scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Hana Gryndlerová ◽  
Gail W. T. Wilson ◽  
Tereza Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractIn a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil P dynamics, corn P-nutrition and growth in a ridge-tilled commercial field

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P Landry ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse relationship between P uptake and PAEM. At harvest, grain P content of AMNI plants was greater than that of AMI plants. In 1998, only AMI plants had decreased yield in the absence of P fertilization. In 1999, AMNI plants produced greater grain yield than AMI plants at all P rates. AM fungi improve the exploitation of soil P by corn thereby maintaining high yields while reducing crop reliance on P inputs in RT. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, ridge-tillage, soil P dynamics, corn, P nutrition

Differential contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to plant nitrate uptake (15N) under increasing N supply to the soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Azcón ◽  
J M Ruiz-Lozano ◽  
R Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

The objective of this study was to determine how the uptake and transport of nitrate by two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is affected by its concentration in the medium and by the age of the AM symbiosis. Tracer amounts of15N nitrate were applied at two plant growth periods to mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal lettuce plants, which had been grown in soil supplied with nitrate to provide a total of 84, 168, or 252 mg N/kg. At both injection times, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe and Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe reached the highest values of nitrogen derived from the fertilizer (NdfF) at 84 mg N/kg. Glomus mosseae also reached the highest values of labeled fertilizer N utilization at 84 mg N/kg, whereas G. fasciculatum reached the highest values at 168 mg N/kg in the medium. The highest N level in the medium (252 mg N/kg) had a negative effect on % NdfF and % labeled fertilizer utilization for all mycorrhizal plants. Regarding the time of15N fertilizer application, G. fasciculatum-colonized plants had a minimum change in % NdfF and % labeled fertilizer utilization during the growth period (60 days application vs. 30 days application). In contrast, G. mosseae-colonized plants growing at 168 mg N/kg in the medium, decreased these two values in the latest application. The present results confirm that mycorrhizal symbiosis may be particularly important for nitrogen nutrition in plants growing in neutral-alkaline soils.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrate assimilation, nitrate uptake,15N-labeled fertilizer.

Stable colonization of native plants and early invaders by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after exposure to recent invaders from the Asteraceae family

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Zuzana Líblová ◽  
Tereza Michalová ◽  
Petr Heneberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Erigeron Annuus ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are globally distributed symbionts of plant roots. Relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizae can provide crucial support for the establishment of any plant in an unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that invasions of neophytes are associated with changes in the colonization of native plants and early invaders (archeophytes) by AMF. We examined changes in AMF colonization in yarrow Achillea millefolium, wild carrot Daucus carota (native plants), tansy Tanacetum vulgare and false oat-grass Arrhenatherum elatius (archeophytes) in response to the invasion of four neophytes from the Asteraceae family, namely great globe-thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus, New York aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii agg., annual fleabane Erigeron annuus, and Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis. We found that the AMF colonization of the Asteraceae neophytes was high in the studied monodominant invasions, and the AMF colonization of the neophytes was higher than or equal to that of the studied native plants and archeophytes. Changes in plant dominance did not serve as predictors of the extent of AMF colonization of the native plants and archeophytes despite the invaded plots being associated with strong changes in the availability of primary and secondary mineral nutrients. The absence of a response of AMF colonization of native and archeophyte plant species to the invasion of neophytes suggests that AMF are passengers, rather than drivers, in the course of Asteraceae invasions in central European environments.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1154
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Growth Promoting

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are biotrophic symbionts forming close relationships with an estimated 80% of terrestrial plants suitable as their host. Via an established AM fungal–host relationship, soil-bound nutrients are made available to the host plant through root cortical arbuscules as the site of exchange. At these sites, photosynthetic carbohydrates are provided to the AM fungus—carbohydrates that cannot be produced by the fungus. AM fungal–host symbiosis is very sensitive to soil disturbance, for example, agricultural tillage practices can damage and reduce AM fungal abilities to interact with a host and provide plant growth-promoting properties.

scholarly journals The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Eri Sulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Planting Time

This study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii  inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand  repeated 10 times in the greenhouse  experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and  the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15%  and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization  (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and  the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city)  were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.  

Clethra barbinervis, a member of the order Ericales, forms arbuscular mycorrhizae

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kubota ◽  
T P McGonigle ◽  
M Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clethra Barbinervis

The mycorrhizal status of Clethra barbinervis, in the family Clethraceae of the order Ericales, was investigated. Mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis roots collected from naturally occurring trees in two forests in Japan was determined monthly for 12 months. In addition, mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis seedlings grown in pots of field-collected soil was evaluated. Field-collected C. barbinervis roots were extensively colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that exhibited the Paris-type morphology. At both sites, total colonization ranged from 42–87% of root length and arbuscular colonization ranged from 6–31% of root length during the year. At one site, hyphal-coil colonization was between 37–61% year round; at the other site, it increased from between 30–56% during August-November to as high as 80% in January. Year round at both sites, vesicular colonization was 7% of root length or less. The Paris-type morphology was also seen in pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings. Total colonization of pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings was 34–56% of the root length over 5–20 weeks. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the mycorrhizal status of a plant in the Clethraceae and the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizae in any member of the Ericales.Key words: Paris-type, Japan, seasonal pattern, arbuscular mycorrhiza, Ericales.

scholarly journals Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Elke Gabriel ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Root Symbionts

Biomass estimation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, widespread plant root symbionts, commonly employs lipid biomarkers, predominantly the fatty acid 16:1ω5. We briefly reviewed the application of this signature fatty acid, followed by a case study comparing biochemical markers with microscopic techniques in an arable soil following a change to AM non-host plants after 27 years of continuous host crops, that is, two successive cropping seasons with wheat followed by amaranth. After switching to the non-host amaranth, spore biomass estimated by the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 decreased to almost nil, whereas microscopic spore counts decreased by about 50% only. In contrast, AM hyphal biomass assessed by the phospholipid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 was greater under amaranth than wheat. The application of PLFA 16:1ω5 as biomarker was hampered by background level derived from bacteria, and further enhanced by its incorporation from degrading spores used as microbial resource. Meanwhile, biochemical and morphological assessments showed negative correlation for spores and none for hyphal biomass. In conclusion, the NLFA 16:1ω5 appears to be a feasible indicator for AM fungi of the Glomales group in the complex field soils, whereas the use of PLFA 16:1ω5 for hyphae is unsuitable and should be restricted to controlled laboratory studies.

scholarly journals The family of ammonium transporters (AMT) inSorghum bicolor: two AMT members are induced locally, but not systemically in roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Koegel ◽  
Nassima Ait Lahmidi ◽  
Christine Arnould ◽  
Odile Chatagnier ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

Legume seed flavonoids and nitrogenous metabolites as signals and protectants in early seedling development

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Felix D. Dakora
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Seedling

Flavonoids and nitrogenous metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides and amino acids are major components of plant seeds. Conjugated forms of these compounds are soluble in water, and therefore, are easily released as chemical signals following imbibition. Once in the soil, these metabolites are first in line to serve as eco-sensing signals for suitable rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal partners required for the establishment of symbiotic mutualisms. They may also serve as defence molecules against pathogens and insect pests, as well as playing a role in the control of parasitic members of the family Scrophulariaceae, especially Striga, a major plant pest of cereal crops in Africa. Seed metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides and amino acids define seedling growth and, ultimately, crop yields. Thus, an improvement in our understanding of seed chemistry would permit manipulation of these molecules for effective control of pathogens, insect pests, Striga and destructive weeds, as well as for enhanced acquisition of N and P via symbioses with soil rhizobia and AM fungi.

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