scholarly journals Evaluation of solid tumor response to sequential treatment cycles via a new computational hybrid approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Moradi Kashkooli ◽  
M. Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Flow ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Chemotherapy Efficacy

AbstractThe development of an in silico approach that evaluates and identifies appropriate treatment protocols for individuals could help grow personalized treatment and increase cancer patient lifespans. With this motivation, the present study introduces a novel approach for sequential treatment cycles based on simultaneously examining drug delivery, tumor growth, and chemotherapy efficacy. This model incorporates the physical conditions of tumor geometry, including tumor, capillary network, and normal tissue assuming real circumstances, as well as the intravascular and interstitial fluid flow, drug concentration, chemotherapy efficacy, and tumor recurrence. Three treatment approaches—maximum tolerated dose (MTD), metronomic chemotherapy (MC), and chemo-switching (CS)—as well as different chemotherapy schedules are investigated on a real tumor geometry extracted from image. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of effective parameters of drug is carried out to evaluate the potential of using different other drugs in cancer treatment. The main findings are: (i) CS, MC, and MTD have the best performance in reducing tumor cells, respectively; (ii) multiple doses raise the efficacy of drugs that have slower clearance, higher diffusivity, and lower to medium binding affinities; (iii) the suggested approach to eradicating tumors is to reduce their cells to a predetermined rate through chemotherapy and then apply adjunct therapy.

scholarly journals HPM: A Hybrid Model for User’s Behavior Prediction Based on N-Gram Parsing and Access Logs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sonia Setia ◽  
Verma Jyoti ◽  
Neelam Duhan
Keyword(s):  
Web Mining ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Content Mining ◽  
Long Access ◽  
N Gram ◽  
The Individual

The continuous growth of the World Wide Web has led to the problem of long access delays. To reduce this delay, prefetching techniques have been used to predict the users’ browsing behavior to fetch the web pages before the user explicitly demands that web page. To make near accurate predictions for users’ search behavior is a complex task faced by researchers for many years. For this, various web mining techniques have been used. However, it is observed that either of the methods has its own set of drawbacks. In this paper, a novel approach has been proposed to make a hybrid prediction model that integrates usage mining and content mining techniques to tackle the individual challenges of both these approaches. The proposed method uses N-gram parsing along with the click count of the queries to capture more contextual information as an effort to improve the prediction of web pages. Evaluation of the proposed hybrid approach has been done by using AOL search logs, which shows a 26% increase in precision of prediction and a 10% increase in hit ratio on average as compared to other mining techniques.

scholarly journals Metronomic Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Clinical Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Simsek ◽  
Ece Esin ◽  
Suayib Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Dose Dense ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Metronomic chemotherapy, continuous and dose-dense administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with lowered doses, is being evaluated for substituting, augmenting, or appending conventional maximum tolerated dose regimens, with preclinical and clinical studies for the past few decades. To date, the principle mechanisms of its action include impeding tumoral angiogenesis and modulation of hosts’ immune system, affecting directly tumor cells, their progenitors, and neighboring stromal cells. Its better toxicity profile, lower cost, and easier use are main advantages over conventional therapies. The evidence of metronomic chemotherapy for personalized medicine is growing, starting with unfit elderly patients and also for palliative treatment. The literature reviewed in this article mainly demonstrates that metronomic chemotherapy is advantageous for selected patients and for certain types of malignancies, which make it a promising therapeutic approach for filling in the gaps. More clinical studies are needed to establish a solidified role for metronomic chemotherapy with other treatment models in modern cancer management.

Axillary pullout syndrome: A novel approach to managing a devastating complication

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110489
Author(s):  
Nathan W Kugler ◽  
Brian D Lewis ◽  
Michael Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Anastomotic Dehiscence ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Objectives Axillary pullout syndrome is a complex, potentially fatal complication following axillary-femoral bypass graft creation. The re-operative nature, in addition to ongoing hemorrhage, makes for a complicated and potentially morbid repair. Methods We present the case of a 57-year-old man with history of a previous left axillary-femoral-femoral bypass who presented with acute limb-threatening ischemia as a result of bypass thrombosis managed with a right axillary-femoral bypass for limb salvage. His postoperative course was complicated by an axillary anastomotic dehiscence while recovering in inpatient rehabilitation resulting in acute, life-threatening hemorrhage. He was managed utilizing a novel hybrid approach in which a retrograde stent graft was initially placed across the anastomotic dehiscence for control of hemorrhage. He then underwent exploration, decompression, and interposition graft repair utilizing the newly placed stent graft to reinforce the redo axillary anastomosis. Results and Conclusion Compared with a traditional operative approach, the hybrid endovascular and open approach limited ongoing hemorrhage while providing a more stable platform for repair and graft revascularization. A hybrid approach to the management of axillary pullout syndrome provides a safe, effective means to the management of axillary anastomotic dehiscence while minimizing the morbidity of ongoing hemorrhage.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to the Syntax of Chinese Adjectival Predicates: Differences between Standard Mandarin and Sichuanese Mandarin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Haoyue Fu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Crosslinguistic Variation

In Mandarin Chinese, bare adjectives can only function as predicates when they co-occur with some other elements in certain contexts, most typically the degree adverb hen ‘very’. This phenomenon cannot be found in other languages like English. To explain this crosslinguistic variation, researchers have developed different theories, among them the most developed theory regards hen ‘very’ as an overt positive morpheme. Previous studies have all focused on just one Mandarin variety, namely Standard Mandarin (STM). However, the present theory cannot apply to other Mandarin varieties like Sichuanese Mandarin which, as this paper demonstrates, does not have an overt positive morpheme. This paper provides new data from Sichuanese Mandarin and proposes that register grammar should be taken into consideration. A novel, hybrid approach to explain this crossdialectal variation is given in this paper.

scholarly journals AN EFFICIENT CHAOS-BASED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR CRYPTOGRAPHY

2012 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
RASHI VOHRA ◽  
BRAJESH PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Pseudorandom Sequence ◽  
Secure Communications ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Algorithm Operation

The utmost negative impact of advancement of technology is an exponential increase in security threats, due to which tremendous demand for effective electronic security is increasing importantly. The principles of any security mechanism are confidentiality, authentication, integrity, non-repudiation, access control and availability. Cryptography is an essential aspect for secure communications. Many chaotic cryptosystem has been developed, as a result of the interesting relationship between the two field chaos and cryptography phenomenological behavior. In this paper, an overview of cryptography, optimization algorithm and chaos theory is provided and a novel approach for encryption and decryption based on chaos and optimization algorithms is discussed. In this article, the basic idea is to encrypt and decrypt the information using the concept of genetic algorithm with the pseudorandom sequence further used as a key in genetic algorithm operation for encryption: which is generated by application of chaotic map. This attempt result in good desirable cryptographic properties as a change in key will produce undesired result in receiver side. The suggested approach complements standard, algorithmic procedures, providing security solutions with novel features.

A novel approach to the creation of a labelling lexicon for improving emotion analysis in text

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Segura Navarrete ◽  
Claudia Martinez-Araneda ◽  
Christian Vidal-Castro ◽  
Clemente Rubio-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Emotion Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Emotion Lexicon ◽  
And Gender

Purpose This paper aims to describe the process used to create an emotion lexicon enriched with the emotional intensity of words and focuses on improving the emotion analysis process in texts. Design/methodology/approach The process includes setting, preparation and labelling stages. In the first stage, a lexicon is selected. It must include a translation to the target language and labelling according to Plutchik’s eight emotions. The second stage starts with the validation of the translations. Then, it is expanded with the synonyms of the emotion synsets of each word. In the labelling stage, the similarity of words is calculated and displayed using WordNet similarity. Findings The authors’ approach shows better performance to identification of the predominant emotion for the selected corpus. The most relevant is the improvement obtained in the results of the emotion analysis in a hybrid approach compared to the results obtained in a purist approach. Research limitations/implications The proposed lexicon can still be enriched by incorporating elements such as emojis, idioms and colloquial expressions. Practical implications This work is part of a research project that aids in solving problems in a digital society, such as detecting cyberbullying, abusive language and gender violence in texts or exercising parental control. Detection of depressive states in young people and children is added. Originality/value This semi-automatic process can be applied to any language to generate an emotion lexicon. This resource will be available in a software tool that implements a crowdsourcing strategy allowing the intensity to be re-labelled and new words to be automatically incorporated into the lexicon.

scholarly journals Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Orally Available Pemetrexed for Metronomic Chemotherapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharjan ◽  
Pangeni ◽  
Jha ◽  
Choi ◽  
Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitor ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Angiogenic Effect

Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is defined as the frequent administration of low-dose chemotherapeutics, without long drug-free periods, with the exertion of antitumor activity exclusively through anti-angiogenic mechanisms. In this study, we have developed an orally available formulation of pemetrexed (PMX) for MCT. PMX was first complexed ionically with Nα-deoxycholyl-l-lysyl-methylester (DCK) as the permeation enhancer. This was followed by dispersion with poloxamer 188 and Labrasol to form the solid oral formulation of PMX (PMX/DCK-OP). PMX/DCK-OP exhibited a 10.6-fold increase in permeability across a Caco-2 cell monolayer compared to PMX alone. This resulted in a 70-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of PMX/DCK-OP in mice over oral PMX alone. In the A549 xenograft model, tumor volume was reduced by 51.1% in the PMX/DCK-OP treated group compared to only 32.8% in the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)-treated group. Furthermore, PMX/DCK-OP exhibited a significant anti-angiogenic effect on the A549 xenograft mice when compared to the MTD-treated group, as indicated by microvessel density quantification for CD-31. In addition, PMX/DCK-OP enhanced the release of an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), into both the blood circulation and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, due to its oral route of administration, PMX/DCK-OP appears to be a better alternative to the conventional treatment of PMX.

Cooperative Task Assignment and Trajectory Planning of Unmanned Systems Via HFLC and PSO

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed T. Hafez ◽  
Mohamed A. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Time Discretization ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Dynamic Constraints ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Novel Approach

This paper investigates the problems of cooperative task assignment and trajectory planning for teams of cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A novel approach of hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Initially, teams of UAVs are moving in a pre-defined formation covering a specified area. When one or more targets are detected, the teams send a package of information to the ground station (GS) including the target’s degree of threat, degree of importance, and the separating distance between each team and each detected target. Based on the gathered information, the ground station assigns the teams to the targets. HFLC is implemented in the GS to solve the assignment problem ensuring that each team is assigned to a unique target. Next, each team plans its own path by formulating the path planning problem as an optimization problem. The objective in this case is to minimize the time to reach their destination considering the UAVs dynamic constraints and collision avoidance between teams. A hybrid approach of control parametrization and time discretization (CPTD) and PSO is proposed to solve this optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Metastatic feline mammary cancer: prognostic factors, outcome and comparison of different treatment modalities – a retrospective multicentre study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2096441
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Petrucci ◽  
Joaquim Henriques ◽  
Hugo Gregório ◽  
Gonçalo Vicente ◽  
Justina Prada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objectives Although feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are highly metastatic, the literature and treatment options pertaining to advanced tumours are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of metastatic FMC with or without adjuvant treatment. Methods The medical records of 73 cats with metastatic FMC (stage 4) were reviewed and included in this study. Metastatic disease was detected by distinct imaging techniques (radiography, ultrasound and CT) and confirmed by cytology and/or histopathology. Cats with adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (n = 34) were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 9) cats receiving maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy; group 2 (n = 15) cats receiving metronomic chemotherapy; and group 3 (n = 10) cats treated with toceranib phosphate. The study endpoints were time to progression (TTP) and tumour-specific survival (TSS). Treatment-related toxicity was evaluated according to the Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 1.1 (VCOG-CTCAE). Results Overall mean TTP and TSS were 23 and 44 days, respectively. Cats with clinical signs at the time of diagnosis had a lower TSS (14 days) than asymptomatic cats (120 days; P <0.001). Cats with pleural effusion had a lower TSS (16 days) than cats without ( P <0.001). Median TSS was 58, 75 and 63 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively ( P = 0.197). Toxicity was observed in 66.7%, 20% and 30% of cats in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions and relevance To the best of our knowledge, this study includes the highest number of patients with metastatic FMC assessed. Despite the overall poor prognosis, some cats survived >6 months, indicating that adjuvant treatment may be an option to consider in metastatic disease. More studies are warranted for better understanding and management of stage IV patients.

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