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) organisms cause severe infections that are difficult to treat due to preexisting antibiotic resistance. Sulbactam-durlobactam (formerly sulbactam-ETX2514) (SUL-DUR) is a β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic designed to treat serious infections caused by ABC organisms, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The in vitro antibacterial activities of SUL-DUR and comparator agents were determined by broth microdilution against 1,722 clinical isolates of ABC organisms collected in 2016 and 2017 from 31 countries across Asia/South Pacific, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America. Over 50% of these isolates were resistant to carbapenems. Against this collection of global isolates, SUL-DUR had a MIC50/MIC90 of 1/2 μg/ml compared to a MIC50/MIC90 of 8/64 μg/ml for sulbactam alone. This level of activity was found to be consistent across organisms, regions, sources of infection, and subsets of resistance phenotypes, including MDR and extensively drug-resistant isolates. The SUL-DUR activity was superior to those of the tested comparators, with only colistin having similar potency. Whole-genome sequencing of the 39 isolates (2.3%) with a SUL-DUR MIC of >4 μg/ml revealed that these strains encoded either the metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1, which durlobactam does not inhibit, or single amino acid substitutions near the active site of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3), the primary target of sulbactam. In summary, SUL-DUR demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against recent, geographically diverse clinical isolates of ABC organisms, including MDR isolates.

(Cyclopentadienyl)dihalogenochromium-Donor Compounds. Synthesis and NMR Investigation

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Bräunlein ◽  
Frank H. Köhler ◽  
Werner Strauß ◽  
Harald Zeh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Spin Density ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Electronegative Substituent ◽  
Intramolecular Dynamic ◽  
Nmr Signals

A series of paramagnetic (S = 3/2) chromium half-sandwiches of the type CpCrX2D (D = donor) were synthesized by starting from [CpCrX2]2, Cp2Cr, CpCrCl2(THF), and Cp*Cr(CH3)2[P(CH3)3]. Besides the parent cyclopentadienyl (Cp) the alkylated derivatives CH3C5H4, (CH3)5C5 (Cp*), and C2H5(CH3)4C5 were bound to chromium. The electronegative substituent was X = F, Cl, Br, I, and triflate, while the donors were three ethers, four ketones, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, methylisocyanide, pyridine, and seven molecules ER3 where E = N, P, As, Sb. The half-sandwiches were partly isolated and partly established in solution. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra showed strongly shifted signals which allowed to quantitatively investigate the equilibrium between CpCrX2D and the anti ferromagnetic species [CpCrX2]2. The NMR signals of CpCrX2D and its substituted derivatives appeared in characteristic ranges thus providing a means of rapid identification. Considerable spin density was found to be induced on the ligands; it is negative in the Cp π system. As for the donors, inter- and intramolecular dynamic behavior as well as selective spin transfer to the γ protons of acetonitrile, methylisocyanide, and ketones was detected.

scholarly journals GenoType NTM-DR Performance Evaluation for Identification of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus and Determination of Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Jae Huh ◽  
Su-Young Kim ◽  
Hyang Jin Shim ◽  
Dae Hun Kim ◽  
In Young Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clarithromycin Resistance ◽  
Reference Strains

ABSTRACT We evaluated the GenoType NTM-DR (NTM-DR) line probe assay for identifying Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species and Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies and for determining clarithromycin and amikacin resistance. Thirty-eight reference strains and 145 clinical isolates (58 MAC and 87 M. abscessus isolates), including 54 clarithromycin- and/or amikacin-resistant strains, were involved. The performance of the NTM-DR assay in rapid identification was evaluated by comparison with results of multigene sequence-based typing, whereas performance in rapid detection of clarithromycin and amikacin resistance was evaluated by comparison with sequencing of the erm(41), rrl, and rrs genes and drug susceptibility testing (DST). The accuracies of MAC and M. abscessus (sub)species identification were 92.1% (35/38) and 100% (145/145) for the 38 reference strains and 145 clinical isolates, respectively. Three MAC strains other than M. intracellulare were found to cross-react with the M. intracellulare probe in the assay. Regarding clarithromycin resistance, NTM-DR detected rrl mutations in 52 isolates and yielded 99.3% (144/145) and 98.6% (143/145) concordant results with sequencing and DST, respectively. NTM-DR sensitivity and specificity in the detection of clarithromycin resistance were 96.3% (52/54) and 100% (91/91), respectively. The NTM-DR yielded accurate erm(41) genotype results for all 87 M. abscessus isolates. Regarding amikacin resistance, NTM-DR detected rrs mutations in five isolates and yielded 99.3% (144/145) and 97.9% (142/145) concordant results with sequencing and DST, respectively. Our results indicate that the NTM-DR assay is a straightforward and accurate approach for discriminating MAC and M. abscessus (sub)species and for detecting clarithromycin and amikacin resistance mutations and that it is a useful tool in the clinical setting.

Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus Species of Human and Bovine Origin1

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE E. LANGLOIS ◽  
ABDUL KARIM PARLINDUNGAN ◽  
ROBERT J. HARMON ◽  
KATHERINE AKERS
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
The 1960S

Thirty-three biochemical characteristics were compared for 855 staphylococci isolated from human (93) and bovine sources (762). Differences in the predominant Staphylococcus species present and biochemical characteristics of species were observed for isolates from bovine milk and human clinical sources as well as between milk isolates obtained during the 1960s and 1980s from the same herd. All isolates were bacitracin-resistant and 98% were lysostaphin-sensitive. Approximately 31% of S. hyicus strains were coagulase-positive. Thermonuclease activity was observed for strains other than S. aureus. Milk strains were more salt tolerant than human strains. Carbohydrates tended to be utilized by a greater percentage of milk strains than human strains within a given species. Many milk isolates failed to utilize glycerol in the presence of 0.4 μg erythromycin/mL. The results of this study indicate that the source of isolates may influence the predominant species present and species biochemical characteristics. These differences in species characteristics may affect results obtained for identification of nonhuman isolates with rapid identification systems where the data bases are generally based on human clinical isolates.

Culture of Helicobacter pylori from domestic water samples – the impact of strain variation on growth on solid and in liquid media

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Owen ◽  
S.A. Chisholm ◽  
G. Brick ◽  
J.V. Lee ◽  
S. Surman-Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Impact

Helicobacter pylori is an important global human pathogen and there is growing evidence from PCR assays that contaminated drinking water might be a possible source of infection in some circumstances. There are no validated protocols for direct isolation but various culture media have been developed for possible environmental sampling. Our aim here was to investigate how inter-strain variation might affect the interpretation of results with such media. Two laboratory adapted reference strains and four recent clinical isolates were tested on four solid media and in ten liquid media. Considerable variation was found between strains in their ability to recover on the different media after stress exposure (suspension in sterile tap water). Generally, clinical isolates were less robust than the laboratory-adapted strains and, overall, the former required longer recovery times. Our findings highlighted the importance of using a range of isolates for evaluations, as examination of laboratory-adapted strains alone did not provide an accurate representation of the utility of media that may be used to recover H. pylori from water.

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