Genomic characterization between strains selected for death-feigning duration for avoiding attack of a beetle

Abstract Predator avoidance is an important behavior that affects the degree of adaptation of organisms. We compared the DNA variation of one of the predator-avoidance behaviors, the recently extensively studied "death-feigning behavior," between the long strain bred for feigning death for a long time and the short strain bred for feigning death for a short time. To clarify how the difference in DNA sequences between the long and short strains corresponds to the physiological characteristics of the death-feigning duration at the transcriptome level, we performed comprehensive and comparative analyses of gene variants in Tribolium castaneum strains using DNA-re-sequence. The duration of death feigning involves many gene pathways, including caffeine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, longevity regulating pathways, and circadian rhythm. Artificial selection based on the duration of death feigning results in the preservation of variants of genes in these pathways in the long strain. When an animal wake up from a near-death experience is closely related to its success in avoiding predation. This study suggests that many metabolic pathways and related genes may be involved in the decision-making process of anti-predator animal behavior by forming a network in addition to the tyrosine metabolic system, including dopamine, revealed in previous studies.

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Genes responsible for avoiding attack of a beetle, relating to the duration of death feigning

10.1101/2021.05.13.443969 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keisuke Tanaka ◽

Ken Sasaki ◽

Kentarou Matsumura ◽

Shunsuke Yajima ◽

Takahisa Miyatake

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Predator Avoidance ◽

Metabolic System ◽

Dna Variation ◽

Death Feigning ◽

Tyrosine Metabolism ◽

Long Time ◽

Death Experience ◽

The Difference ◽

Caffeine Metabolism

Predator avoidance is an important behavior that affects the degree of adaptation of organisms. We compared the DNA variation of one of the predator-avoidance behaviors, the recently extensively studied "death-feigning behavior," between the long strain bred for feigning death for a long time and the short strain bred for feigning death for a short time. To clarify how the difference in DNA sequences between the long and short strains corresponds to the physiological characteristics of the death-feigning duration at the transcriptome level, we performed comprehensive and comparative analyses of gene variants in Tribolium castaneum strains using DNA-re-sequence. The duration of death feigning involves many gene pathways, including caffeine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, longevity regulating pathways, and circadian rhythm. Artificial selection based on the duration of death feigning results in the preservation of variants of genes in these pathways in the long strain. When an animal wake up from a near-death experience is closely related to its success in avoiding predation. This study suggests that many metabolic pathways and related genes may be involved in the decision-making process of anti-predator animal behavior by forming a network in addition to the tyrosine metabolic system, including dopamine, revealed in previous studies.

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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING THE OBLIQUE PHOTO AND DEM

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-549-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 549-552

Author(s):

H. Nonaka ◽

H. Sasaki ◽

S. Fujimaki ◽

S. Naruke ◽

H. Kishimoto

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Airborne Lidar ◽

Surveillance Camera ◽

Sediment Volume ◽

Long Time ◽

Simple Measurement ◽

The Difference ◽

Stage Estimation ◽

Short Time ◽

Airborne Lidar Data

When a disaster occurs, we must grasp and evaluate its damage as soon as possible. Then we try to estimate them from some kind of photographs, such as surveillance camera imagery, satellite imagery, photographs taken from a helicopter and so on. Especially in initial stage, estimation of decent damage situation for a short time is more important than investigation of damage situation for a long time. One of the source of damage situation is the image taken by surveillance camera, satellite sensor and helicopter. If we can measure any targets in these imagery, we can estimate a length of a lava flow, a reach of a cinder and a sediment volume in volcanic eruption or landslide. Therefore in order to measure various information for a short time, we developed a simplified measurement system which uses these photographs. This system requires DEM in addition to photographs, but it is possible to use previously acquired DEM. To measure an object, we require only two steps. One is the determination of the position and the posture in which the photograph is shot. We determine these parameters using DEM. The other step is the measurement of an object in photograph. In this paper, we describe this system and show the experimental results to evaluate this system. In this experiment we measured the top of Mt. Usu by using two measurement method of this system. Then we can measure it about one hour and the difference between the measurement results and the airborne LiDAR data are less than 10 meter.

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Evaluation of Gloves: Short Time Test vs. Long Time Tests

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181397041001152 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 692-696 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ram R. Bishu ◽

Brent Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Extended Period ◽

Test Time ◽

Evaluation Test ◽

Long Time ◽

Time Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Almost All ◽

Short Time ◽

Time Evaluation ◽

Different Levels

Almost all the evaluative tests are one time performance tests, with the difference between gloved performance and bare handed performance being attributed to gloves. However, in real industrial tasks people don gloves for an extended period of time. It is possible that the length of time has an effect on overall glove comfort. The research objective of this study came out of the aforementioned argument. What is the most appropriate test time for evaluation of gloves? Three experiments were performed to evaluate this issue. Experiment one consisted of battery of one time evaluation test, while experiment two evaluated glove comfort when they were donned for an hour, and experiment three was a repeat of experiment two for eight hours. In summary, it appears that glove effect is not consistent with time. In other words, gloves may yield different levels of discomfort with use. Also, two hours appear to be the most appropriate test time for glove evaluation

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Economics of Climate Change Adaptation

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.579 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Babatunde O. Abidoye

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Time Frame ◽

Economic Framework ◽

Long Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Adaptation Decision ◽

Definition Of ◽

Global Agreement ◽

Short Time

To view climate change adaptation from an economic perspective requires a definition of adaptation, an economic framework in which to view adaptation, and a review of the literature on specific adaptations (especially in agriculture). A focus on tools for applying adaptation to developing countries highlights the difference between mitigation and the adaptation decision-making process. Mitigation decisions take a long-term perspective because carbon dioxide lasts for a very long time in the atmosphere. Adaptation decisions typically last the lifespan of the investments, so the time frame depends on the specific adaptation investment, but it is invariably short compared to mitigation choices, which have implications for centuries. The short time frame means that adaptation decisions are not plagued by the same uncertainty that plagues mitigation choices. Finally, most adaptation decisions are local and private, whereas mitigation is a global public decision. Private adaptation will occur even without large government programs. Public adaptations that require government assistance can mainly be made by existing government agencies. Adaptation does not require a global agreement.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Higher-Order Ionospheric Delay on GPS Precise Point Positioning Time Transfer

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12132129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haiyan Yang ◽

Xuhai Yang ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

Baoqi Sun ◽

Weijin Qin

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

High Precision ◽

Precise Point Positioning ◽

Time Transfer ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Constant Bias ◽

Receiver Clock ◽

Long Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Short Time

In high-precision GPS precise point positioning (PPP) time transfer, errors caused by the effect of ionosphere delay have to be corrected. Usually the ionosphere-free combinations of the pseudo code and the carrier phase is used in GPS PPP data processing, and it effectively eliminates the effect of the first-order ionospheric delay. This study quantitatively analyzes the errors caused by higher-order ionospheric (Ion2+) delays in precise PPP time transfer. Data of two 7-day test periods, including low and moderate ionospheric conditions, from 20 stations located in middle- and low-latitude, were analyzed. The difference in clock solution with and without the Ion2+ correction, including the receiver clock solution and time-link clock solution, was deeply analyzed and discussed. The difference sequence shows a constant bias plus some variations with a diurnal variation. For the difference of the receiver clock solutions, the mean standard deviation of the variations is 3.92 ps in low-latitude, which is much larger than that of 2.59 ps in mid-latitude due to the influence of the larger ionospheric electron density on the low-latitude. The maximum constant bias reached more than 15 ps and was negative at most stations in the northern hemisphere, while it was positive at most stations located in the southern hemisphere. The difference in the time-link solutions correlates not only with time and region, but also with the length of the time-links. The largest difference in the long time-link SYDN-PTBB, BJNM-SYDN, AMC2-SYDN, etc., reaches more than 25 ps, while that of the short time-link IENG-PTBB, BRUX-PTBB, etc., is less than 3.5 ps. Therefore, the Ion2+ correction is necessary for high-precision PPP time transfer over long time-links, especially time-links made by one station located in the northern hemisphere and another located in the south hemisphere; however, it could be ignored for short time-links.

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Plane Strain Dislocations in Linear Elastic Diffusive Solids

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.3173067 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 545-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

J. W. Rudnicki

Keyword(s):

Pore Pressure ◽

Plane Strain ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Linear Elastic ◽

Time Value ◽

Long Time ◽

Fourier And Laplace Transforms ◽

The Difference ◽

Short Time ◽

Sudden Introduction

Solutions are obtained for the stress and pore pressure due to sudden introduction of plane strain dislocations in a linear elastic, fluid-infiltrated, Biot, solid. Previous solutions have required that the pore fluid pressure and its gradient be continuous. Consequently, the antisymmetry (symmetry) of the pore pressure p about y = 0 requires that this plane be permeable (p = 0) for a shear dislocation and impermeable (∂p/∂y = 0) for an opening dislocation. Here Fourier and Laplace transforms are used to obtain the stress and pore pressure due to sudden introduction of a shear dislocation on an impermeable plane and an opening dislocation on a permeable plane. The pore pressure is discontinuous on y = 0 for the shear dislocation and its gradient is discontinuous on y = 0 for the opening dislocation. The time-dependence of the traction induced on y = 0 is identical for shear and opening dislocations on an impermeable plane, but differs significantly from that for dislocations on a permeable plane. More specifically, the traction on an impermeable plane does not decay monotonically from its short-time (undrained) value as it does on a permeable plane; instead, it first increases to a peak in excess of the short-time value by about 20 percent of the difference between the short and long time values. Differences also occur in the distribution of stresses and pore pressure depending on whether the dislocations are emplaced on permeable or impermeable planes.

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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING THE OBLIQUE PHOTO AND DEM

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-549-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 549-552

Author(s):

H. Nonaka ◽

H. Sasaki ◽

S. Fujimaki ◽

S. Naruke ◽

H. Kishimoto

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Airborne Lidar ◽

Surveillance Camera ◽

Sediment Volume ◽

Long Time ◽

Simple Measurement ◽

The Difference ◽

Stage Estimation ◽

Short Time ◽

Airborne Lidar Data

When a disaster occurs, we must grasp and evaluate its damage as soon as possible. Then we try to estimate them from some kind of photographs, such as surveillance camera imagery, satellite imagery, photographs taken from a helicopter and so on. Especially in initial stage, estimation of decent damage situation for a short time is more important than investigation of damage situation for a long time. One of the source of damage situation is the image taken by surveillance camera, satellite sensor and helicopter. If we can measure any targets in these imagery, we can estimate a length of a lava flow, a reach of a cinder and a sediment volume in volcanic eruption or landslide. Therefore in order to measure various information for a short time, we developed a simplified measurement system which uses these photographs. This system requires DEM in addition to photographs, but it is possible to use previously acquired DEM. To measure an object, we require only two steps. One is the determination of the position and the posture in which the photograph is shot. We determine these parameters using DEM. The other step is the measurement of an object in photograph. In this paper, we describe this system and show the experimental results to evaluate this system. In this experiment we measured the top of Mt. Usu by using two measurement method of this system. Then we can measure it about one hour and the difference between the measurement results and the airborne LiDAR data are less than 10 meter.

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Decay of Mycobacterium bovis in whole milk submitted to pasteurization parameters

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3727 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3727

Author(s):

Leandro Ribeiro ◽

Maurício Roberto Tosti Narciso ◽

Tatiane Hoshida Felipe ◽

Karina Ramirez Starikoff ◽

Gisele Oliveira de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Maintenance Phase ◽

High Temperature Short Time ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Milk Pasteurization ◽

Long Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Short Time

Parameters for milk pasteurization were established a long time ago, considering the thermal resistance of Mycobacterium bovis, and the systematic adoption of this process has drastically reduced the incidence of human tuberculosis caused by this pathogen. However, more recently, molecular methods have allowed the identification of genetic variations in this bacterium that may lead to greater thermal resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variation leads to variation in the death pattern of this bacterium during the milk pasteurization process. Samples of UHT (ultra-high temperature)-treated whole milk were artificially contaminated with four different Mycobacterium bovis spoligotypes and were subjected to pasteurization by low-temperature long-time (LTLT) and high-temperature short-time (HTST) treatments. The M. bovis spoligotypes were quantified (Colony Forming Unit per milliliter of milk) before and during the thermal process. The decay of the pathogen was quantified by calculating the difference between the measurements at the beginning and at the end of the thermal treatment. The data demonstrated that the LTLT and HTST pasteurization processes considerably reduced the M. bovis load in the milk; however, the bacterium was not eliminated. There was no difference in the thermal resistance of the spoligotypes tested or in the efficiency of pasteurization processes (LTLT versus HTST). However, heating phase was more effective in reducing the M. bovis load than the target temperature maintenance phase.

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On elastic response of disordered triangular lattice during dynamic loading

Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ◽

10.2298/tam0803255m ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1-3) ◽

pp. 255-265

Author(s):

Sreten Mastilovic

Keyword(s):

Strain Rate ◽

Triangular Lattice ◽

Structural Disorder ◽

Elastic Response ◽

Biaxial Test ◽

Disordered Lattice ◽

Long Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Strain Rate Loading ◽

Short Time

The present investigation focuses on an observation regarding the initial elastic response of a triangular geometrically and structurally disordered lattice during medium-to-high strain rate loading. Namely: a transition from the short-time modulus of elasticity to the long-time one, which is not accompanied by the corresponding change of the stiffness tensor. It is demonstrated that the difference between the two moduli is, in the case of the homogeneous biaxial test simulations performed herein, a consequence of the geometrical and structural disorder "quenched" within the lattice. The investigation is performed on the triangular lattice with the first-neighbor central interactions under practically identical in-plane conditions over eight decades of strain rate.

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