scholarly journals Education in early life markedly reduces the probability of cognitive impairment in later life in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary O’Donovan ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Olga L. Sarmiento ◽  
Philipp Hessel
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
State Examination

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate associations between education in early life and cognitive impairment in later life in Colombia. Participants were community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older from the National Study of Health, Wellbeing and Ageing. Trained interviewers administered a shorter version of the mini-mental state examination. Cognitive impairment was defined as the lowest tertile in the main analysis and as a score of 12 or less out of 19 in the sensitivity analysis. Logistic regression models were adjusted for education, other early life characteristics, and later life characteristics. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 17.93% in the main analysis (n = 16,505). Compared with participants with no education, the fully adjusted odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.52, 0.63) in those with some primary education and 0.29 (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.34) in those with some secondary education or more. The population attributable fraction for education suggests that at least 10% of cases of cognitive impairment would be eliminated if all children received an education. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analysis (n = 20,174). This study suggests that education in early life markedly reduces the probability of cognitive impairment in late life in Colombia.

Association of Dietary Habits with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Elderly in Rural Area of North China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilian Duan ◽  
Changqing Sun ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yue Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Meal Timing

Background: Recent findings suggest a possible role of diet, particularly nutrient in- takes and dietary patterns, in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); few studies, how- ever, have been explicitly devoted to the relationship between dietary habits and MCI. Objectives: We aimed to explore the association between dietary habits, including meal timing, and MCI among older Chinese adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved data collected at the baseline of the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort (TENCC) study, in which 3,111 community-dwelling older adults (326 MCI patients and 2,785 non-MCIs) from a rural area of Tianjin, China, were recruited. In March 2018 to June 2019, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation that allowed for psychometric MCI classification. Information on self-reported dietary behaviors was gathered via face-to-face interviews. Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted models, eating breakfast 4 to 6 times per week (vs. ≤3 times per week, OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.75), drinking water before breakfast (yes vs. no, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.82), consuming water ≥1.5L per day (vs. <1.5L per day, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.82), and having lunch after 12:00 (vs. before 12:00, OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.75) were associat- ed with decreased risk of MCI. Participants who consumed higher amounts of cooking oil were at a higher risk of MCI (moderate vs. low, OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92; high vs. low, OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83). Conclusion : This study suggests that dietary habits, including breakfast frequency, daily water consumption, cooking oil consumption, and meal timing, may be associated with the risk of MCI. If replicated, these findings would open new possibilities of dietary interventions for MCI.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Association Between Elevated Homocysteine and Cognitive Impairment in a Post-stroke Population: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Zhou ◽  
Jiahao Chen ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Kaili Fan ◽  
Minjie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
State Examination

Background and Purpose: The results regarding the independent association between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were inconsistent. The effect of age on this association has yet to be explored. This study aims to determine the relationship between Hcy levels, age, and cognitive impairment in a post-stroke population.Methods: A total of 592 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) completed follow-up. Serum Hcy levels were measured enzymatically by spectrophotometry within 24 h of admission. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 1 month after stroke, and the scores ≤ 24 were considered as cognitive impairment. Our study was dichotomized into two groups by a cut-off of 65 years. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between baseline Hcy levels and cognitive impairment.Results: According to the MMSE score, 317 (53.5%) patients had cognitive impairment. Patients with higher levels of Hcy were more prone to have cognitive impairment 1 month after stroke than patients with lower levels of Hcy (p &lt; 0.001). The optimal cut-off points of Hcy level (μmol/L) were (T1) ≤ 8, (T2) 8–12, and (T3) ≥ 12. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate regression analysis showed that the third Hcy tertile was independently associated with cognitive impairment [odds ratio (OR) = 2.057, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.133–3.735, p = 0.018). A stronger association [T2 (OR = 2.266, 95% CI = 1.042–4.926, p = 0.039); T3 (OR =3.583, 95% CI = 1.456–8.818, p = 0.005)] was found in the younger group. However, the independent association was not confirmed in the older group.Conclusions: Elevated Hcy levels in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were independently associated with cognitive impairment in a post-stroke population. Furthermore, the association was age-dependent and more meaningful in a younger population aged below 65. So, Hcy levels in patients with stroke should be well-monitored, especially in younger patients.

Abstract WP482: Early Life Exposure to the Stroke Belt and Later Life Incident Cognitive Impairment: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia J Howard ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Jennifer J Manly ◽  
M M Glymour ◽  
Laura B Zahodne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Stroke Belt

Introduction: Incidence of cognitive impairment is higher for residents of the Stroke Belt (SB) compared to those living outside it, but the importance of timing of SB residence is unclear. Methods: Participants were aged 45+ yrs, and enrolled in 2003-2007 in REGARDS. Cognition was assessed annually, by telephone, using the Six-Item Screener (SIS) in 11,488 black or white stroke-free participants currently living in the SB, and 8,949 currently living outside of the SB. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as SIS score of < 4 at last assessment among participants with initial SIS >4. Exposures were defined as SB residence all years, some years, or no years of childhood (ages 0-18) and early adulthood (ages 19-30). Demographic adjusted logistic regression models were stratified by SB residence at enrollment, and were used to estimate the demographic-adjusted odds of incident cognitive impairment. Results: Among those currently residing in the SB, childhood residence outside the SB for some (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68 - 0.99) or all (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65 - 0.90) of the time predicted lower odds of incident cognitive impairment. Similarly, early adulthood residence outside the SB for some (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98) or all (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58 - 0.84) of the time predicted lower incident cognitive impairment. Conversely, for those currently living outside the SB, the risk of incident cognitive impairment was higher for those who had spent their entire early adulthood in the SB (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.57), with non-significant increased risk for childhood exposure or some early adulthood exposure to the SB (table). Conclusions: These findings suggest that early residence in the SB during childhood or early adulthood increases the risk of cognitive impairment regardless of place of residence in later adulthood. Further research is needed to determine the characteristics of early SB life that are linked to later adult cognitive impairment.

Early-Life Risk Factors for Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jie-Qiong Li ◽  
Xi-Peng Cao ◽  
Lan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals Gender-Specific Associations of Speech-Frequency Hearing Loss, High-Frequency Hearing Loss, and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Community Dwellers in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingru Wang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Peipei Han ◽  
Yuewen Liu ◽  
Weibo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Community Dwellers

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL), high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), and cognitive impairment (CI). Then to determine whether there are any differences in gender among older community dwellers in China. Methods This study involved 1,012 adults aged ≥ 60 years (428 male; average age, 72.61 ± 5.51 years). The participants had their hearing and cognition measured using pure tone audiometry and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. We used the audiometric definition of hearing loss (HL) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Speech-frequencies were measured as 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz; high-frequencies were measured as 4 kHz and 8 kHz. Pure tone average (PTA) was measured as hearing sensitivity. Results Our studies demonstrated a 37.6% prevalence of HL in males and a 36.0% prevalence of HL in females. Adjusted for confounding variables, the results from a multivariate analysis showed that SFHL was associated with CI in females (OR = 2.400, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.313–4.385) and males (OR = 2.189, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.599–2.944). However, HFHL was associated with CI only in females (OR = 2.943, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.505–5.754). HL was associated with poorer cognitive scores (P < 0.05). “Registration” (P < 0.05) in MMSE was associated with speech- and high-frequency hearing sensitivity. Conclusion The associations between HL and CI varied according to gender in older community-dwellers, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of HL. Moreover, hearing sensitivity was negatively associated with cognition scores; therefore, early screening for HL and CI among older community-dwelling adults is advised.

scholarly journals Probable sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: results from the FIBRA study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-383
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cabett Cipolli ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim ◽  
Deusivania Vieira Silva Falcão ◽  
Meire Cachioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Background: The link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially among older adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in two Brazilian cities. Methods: Probable sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 (2018) criteria. Thus, participants were classified as probably having sarcopenia if they had SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) ≥4 points and low grip strength. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency (VF) and clock drawing test (CDT). Results: In a sample of 529 older adults (mean age 80.8±4.9 years; mean education 4.2±3.67 years; 70.1% women), 27.3% of the participants had SARC-F≥4, 38.3% had low grip strength and 13.6% were classified as probable sarcopenia cases. After adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, education, depression, diabetes, hypertension, leisure-time physical activity and obesity), probable sarcopenia was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 2.52; 95%CI 1.42‒4.47; p=0.002) and in VF (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.17‒4.01; p=0.014). Low grip strength was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.18‒2.82; p=0.006) and in the CDT (OR 1.79; 95%CI 1.18‒2.73; p=0.006). SARC-F scores were found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.18‒3.06; p=0.008). Conclusion: The results suggested that probable sarcopenia and its components present a significant association with cognitive deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Future longitudinal studies will further explore the causal relationship.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment among Hindi mental state examination positive community-dwelling rural older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
RakeshKumar Tripathi ◽  
NishaMani Pandey ◽  
ShailendraMohan Tripathi ◽  
Bhupendra Singh ◽  
SarvadaC Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Rural Older Adults

scholarly journals Association of Leisure Activities With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults in Colombia: A SABE-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Guerrero Barragán ◽  
Diego Lucumí ◽  
Brian Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Examination

Observational and interventional studies suggest that participation in leisure activities may help protect against cognitive decline in older people. This study aimed to examine the association between participation in leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults in Colombia. Data for this study were derived from the Colombian National Survey of Aging (SABE 2015), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 23,694 older adults representing the total population (mean age, 70.8 years; 57.3% females). Cognitive impairment was classified as cognitive impairment without dementia (CIWD) and dementia, according to the revised version of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and the Lawton and Brody functional scale. Leisure activities were evaluated using six items of a questionnaire. Sex-stratified multinomial regression models were used to analyze the association of leisure activities with CIWD and dementia after adjusting for educational attainment, literacy, and other potential confounders. In adjusted models for men, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.78) and dementia (OR, 0,52; 95% CI, 0.48–0.58). For women, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66–0.78) and dementia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43–0.53). The findings suggest that greater participation in leisure activities in later life may act as a protective factor against CIWD and dementia among older adults in Colombia, independent of educational attainment and literacy.

scholarly journals The Education of Family Members and Older Adult Cognitive Health: Differences Across Racial Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 522-522
Author(s):  
Sindhu Vasireddy ◽  
Jenjira Yahirun ◽  
Mark Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Education is a strong predictor of cognitive health among older adults, and recent research indicates that apart from one’s own education, the educational resources of family members also play a crucial role in shaping cognitive health over the life course. We add to this literature by investigating whether the advantages of highly educated family members matter for both Blacks and Whites in the U.S. Specifically, we ask whether the resources of family members-parents and offspring-partially explain the racial gap in both the prevalence and incidence of cognitive health across both groups. For this, we employ logistic regression models to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment at baseline, and discrete-time event history models to assess the incidence of cognitive impairment, using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for the years ranging from 2000 to 2012. Preliminary results indicate that at the baseline, respondent’s own education is predictive of cognitive impairment among Whites, but not Blacks. Once respondent-level health conditions and behaviors are taken into consideration, parental or offspring education is not associated with the prevalence of cognitive impairment. For respondents who are not impaired at the baseline, our results from the incidence models align with the “adjacent generations” literature suggesting that both parental and offspring education has a salient positive effect on later-life cognitive health. However, we find notable differences across groups to suggest that the education of parents and offspring may play a larger role in mitigating cognitive decline among African Americans, compared to Whites.

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