scholarly journals Comprehensive study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence in bacteria isolated from urine samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Gharavi ◽  
Javad Zarei ◽  
Parisa Roshani-Asl ◽  
Zahra Yazdanyar ◽  
Masoud Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

AbstractNowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial classes and making the treatment difficult. In order to achieve an appropriate treatment option, identification of the prevalent species which generate ESBL as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and assess their drug susceptibility in Fardis Town, Iran. A total of 21,604 urine samples collected from patients suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) were processed in the current study. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing bacteria were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) procedure. Bacterial growth was detected in 1408 (6.52%) cases. The most common bacterial strains causing UTI were found E. coli (72.16%), followed by K. pneumoniae (10.3%) and S. agalactiae (5.7%). Overall, 398 (28.26%) were ESBL producer. The highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species. ESBL producers revealed a higher level of antibiotic resistance compared with non-ESBLs. In conclusion, ESBL production in uropathogens was relatively high. Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides were confirmed as the most effective treatment options for these bacteria.

EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE PRODUCING UROPATHOGENS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA: A CLINICO MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Vandhitha Muralidharan ◽  
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran ◽  
Balan Kandasamy ◽  
Balaji. J
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection encountered in both hospital and community setup and the presence of drug resistance carries remarkable clinical implication. Drug resistant phenotypes like ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase producers) are difcult to treat causing increased morbidity. Aims: The present study aims to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriacea among Uropathogens and to determine the Antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods :A total of 726 urine samples were obtained and processed as per standard microbiological techniques .Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. All the isolates were screened for ESBL production and conrmed by Double Disc Synergy test (DDST).Differences between the antibiotic susceptibility pattern ,Various risk factors were assessed among the ESBL producing and non ESBLproducing bacteria and the signicance was analyzed . Statistical analysis used:Chi square test.(p < 0.05 signicant) Results: A total of 726 urine samples were processed of which 421 bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were included in the study. Most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli 279 (66.27%).Highest susceptibility was observed for Imipenem 361 (85.7%) and Amikacin 356 (84.5%).Out of 461 isolates, 235 (55.8%) isolates were positive for ESBL screening all the isolates were conrmed with DDST. There was a signicant difference for Diabetes mellitus, CAUTI and Inpatients among the antibiotic susceptibility pattern between ESBL and non ESBL producers.(p<0.0001) Conclusions: Early detection of Multidrug resistance isolates like ESBLproducers in routine testing could help avoid treatment failure. Screening for ESBL production needs to be carried out regularly in every clinical diagnostic laboratory to guide clinicians in proper selection of antibiotics. Continued monitoring of the susceptibility pattern of ESBLproducing bacteria will provide valuable information regarding the local antimicrobial susceptibility pattern which in turn will guide in choosing the initial empirical therapy

scholarly journals Evaluation of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzymes prevalence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ronak Bakhtiari ◽  
Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽  
Hedroosha Molla Agamirzaei ◽  
Ailar Sabbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistance to b-lactam antibiotics by gramnegative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, is a major public health issue worldwide. The predominant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria particularly <em>E. coli </em>is via the production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes. In recent years, the prevalence of b-lactamase producing organisms is increased and identification of these isolates by using disk diffusion method and no-one else is not satisfactory. So, this investigation focused on evaluating the prevalence of ESBL enzymes by disk diffusion method and confirmatory test (Combined Disk). Five hundred clinical samples were collected and 200 <em>E. coli </em>isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. To performing initial screening of ESBLs was used from Disk diffusion method on <em>E. coli </em>isolates. A confirmation test (Combined Disk method) was performed on isolates of resistant to cephalosporin's indicators. Up to 70% isolates exhibited the Multi Drug Resistance phenotype. In Disk diffusion method, 128(64%) <em>E. coli </em>isolates which resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime while in Combined Disk, among 128 screened isolates, 115 (89.8%) isolates were detected as ESBLs producers. This survey indicate beta lactamase enzymes are playing a significant role in antibiotic resistance and correct detection of them in phenotypic test by using disk diffusion and combined Disk is essential for accurate recognition of ESBLs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Outpatients with Urinary Tract Infections in Babol, Northern of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Mana Baziboroun ◽  
Masomeh Bayani ◽  
Zahra Poormontaseri ◽  
Mehran Shokri ◽  
Tahmineh Biazar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractReceived 08 November 2017 Accepted 15 February 2018 The incidence of community-acquired UTIs due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates, has increased worldwide and is considered a great problem in the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates in urine samples of outpatients in Babol, North of Iran. A total of 3 699 urine samples from outpatients referred to Yahyanejad Hospital, Babol, Iran, were collected during 15 months, from March 2016 to June 2017. The samples were processed for bacterial culture using conventional methods, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was performed by the disc diffusion method. The prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates were assessed by Double-Disc tests. Of 3699 tested sample, 201 samples showed the growth of pathogens and among them, 106 isolates (52/7%) were E. coli. The rate of ESBL producing E. coli isolates was 25/4%.The majority (81/5%) of the isolates were from females. High percent resistance was found against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin, ranging from 61-100%, while the highest percent susceptibility was seen to meropenem, piperacillin- tazobactam (100%), followed by nitrofurantoin and amikacin (91%). The high prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from outpatients calls for the need to aware of this increasing resistance between uropathogens and update bacterial susceptibility data and to set up our empirical therapy accordingly.

scholarly journals First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

scholarly journals Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Malek ◽  
AKM Fazlul Haque ◽  
Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Retail Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in Addis Ababa City: Magnitude of Contamination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu Feleke Haile ◽  
Silvia Alonso ◽  
Nega Berhe ◽  
Tizeta Bekele Atoma ◽  
Prosper N. Boyaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen but largely under investigated in Africa. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in lettuce in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 390 retail lettuce samples were collected across the 10 subcities of Addis Ababa. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated and identified following ISO-16654:2001 standard. The isolates were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of the 390 lettuce samples examined, two (0.51%) carried E. coli O157:H7. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of strains showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) and tetracycline (50.0%). One of the two isolates was multidrug resistant to two antimicrobials tested. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of drug-resistant E. coli O157:H7 in lettuce in markets in Addis Ababa. Despite the low prevalence, its presence in a product that is eaten raw highlights potential public health risk in the area associated with this pathogen.

scholarly journals Fecal Colonization with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and AmpC-ProducingEscherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Al-Agamy ◽  
Taghrid S. El Mahdy ◽  
Atef M. Shibl
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

Background. Extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESβLs) and AmpCβ-lactamases causeβ-lactam resistance inEscherichia coli. Fecal colonization by ESβL- and/or AmpC-positiveE. coliis a source of nosocomial infections.Methods. In order to investigate inpatient fecal colonization by ESβLs and AmpC, antibiotic sensitivity tests were conducted and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the disk diffusion method andE-test, respectively. Characterization of ESβL and AmpC was performed usingE-test strips, and a set of PCRs and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize the ESβL and AmpC genes.Results. The whole collection ofE. coliisolates (n=50) was sensitive to imipenem, tigecycline, colistin, and fosfomycin, while 26% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime (MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL). ESβL was phenotypically identified in 26% (13/50) of cases, while AmpC activity was detected in two ESβL-producingE. coliisolates. All ESβL-producingE. coliwere positive for the CTX-M gene, eleven isolates carriedblaCTX-M-15, and two isolates carriedblaCTX-M-14gene. Two CTX-M-positiveE. coliisolates carriedblaCMY-2.Conclusions. The alimentary tract is a significant reservoir for ESβL- and/or AmpC-producingE. coli, which may lead to nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among asymptomatic Out-patients in a University Health Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
AM Deji-Agboola ◽  
OR Olaosebikan ◽  
E Adenipekun ◽  
OA Osinupebi ◽  
FA Olajubu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Asymptomatic carriage and spread of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community are potential risk factors for transmission of infection. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ESBL resistant genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from asymptomatic out-patients. Methods: Using a questionnaire, demographic information, medical history, previous hospitalization and antibiotics used were obtained. Stool and urine samples were collected from 350 participants, cultured, and the susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics and ESBL production were determined using the disk diffusion method. ESBL genes such as blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV were identified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction.   Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae were identified from the stool samples (256; 69.9% and 89; 24.4% respectively) and urine samples (15; 4.1% and 6; 1.6% respectively). The isolates were susceptible to imipenem  (330; 90.6%) and nitrofurantoin (307; 80.4%), most of the isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides while all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The prevalence of ESBL was 29 (8.3%) and was observed in Escherichia coli (19; 7.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11; 12.0%), including a dual carriage. The ESBL carriers were resistant to the cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. CTX-M (20; 66.7%), TEM (14; 46.7%), CTX-M and TEM genes co-existed in 9 (30.0%) while no SHV gene was detected in the isolates. Age, sex, prior hospitalization and antibiotics use did not predispose to ESBL carriage. Conclusion: Asymptomatic carriage of ESBL producing enterobacteria in the participants indicates that they can serve as a reservoir of the gene encoding for antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of STEC isolated from Ducks and its relation to ESBL production

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Aparna Banerjee ◽  
Surajit Acharyya
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

The ESBL producing genes are responsible for bacterial resistance to number of antibiotics whereas Shiga toxin producing genes are responsible for bacterial virulence. The association between ESBL producing genes and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) may pose bigger threat in the battle of antibiotic resistance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in ducks reared in organized and unorganized sectors from different agro climatic zones of West Bengal, India and to study their relationship with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Total 202 cloacal swab samples were collected from both indigenous ducks reared in backyards sector (110 samples) and Khaki Campbell Ducks reared in organized farm (92 samples). Initially the samples were screened for detection of E. coli on the basis of their cultural, morphological and biochemical properties followed by PCR confirmation for E. coli 16S rRNA. E. coli isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR to detect the presence of shiga toxin producing genes such as stx1, stx2, eaeA and ehxA. STEC isolates were screened phenotypically for production of ESBL and ACBL by double disk diffusion method and subsequently PCR detection for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaAmpC genes were performed. Serotyping of all the STEC was also done. Out of 202 samples total 109 were confirmed to be E. coli positive. Out of them total 27 (24.77 %) E. coli isolates were detected to be positive for STEC. Higher prevalence of STEC was observed in unorganized sector compared to the organized sector. Positive association (P < 0.05) was observed between STEC and ESBL production. This study indicates that the duck may play an important role in transmission of Siga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) as well as antibiotic resistance genes to human beings, other birds, animals and environment also.

scholarly journals Distrubution of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and AMPC-β Lactamase Among Bacteria Isolated From Urine Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Bishal Shrestha ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Jyoti Chhetri ◽  
Krishna Gurung ◽  
Mamita Khaling Rai
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

This study was designed to determine the distribution of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) at Sukrararj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) with special reference to ESBL, ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL in the population of different uropathogens. Urine samples from 500 patients suspected of UTI were analyzed by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs was studied by the Modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, by following the ClSI guidelines. Confirmation of the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase production was done by the phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the AmpC disk test (ADT). Overall, the prevalence of ESBL and ABL and the co-existence of the phenotype (ESBL and ABL) in urinary isolates were found to be 39.22%, 15.69% and 5.88%. The implementation of appropriate infection control measures and the formulation of an antibiotic policy must be done, to prevent the spread of these strains. Key words: MDR, ESBLs. AmpC β-lactamase

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