scholarly journals Actionable and incidental neuroradiological findings in twins with neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnea Myers ◽  
Mai-Lan Ho ◽  
Elodie Cauvet ◽  
Karl Lundin ◽  
Torkel Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Morphological Variants

AbstractWhile previous research has investigated neuroradiological findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the entire range of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has not yet been well-studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Considering the overlap among NDDs and simultaneous development of the brain and face, guided by molecular signaling, we examined the relationship of actionable and incidental (non-actionable) MRI findings and NDD diagnoses together with facial morphological variants and genetic copy number variants (CNVs). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a twin cohort 8–36 years of age (57% monozygotic, 40% dizygotic), including 372 subjects (46% with NDDs; 47% female) imaged by MRI, 280 with data for facial morphological variants, and 183 for CNVs. Fifty-one percent of participants had MRI findings. Males had a statistically significantly higher percentage of MRI findings (57.7%) compared with females (43.8%, p = 0.03). Twin zygosity was not statistically significantly correlated with incidence or severity of specific MRI findings. No statistically significant association was found between MRI findings and any NDD diagnosis or facial morphological variants; however, MRI findings were statistically significantly associated with the number of CNVs (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44, p = 0.05, adjusted OR for sex 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.50, p = 0.02). When combining the presence of MRI findings, facial morphological variants, and CNVs, statistically significant relationships were found with ASD and ADHD diagnoses (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results of this study demonstrate that the ability to identify NDDs from combined radiology, morphology, and CNV assessments may be possible. Additionally, twins do not appear to be at increased risk for neuroradiological variants.

Effect of brain lesions on voluntary cough in patients with supratentorial stroke: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Bo Lee ◽  
Seong Hoon Lim ◽  
Geun-Young Park ◽  
Sun Im
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Voluntary Cough ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Weak Peak

Abstract Background: Patients with stroke are known to manifest decreased cough force, which may increase the risk of aspiration. Specific brain lesions have been linked to impaired reflexive cough. However, only a few studies investigated whether specific stroke lesions are associated with impaired voluntary cough. The present study analyzed the effects of stroke lesion on voluntary cough using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM).Methods : In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the peak cough flow was measured in patients who complained of weak cough (n = 39) after supratentorial lesions. Brain lesions were analyzed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the onset of stroke. These lesions were analyzed using VLSM.Results : The VLSM method with non-parametric mapping revealed that lesions in the sub-gyral frontal lobe, superior longitudinal and posterior corona radiata were related to weak cough flow. Also, lesions in the inferior parietal and temporal lobes, and both superior and mid-temporal gyrus were also associated with weak peak cough flow during voluntary coughing.Conclusions : The present study identified several brain lesions underlying impaired voluntary cough. The results may be useful in predicting those at risk of poor coughing function and may facilitate the prognosis of patients at increased risk of respiratory complications after stroke.

Description of the Nature of Musculoskeletal Shoulder Injuries in a Cohort of Commercial Truck Drivers: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 216507992199036
Author(s):  
Bryan Combs ◽  
Pariya L Fazeli ◽  
David A. Brown ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Allison Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Record Review

Background: Commercial truck drivers (CTDs) are significantly affected by shoulder injuries; however, little is known about the unique mechanisms of injury (MOIs), specific injuries, or possible preventive measures among this group of workers. This study characterized the MOIs, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and factors associated with MSDs of the shoulder among a group of CTDs. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted of CTDs between 21 and 65 years of age who were seen for MSDs of the shoulder between 2007 and 2015. Results: A total of 130 CTDs were included, who were aged 21 to 65 years. Commercial truck drivers were most often injured during a fall (35%) or while using chains, tarps, or straps (31%). The two most common MSDs were unspecified sprains/strains (58%) and rotator cuff tears (24%). Age was found to be associated with all MSDs ( p = .001) and an increased risk of developing rotator cuff tears ( p =.005). Seventy-four percent of CTDs who experienced a rotator cuff tear were 46 years of age or older. Conclusion/Application to Practice: This study highlights the course of the injury in terms of diagnostics such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and referral for surgery and describes the occupational activities associated with CTDs. These findings can inform employer injury prevention programs, patient and health care provider education, and future interventional research.

scholarly journals Effect of Brain Lesions on Voluntary Cough in Patients with Supratentorial Stroke: An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Bo Lee ◽  
Seong Hoon Lim ◽  
Geun-Young Park ◽  
Sun Im
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Voluntary Cough ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Weak Peak

Patients with stroke are known to manifest a decreased cough force, which is associated with an increased risk of aspiration. Specific brain lesions have been linked to impaired reflexive coughing. However, few studies have investigated whether specific stroke lesions are associated with impaired voluntary cough. Here, we studied the effects of stroke lesions on voluntary cough using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the peak cough flow was measured in patients who complained of weak cough (n = 39) after supratentorial lesions. Brain lesions were visualized via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the onset of stroke. These lesions were studied using VLSM. The VLSM method with non-parametric mapping revealed that lesions in the sub-gyral frontal lobe and superior longitudinal and posterior corona radiata were associated with a weak cough flow. In addition, lesions in the inferior parietal and temporal lobes and both the superior and mid-temporal gyrus were associated with a weak peak cough flow during voluntary coughing. This study identified several brain lesions underlying impaired voluntary cough. The results might be useful in predicting those at risk of poor cough function and may improve the prognosis of patients at increased risk of respiratory complications after a stroke.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of Cervical Spine Derangement (CSD) among Iraqi Working Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Ghassan Abdulateef Abbas Al Shammari ◽  
Sattar Razzaq Al-Esawi ◽  
Abbas Taher ◽  
Ammar H Albujeer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Finding ◽  
Health Directorate ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Objective: To assess the cervical spine derangement among working dentists using MRI in order to establish a relationship between job parameters and cervical derangement changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the MRI unit of Al-Sader Medical city of Al Najaf health directorate from June 2015 to December 2016. The involved 43 working dentist volunteers of varying age and sex, who underwent an MRI of their cervical spine. Results: The MRI was normal in 16 (37.3%) and abnormal in 27 (62.8%) participants. The abnormality was due to cervical spine spondylitis changes. Conclusion: Intervertebral Discs (IVD) degeneration was the most frequent finding, followed by IVD herniation.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

scholarly journals Illness severity and risk of mental morbidities among patients recovering from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in the Icelandic population

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049967
Author(s):  
Karen Sól Saevarsdóttir ◽  
Hildur Ýr Hilmarsdóttir ◽  
Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Arna Hauksdóttir ◽  
Edda Bjork Thordardottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
University Education ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo test if patients recovering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of mental morbidities and to what extent such risk is exacerbated by illness severity.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingIceland.ParticipantsA total of 22 861 individuals were recruited through invitations to existing nationwide cohorts and a social media campaign from 24 April to 22 July 2020, of which 373 were patients recovering from COVID-19.Main outcome measuresSymptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; modified Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) above screening thresholds. Adjusting for multiple covariates and comorbidities, multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the association between COVID-19 severity and mental morbidities.ResultsCompared with individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19, patients recovering from COVID-19 had increased risk of depression (22.1% vs 16.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) and PTSD (19.5% vs 15.6%; aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.75) but not anxiety (13.1% vs 11.3%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64). Elevated relative risks were limited to patients recovering from COVID-19 that were 40 years or older and were particularly high among individuals with university education. Among patients recovering from COVID-19, symptoms of depression were particularly common among those in the highest, compared with the lowest tertile of influenza-like symptom burden (47.1% vs 5.8%; aRR 6.42, 95% CI 2.77 to 14.87), among patients confined to bed for 7 days or longer compared with those never confined to bed (33.3% vs 10.9%; aRR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.86) and among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 compared with those never admitted to hospital (48.1% vs 19.9%; aRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.44).ConclusionsSevere disease course is associated with increased risk of depression and PTSD among patients recovering from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging template to standardize reporting of anal fistulas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sudoł-Szopińska ◽  
G. A. Santoro ◽  
M. Kołodziejczak ◽  
A. Wiaczek ◽  
U. Grossi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Colorectal Surgeons ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractAnal fistula (AF) is a common referral to colorectal surgeons. Management remains challenging and sometimes controversial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed in initial workup for AF. However, reports often lack key information for guiding treatment strategies. It has been shown that with structured radiology reports, there is less missing information. We present a structured MRI template report including 8 key descriptors of anal fistulas, whose effectiveness and acceptability are being assessed in a cross-sectional study (NCT04541238).

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

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