scholarly journals In vitro protective effects of Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica callus extract on human keratinocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Letsiou ◽  
Artemis Bakea ◽  
Anna Holefors ◽  
Jadwiga Rembiesa
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protection Activity ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin ◽  
Human Primary Keratinocytes

Abstract Natural ingredients have been used to improve the state of health in humans. The genus Paeonia has been studied only limited yet it’s reported to have many activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. To this context, here we focused on an endemic Paeonia species in Attica. This study aims to present the development of the Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica callus extract and its pleiotropic bioactivity on human primary keratinocytes exploring its potential application as an active agent in skin-related products. This extract showed a high scavenging activity with high phenolic content and an interesting metabolic profile. At a molecular level, the study on the transcript accumulation of genes revealed that this extract exhibits in vitro skin-related protection properties by mediating mitochondrial energy, cell proliferation, immune and inflammatory response and positively regulates genes involved in epidermal and in stratum corneum function. Besides, the extract is proven not skin irritant on reconstructed human skin model. These findings indicate that the specific P. mascula subsp. hellenica extract possesses significant in vitro protection activity on human epidermis and provides new insights into its beneficial role in skin confirming that the advent of biotechnology contribution the past few decades.

Plasma exosomal miR-375-3p regulates mitochondria-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis by targeting XIAP in severe drug-induced skin reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (574) ◽  
pp. eaaw6142
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
ZhenLai Zhu ◽  
JiXin Gao ◽  
LuTing Yang ◽  
ErLe Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Primary Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Human Primary Keratinocytes

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe drug-induced cutaneous reactions characterized by keratinocyte apoptosis. Exosomes are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles in body fluids. They contain functional proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, which induce immune dysfunction and influence disease progression. However, their roles and mechanisms in SJS/TEN remain unknown. Our results demonstrate that exosomes isolated from the plasma of patients with SJS/TEN were 30 to 200 nm in diameter and expressed CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101 exosome marker proteins. miR-375-3p was markedly up-regulated in 35 patients with SJS/TEN and correlated with clinical severity. Plasma exosomes were internalized by human primary keratinocytes and promoted keratinocyte apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, miR-375-3p overexpression promoted intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) apoptosis of human primary keratinocytes via down-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a key apoptosis regulator in primary human keratinocytes. In sum, our study indicates that the circulating exosomal miR-375-3p enters keratinocytes, down-regulates XIAP, and induces keratinocyte apoptosis in patients with SJS/TEN.

scholarly journals Interferon-Lambda 1 Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Human Primary Keratinocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Primary Keratinocytes

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization in skin lesions occurs in approximately 70% of AD patients. It has been found that IFN-λ1 can inhibit the colonization of S. aureus in normal human nasal mucosa. IFN-λ1 can increase IL-28RA in infected human keratinocytes. In this study, we found that IFN-λ1 can increase mRNA expression of FLG and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and inhibit TSLP mRNA expression in infected human keratinocytes. IFN-λ1 can increase intracellular ROS level, decrease STAT1 phosphorylation, and inhibit the colonization of S. aureus in human primary keratinocytes. These effects were attenuated by knocking-down IL-28R and NADPH oxidase inhibitor, suggesting that this function was mediated by JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. These results suggest that IFN-λ1 might have an inhibitory effect on S. aureus colonization in AD lesions. Our findings might have potential value in the treatment for AD.

scholarly journals Nutrients Bioaccessibility and Anti-inflammatory Features of Fermented Bee Pollen: A Comprehensive Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Filannino ◽  
Raffaella Di Cagno ◽  
Olimpia Vincentini ◽  
Daniela Pinto ◽  
Andrea Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Keratinocyte Cell ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Positive Effect

We compared raw bee-collected pollen (Raw-BCP), spontaneously fermented BCP (Unstarted-BCP), and BCP fermented with selected microbial starters (Started-BCP) to deepen whether fermentation may favorably affect the nutrients bioaccessibility and functional features of BCP. Under in vitro gastrointestinal batches, the highest serum-availability of phenolic compounds was found in Started-BCP, highlighting the positive effect exerted by selected microbial starters. The same effect was not found in spontaneously fermented BCP. In colon adenocarcinoma cell line-2 (Caco-2) cells stressed by a pro-inflammatory stimulus, the treatment with Started-BCP halted the increase of pro-inflammatory mediator’s level. Started-BCP counteracted efficiently the deleterious effects of inflammatory stimuli on the integrity of the Caco-2 cells monolayer and its barrier function. Started-BCP successfully counteracted the H2O2-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 cells. A protective role against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation was exerted by Started-BCP in human keratinocytes. The same protective effects on Caco-2 and keratinocyte cell lines were negligible after treatments with Raw-BCP or Unstarted-BCP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4401
Author(s):  
Zsófia Szilágyi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Németh ◽  
József Bakos ◽  
Péter Pál Necz ◽  
Anna Sáfár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Rf Exposure ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Reconstructed Human Skin

The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre-exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology.

scholarly journals Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Infant Formula Improves Skin Barrier Function

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Sébastien Holvoet ◽  
Sophie Nutten ◽  
Lénaïck Dupuis ◽  
Dominique Donnicola ◽  
Tristan Bourdeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Human Primary Keratinocytes

Specific partially hydrolysed whey-based infant formulas (pHF-W) have been shown to decrease the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Historically, AD has been associated primarily with milk allergy; however, defective skin barrier function can be a primary cause of AD. We aimed to ascertain whether oral supplementation with pHF-W can improve skin barrier function. The effect of pHF-W was assessed on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and antibody productions in mice epicutaneously exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus. Human primary keratinocytes were stimulated in vitro, and the expression of genes related to skin barrier function was measured. Supplementation with pHF-W in neonatal mice led to a significant decrease in TEWL and total IgE, but not in allergen-specific antibody levels. The whey hydrolysate was sufficient to decrease both TEWL and total IgE. Aquaporin-3 gene expression, linked with skin hydration, was modulated in the skin of mice and human primary keratinocytes following protein hydrolysate exposure. Skin barrier improvement may be an additional mechanism by which pHF-W may potentially reduce the risk of AD development in infants. Further human studies are warranted to confirm the clinical efficacy of these observations.

Phototoxicity and Acute Toxicity Studies Conducted by the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory: A Brief Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Clothier
Keyword(s):  
Validation Studies ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Culture Activity ◽  
The University

FRAME and the University of Nottingham have been in association for the past 25 years. During this time, the research in the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory (FAL) at the University of Nottingham, which is partly funded by FRAME and also, more recently, by ECVAM, has involved participation in a number of international validation studies. Validation has become a pre-requisite for the regulatory acceptance of in vitro alternative test procedures, and a number of key lessons have been learned from these studies. The directors of validation studies need to ensure that standard operating procedures (SOPs) are fully complied with, and that the equipment used is certified to be of an acceptable standard. Database managers need to be able to check the original data, and to ensure adherence to procedures agreed before the study began. When the validation study is part of an integrated EU Framework Project, such as ACute-Tox, the Workpackage Leader must have the ability to understand and evaluate the data to be presented for inclusion in the study analysis, and to check that it complies with acceptance criteria. The potential to relate observed cellular biochemical changes to morphological endpoints also increases the level of understanding of the relevance and/or limitations of an assay. For example, exposure to a surfactant can induce the temporary loss of adhesion junctions between adjacent epithelial cells, resulting in the loss of barrier integrity and other effects on cell culture activity, which can potentially be restored over time. Unexpected results from the NRU phototoxicity assay with human keratinocytes instead of 3T3 cells, stimulated research into the ability of the in vitro assay, not only to identify phototoxins, but also to identify their possible mechanisms of action and mechanisms underlying the protective capacity within human primary keratinocytes in vitro. The protective effects of UV-filters can also be used to ascertain their effects on the photoactivation of drugs.

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