scholarly journals Optimized production, Pb(II) adsorption and characterization of alkali modified hydrochar from sugarcane bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ebrahim Malool ◽  
Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji ◽  
Jalal Shayegan
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

AbstractToday, sugarcane bagasse (SB) is used for bioethanol and biodiesel production, energy generation, and adsorbent synthesis. The goal of this project is to determine the optimized conditions for producing adsorbent from sugarcane bagasse using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and KOH activation. To optimize process parameters such as reaction temperature, residence time, ZnCl2/SB mixing ratios, and water/SB mixing ratios, response surface methodology was used. The results revealed that the optimum modified adsorption occurred at 180 °C, 11.5 h, a water to biomass ratio of (5:1), and a ZnCl2 to precursor ratio of (3.5:1). The physicochemical features of optimum activated hydrochar were investigated, as well as batch adsorption experiments. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were found to fit the experimental results in batch adsorption studies [$${q}_{max}=90.1$$ q max = 90.1 (mg/g)]. Thermodynamic experiments further confirmed the spontaneous and exothermic adsorption mechanism.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Activated Carbon Prepared from Locally Available Waste of Bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamirat Dula ◽  
Khalid Siraj ◽  
Shimeles Addisu Kitte
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Oxytenanthera Abyssinica ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

This study reports on the adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) waste by KOH activation heating in an electrical furnace at 1073 K for 3 hrs. Batch adsorption experiments were also carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate, adsorbent dosage, and temperature of the solution. Kinetic studies of the data showed that the adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption on the surface of BWAC was feasible, spontaneous in nature, and exothermic between temperatures of 298 and 318 K. The equilibrium data better fitted the Freundlich isotherm model for studying the adsorption behavior of Hexavalent Chromium by BWAC. IR spectrum for loaded and unloaded BWAC was obtained using FT-IR spectrophotometer. Adsorption efficiency and capacity of Hexavalent Chromium were found to be 98.28% at pH 2 and 59.23 mg/g at 300 K.

scholarly journals Preparation of Microporous Carbon from Sargassum horneri by Hydrothermal Carbonization and KOH Activation for CO2 Capture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganning Zeng ◽  
Sa Lou ◽  
Huijuan Ying ◽  
Xi Wu ◽  
Xin Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Microporous Carbon ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

High-performance microporous activated carbon (AHC) for CO2 capture was prepared from an emerging marine pollutant, Sargassum horneri, via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and KOH activation. The as-synthesized carbon material was characterized by N2 sorption-desorption measurement, TGA, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Impressively, the activated carbon exhibited high specific surface area (1221 m2/g), narrow distributed micropores (∼0.50 nm), and a relatively high nitrogen content (3.56 wt.%), which endowed this carbon material high CO2 uptake of 101.7 mg/g at 30°C and 1 bar. Moreover, the carbon material showed highly stable CO2 adsorption capacity and easy regeneration over four adsorption-desorption cycles. Two kinetic models were employed in this work and found that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) provided the best description. In addition, the high CO2 uptake is mainly attributed to the presence of abundant narrow microporous. The macroporous structure of hydrochar (HC) played an important role in the production of microporous carbon with high adsorption properties. This work provides an efficient strategy for preparing microporous activated carbon from Sargassum horneri, and AHC is a promising candidate acting as an efficient CO2 adsorbent for further industrial application.

scholarly journals Improvement of dyes removal from aqueous solution by Nanosized cobalt ferrite treated with humic acid during coprecipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa M. Ibrahim ◽  
Abdelrahman A. Badawy ◽  
Hisham A. Essawy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Cobalt Iron ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract Highly effective novel adsorbent [CoFe2O4-humic acid(HA)] was synthesized by co-precipitation technique at pH 6 (H6) and pH 8 (H8). XRD, SBET and Zeta-potential measurements were used to study the physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the chemical treatment of CoFe2O4 by HA causes the appearance of carbon as new active sites for adsorption process. Batch adsorption tests were achieved to eliminate anionic remazole-red (RR-133) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes. The obtained data showed that H6 and H8 solids calcined at 300 and 500 °C have higher adsorption rate for removing of dye than unmodified cobalt iron mixed oxide. The removal reached 100% after a period of dye contact time 2 min and 30 min for RR and MB, respectively. The uptake of RR and MB was much affected by the pH of dye solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the most fitted well and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of dye on adsorbent was chemisorption process. The as-prepared adsorbents can be regenerated and reused four times for both dyes. The efficiency of the prepared nano-samples and durability as adsorbent were accomplished. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Single-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biochar from H3PO4-Activated Lettuce Waste for Efficient Adsorption of Cd(II) in Aqueous Solution

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Quyun Chen ◽  
Tian C. Zhang ◽  
Like Ouyang ◽  
Shaojun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Developing an ideal and cheap adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solution has been urgently need. In this study, a novel, effective and low-cost method was developed to prepare the biochar from lettuce waste with H3PO4 as an acidic activation agent at a low-temperature (circa 200 °C) hydrothermal carbonization process. A batch adsorption experiment demonstrated that the biochar reaches the adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the optimal adsorption capacity of Cd(II) is 195.8 mg∙g−1 at solution pH 6.0, which is significantly improved from circa 20.5 mg∙g−1 of the original biochar without activator. The fitting results of the prepared biochar adsorption data conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) and the Sips isotherm model, and the Cd(II) adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The hypothetical adsorption mechanism is mainly composed of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation. This work offers a novel and low-temperature strategy to produce cheap and promising carbon-based adsorbents from organic vegetation wastes for removing heavy metals in aquatic environment efficiently.

Adsorption Removal of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solution by the Activated Carbon Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
Mei Na Liang ◽  
Hong Hu Zeng ◽  
Yi Nian Zhu ◽  
Ze Long Xu ◽  
Hui Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The activated carbon was prepared firstly by soaking sugarcane bagasse in 0.39% AlCl3 solution, and then by carbonization in a charcoal kiln at 400oC for 2 days and activation in a muffle furnace at 900°C for 100 minutes. The adsorption removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution by the prepared activated carbons was studied in a batch adsorption system. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent decreased from 1.13 to 0.33 mg/g and the removal percentage of phosphorus increased from 22.64 to 99.27% with increasing adsorbent dosages from 100 to 1500 mg in 50mL solution of the initial phosphorus concentration of 10mg/L. With increasing phosphorus concentrations from 1 to 30 mg/L, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed increased from 0.06 to 1.11 mg/g and the percent adsorption decreased from 91.93 to 57.34%. The dynamical data fit very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.9962) and the Langmuir model agreed well with the experimental data (R2>0.9648).

scholarly journals Hydrochar-derived adsorbent for the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velma Beri Kimbi Yaah ◽  
Mohamed Zbair ◽  
Sérgio Botelho de Oliveira ◽  
Satu Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

Abstract The characteristics and diclofenac adsorption properties of a carbon adsorbent prepared from palm kernel shells were studied. The adsorbent prepared via hydrothermal carbonization followed by an activation in nitrogen flow had a mesoporous structure with homogenous pore distribution and the specific surface area of 131 m2g−1. The Raman spectra showed a formation of graphene or graphite structures in the material during activation with small number of defects based on its ID/IG ratio of about 0.5. The FTIR analysis showed both a qualitative and quantitative decrease in the functional groups of the raw material after activation. The developed adsorbent was found to be effective in the removal of diclofenac with 95% maximum removal at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 15 gL−1 and adsorbate dose of 50 mgL−1. Diclofenac adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficient R2 > 0.98. The adsorption kinetics was explained by the second-order kinetic model with rate constant (K2) 0.869 min−1. The interaction via aromatic π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding between -OH groups of phenol and carboxylic acid groups of DCF are leading to a good adsorption efficiency despite of the low surface area of the adsorbent. Graphic abstract

Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Thiol-Functionalized MCM-48

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Na Hu ◽  
Ya Han ◽  
Jia Yan Li ◽  
Jun Yan Wu ◽  
Jian Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pluronic P123 ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Poly Propylene

Thiol-functionalized MCM-48 (SH-MCM-48) was synthesized by co-condensation method, with co-templates of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic poly (ethylene oxide)–poly (propylene oxide)–poly (ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123). The resulting material was characterized by XRD and FT-IR spectrum. The potential of SH-MCM-48 for adsorption Zn (II) from aqueous solution was examined. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the effect of experimental parameters including pH, metal ions concentration and adsorption time. The maximum adsorption capacities of Zn (II) onto SH-MCM-48 were 30.12, 34.01 and 38.02 mg g-1 at the temperature of 303, 313 and 323K, respectively. The adsorption kinetics data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and adsorption isotherms were fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters (△G0, △H0 and △S0) were measured, and indicated that the adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous process.

scholarly journals Efficient Congo Red Removal Using Porous Cellulose/Gelatin/Sepiolite Gel Beads: Assembly, Characterization, and Adsorption Mechanism

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3890
Author(s):  
Chenlu Jiao ◽  
Die Liu ◽  
Nana Wei ◽  
Jiannan Gao ◽  
Fan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Highly Porous

Porous sustainable cellulose/gelatin/sepiolite gel beads were fabricated via an efficient ‘hydrophilic assembly–floating droplet’ two-step method to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. The beads comprised microcrystalline cellulose and gelatin, forming a dual network framework, and sepiolite, which acted as a functional component to reinforce the network. The as-prepared gel beads were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, with the results indicating a highly porous structure that was also thermally stable. A batch adsorption experiment for CR was performed and evaluated as a function of pH, sepiolite addition, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration. The kinetics and isotherm data obtained were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum monolayer capacity of 279.3 mg·g−1 for CR at 303 K. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the dye uptake. Importantly, even when subjected to five regeneration cycles, the gel beads retained 87% of their original adsorption value, suggesting their suitability as an efficient and reusable material for dye wastewater treatments.

scholarly journals Microwave Enhanced Synthesis of Sulfonated Chitosan-montmorillonite for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shazwani Abdul Mubarak ◽  
N.N. Bahrudin ◽  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
B.H. Hameed ◽  
Sumiyyah Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Sulfonate Group ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Abstract In this work, sulfonated chitosan montmorillonite composite (S-CS-MT) beads were synthesized using a microwave irradiation method designed to have a better saving-time procedure. The potency of S-CS-MT as an adsorbent was assessed for the removal of cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The batch adsorption experiments indicated that MB adsorption onto S-CS-MT follows the Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum extent obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model for MB adsorption was 188.2 mg g− 1 at 303 K. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption reaction is favorable and spontaneous. These findings indicated that montmorillonite chitosan grafted with the sulfonate group has the ability and efficacy as biohybrid adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes.

scholarly journals Sorption of lead from aqueous system using cocoa pod husk biochar: kinetic and isotherm studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Kong Yong ◽  
Jesielyna Leyom ◽  
Chia Chay Tay ◽  
Suhaimi Abdul Talib
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Sorption Parameters ◽  
O 19 ◽  
Pb Concentration

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was pyrolyzed at 500°C to produce biochar (CPHB) for sorption of lead (Pb) from aqueous system. Chemical characterization for CPHB was conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Sorption parameters for CPHB (i.e., sorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and Pb concentration) were optimized. Elemental compositions for CPHB are C (66% w/w), O (19% w/w), and N (2% w/w). The ash of CPHB consists of calcium oxide (CaO) (4.6% w/w) and potassium oxide (K2O) (4.2% w/w), with negligible amount of heavy metals (1% w/w). Upon treatment with artificial Pb wastewater, FTIR spectra for CPHB revealed shifting of nasymm(COO-) and nsymm(COO-) bands from 1560 cm-1 to 1575 cm-1 and 1416 cm-1 to 1398 cm-1, respectively. The optimum sorption parameters were determined (i.e., sorbent dosage: 1.0 g/L; pH 5; input Pb concentration; 50 mg/L; and sorption time: 210 minutes). Sorption of Pb by CPHB was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2= 0.835), and Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.962). Maximum Langmuir Pb sorption capacity for CPHB (qmax) was 69.9 mg/g. These findings suggested that the sorption of Pb by CPHB may have occurred through (1) coordination with polar groups (i.e., carboxylate and phenolate) and (2) precipitation with alkaline materials (i.e., CaO and K2O).  

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