scholarly journals High prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical E. coli isolates from Bangladesh and prediction of molecular resistance determinants using WGS of an XDR isolate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Jain ◽  
Asim Kumar Bepari ◽  
Prosengit Kumer Sen ◽  
Tanzir Rafe ◽  
Rashed Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactamase Gene

AbstractMulti-drug-resistance (MDR) is a severe public health concern worldwide, and its containment is more challenging in developing countries due to poor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and irrational use of antibiotics. The current study investigated 100 clinical E. coli isolates and revealed that 98% of them were MDR. PCR analysis using 25 selected isolates showed the predominance of metallo-β-lactamase gene blaNDM (80%) and ESBL genes blaOXA (48%) and blaCTX-M-15 (32%). The AmpC gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, while 32% was tetC positive. Notably, 34% of the isolates were resistant to carbapenem. Whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate (L16) revealed the presence of the notorious sequence type 131 responsible for multi-drug-resistant infections, multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements that pose risks to environmental transmission. Our results indicate that MDR is alarmingly increasing in Bangladesh that critically limits the treatment option against infections and contributes to further aggravation to the prevailing situation of MDR worldwide. The findings of this study will be valuable in designing sustainable strategies to contain MDR in the region.

scholarly journals Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud Mabrok ◽  
Elayaraja Sivaramasamy ◽  
Fatma M. Youssef ◽  
Mona H. Atwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram of Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P.aeruginosa), and the distribution of virulence genes (oprL,exoS, phzM, and toxA) and the antibiotic-resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, and blaCTX-M). A total of 285 fish (165 Oreochromisniloticus and 120 Clariasgariepinus) were collected randomly from private fish farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected specimens were examined bacteriologically. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 90 examined fish (31.57%), and the liver was the most prominent infected organ. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was determined using a disc diffusion method, where the tested strains exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The PCR results revealed that all the examined strains harbored (oprL and toxA) virulence genes, while only 22.2% were positive for the phzM gene. On the contrary, none of the tested strains were positive for the exoS gene. Concerning the distribution of the antibiotic resistance genes, the examined strains harbored blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA genes with a total prevalence of 83.3%, 77.7%, and 75.6%, respectively. Experimentally infected fish with P.aeruginosa displayed high mortalities in direct proportion to the encoded virulence genes and showed similar signs of septicemia found in the naturally infected one. In conclusion, P.aeruginosa is a major pathogen of O.niloticus and C.gariepinus.oprL and toxA genes are the most predominant virulence genes associated with P.aeruginosa infection. The blaCTX-M,blaTEM, and tetA genes are the main antibiotic-resistance genes that induce resistance patterns to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and tetracycline, highlighting MDR P.aeruginosa strains of potential public health concern.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Multiple Antibiotic Resistant E. coli from Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O. C. Adekunle ◽  
A. J. Falade- Fatila ◽  
R. Ojedele ◽  
G. Odewale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The emerging drug resistance, especially among the Escherichia coli (E.coli) isolates from pregnant women, spread rapidly within the community. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a well-known bacterial infection posing serious health problem in pregnant women. Also, multi-drug resistance is becoming rampant, and it is of serious public health concern. Treatment of E. coli is now a challenge due to continuous increase in resistance towards commonly prescribed antibiotics, thus posing a threat to treatment. Hence, the aim of the study is to determine antibiotic resistance genes in some multiple antibiotic resistant E.coli from apparently healthy pregnant women in Osun State. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect 150 mid-stream urine samples from apparently healthy pregnant women from March, 2018 to September, 2018. A well structured questionnaire and informed consent were used for data collection. Standard loop technique was used to place 0.001 ml of urine on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) medium, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. A standard agar disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The molecular detection of the resistant genes was done using PCR techniques. The ages of women enrolled in this study ranges from 22 to 42 years (mean ± standard deviation = 31 ± 4.7 years). Escherichia coli showed high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and low resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin, and most were resistant to Meropenem. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Resistance genes in VIM 390bp, bla ctx-M 585bp and TEM 517bp were detected in some of the representative E. coli isolates profiled. This study identified the presence of Multi-drug resistance genes in E. coli associated UTI among pregnant women in Osogbo.

The Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pre and Post Treated Hospital Sewage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Akya ◽  
Jila Shavise-Zadeh ◽  
Arezoo Bozorgomid ◽  
Fatemeh Nemati Zargaran ◽  
Roya Chegenelorestani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Hospital Sewage

Abstract Background: The dissemination of resistant strains of bacteria into the environment through hospital sewage has been recognized as a public health concern. We investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolated from hospital sewage.Methods: E. coli strains were isolated from the hospital sewage system from both pre and post treatment phases in a general hospital of Kermanshah city (west of Iran). Resistance to antibiotics (clindamycin, ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and piperacillin) was determined by disc diffusion. Isolates were screened phenotypically for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production. The frequency of common antibiotic resistance genes (bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, and qnr) were detected by PCR and data was statistically analyzed.Results: Sixty E. coli strains (30 for pre treatment and 30 for post treatment sewage) were randomly selected from isolates. All ESBL-producing isolates showed resistance to three antibiotic classes and were MDR. For non-ESBL isolates, 70 and 90 percent were MDR for pre and post treatment sewage, respectively. Of isolates tested, 100% had at least one of resistance genes. The frequency of bla CTX-M-1 gene was significantly higher in isolates of post treatment sewage. The bla TEM gene was more common than other genes in ESBL-producing isolates.Conclusion: The high rate of antibiotic resistance and resistance genes in E. coli isolates of hospital sewage, especially in post treatment is alarming. These data suggest that despite the widespread use of active sludge system to treat hospital sewage, they may not capable to adequately eliminate or reduce the antibiotic resistance strains of E.coli.

scholarly journals The Pheno- and Genotypic Characterization of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Tanja Bernreiter-Hofer ◽  
Lukas Schwarz ◽  
Elke Müller ◽  
Adriana Cabal-Rosel ◽  
Maciej Korus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Escherichia (E.) coli is the main causative pathogen of neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease in swine production. There is a significant health concern due to an increasing number of human infections associated with food and/or environmental-borne pathogenic and multidrug-resistant E. coli worldwide. Monitoring the presence of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates is essential for sustainable disease management in livestock and human medicine. A total of 102 E. coli isolates of diseased pigs were characterized by antimicrobial and biocide susceptibility testing. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including mobile colistin resistance genes, were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were analyzed. Clonal relatedness was investigated by two-locus sequence typing (CH clonotyping). Phylotyping was performed by the Clermont multiplex PCR method. Virulence determinants were analyzed by customized DNA-based microarray technology developed in this study for fast and economic molecular multiplex typing. Thirty-five isolates were selected for whole-genome sequence-based analysis. Most isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Twenty-one isolates displayed an ESBL phenotype and one isolate an AmpC β-lactamase-producing phenotype. Three isolates had elevated colistin minimal inhibitory concentrations and carried the mcr-1 gene. Thirty-seven isolates displayed a multi-drug resistance phenotype. The most predominant β-lactamase gene classes were blaTEM-1 (56%) and blaCTX-M-1 (13.71%). Mutations in QRDR were observed in 14 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. CH clonotyping divided all isolates into 51 CH clonotypes. The majority of isolates belonged to phylogroup A. Sixty-four isolates could be assigned to defined pathotypes wherefrom UPEC was predominant. WGS revealed that the most predominant sequence type was ST100, followed by ST10. ST131 was detected twice in our analysis. This study highlights the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties of porcine E. coli isolates. This can be achieved by applying reliable, fast, economic and easy to perform technologies such as DNA-based microarray typing. The presence of high-risk pathogenic multi-drug resistant zoonotic clones, as well as those that are resistant to critically important antibiotics for humans, can pose a risk to public health. Improved protocols may be developed in swine farms for preventing infections, as well as the maintenance and distribution of the causative isolates.

scholarly journals Distribution of Some Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Multi-drug Resistant E. coli Isolates from the Urogenitals of Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Josephine Anem Kpalap ◽  
Easter Godwin Nwokah ◽  
Moses Nnaemeka Alo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Port Harcourt

Aim: The problem of antibiotics resistance has assumed a global emergency status. Whereas Multidrug Resistant (MDR) E. coli infection is common among human population in Port Harcourt metropolis of Nigeria, the genetic background of E. coli isolates in our locality is not well elucidated, hence this study. Study Design: This was a randomized study of women, with indications of Urogenital infections, attending Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) Port Harcourt, Nigeria between July and December, 2017. Methodology: Ninety-Seven (97) samples comprising of urine, high vaginal swabs, end ocervical swabs were collected from patients to assess for the presence of some antibiotic resistance genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli. Samples were processed following standard microbiological protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on all E. coli isolates. Following this, all Multiple Drug Resistant E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of some antibiotic resistance-encoding genes- SHV, CTX-M, TEM.  Results: Seventy-three (73) isolates, including 36 E. coli, were recovered from all the clinical specimens. Twenty-four (24) E. coli isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. Sulphydryl Variable (SHV) was the most frequent resistant gene and was detected in 15 isolates. This was followed by Cefotaximase (CTX-M) in 10 isolates and Temoniera (TEM) in 5 isolates. Some isolates haboured more than one resistance gene. About 20% of the isolates haboured SHV/CTX-M; 2.5% haboured CTX-M/TEM, while no target was detected in one isolate. Conclusion: This present study revealed that most E. coli isolates from the urogenitals of women within our locality, possess the ESBL genes which confers on them the Multidrug resistant status and this is a major challenge to maternal health.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide (NO) elicits aminoglycoside tolerance in Escherichia coli but antibiotic resistance gene carriage and NO sensitivity have not co-evolved

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia A. Ribeiro ◽  
Luke A. Rahman ◽  
Louis G. Holmes ◽  
Ayrianna M. Woody ◽  
Calum M. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Current Work ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitor

AbstractThe spread of multidrug-resistance in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens presents a major clinical challenge, and new approaches are required to combat these organisms. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known antimicrobial that is produced by the immune system in response to infection, and numerous studies have demonstrated that NO is a respiratory inhibitor with both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. However, given that loss of aerobic respiratory complexes is known to diminish antibiotic efficacy, it was hypothesised that the potent respiratory inhibitor NO would elicit similar effects. Indeed, the current work demonstrates that pre-exposure to NO-releasers elicits a > tenfold increase in IC50 for gentamicin against pathogenic E. coli (i.e. a huge decrease in lethality). It was therefore hypothesised that hyper-sensitivity to NO may have arisen in bacterial pathogens and that this trait could promote the acquisition of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms through enabling cells to persist in the presence of toxic levels of antibiotic. To test this hypothesis, genomics and microbiological approaches were used to screen a collection of E. coli clinical isolates for antibiotic susceptibility and NO tolerance, although the data did not support a correlation between increased carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and NO tolerance. However, the current work has important implications for how antibiotic susceptibility might be measured in future (i.e. ± NO) and underlines the evolutionary advantage for bacterial pathogens to maintain tolerance to toxic levels of NO.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of potentially human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from riding horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Reshadi ◽  
Fatemeh Heydari ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour ◽  
Mahboube Bagheri ◽  
Maziar Jajarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Transmission of antimicrobial resistant and virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) from animal to human has been considered as a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic background and prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance in healthy riding-horses in Iran. In this research, the genes related to six main pathotypes of E. coli were screened. Also, genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics were studied, then phylo-grouping was performed on all the isolates. Results Out of 65 analyzed isolates, 29.23 % (n = 19) were determined as STEC and 6.15 % (n = 4) as potential EPEC. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2 %) and ceftriaxone (38.5 %). blaTEM was the most detected resistance gene (98.4 %) among the isolates and 26.15 % of the E. coli isolates were determined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Three phylo-types including B1 (76.92 %), A (13.85 %) and D (3.08 %) were detected among the isolates. Conclusions Due to the close interaction of horses and humans, these findings would place emphasis on the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the equine strains and may help to design antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs to control the dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant E. coli strains in the community.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characterization of Integrons, Genetic Elements Mediating Multiple-Drug Resistance, in AvianEscherichia coli

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2925-2929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Bass ◽  
Cynthia A. Liebert ◽  
Margie D. Lee ◽  
Anne O. Summers ◽  
David G. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance among avian bacterial isolates is common and is of great concern to the poultry industry. Approximately 36% (n = 100) of avian, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from diseased poultry exhibited multiple-antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and gentamicin. Clinical avian E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of markers for class 1 integrons, the integron recombinase intI1 and the quaternary ammonium resistance gene qacEΔ1, in order to determine the contribution of integrons to the observed multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Sixty-three percent of the clinical isolates were positive for the class 1 integron markersintI1 and qacEΔ1. PCR analysis with the conserved class 1 integron primers yielded amplicons of approximately 1 kb from E. coli isolates positive for intI1 andqacEΔ1. These PCR amplicons contained the spectinomycin-streptomycin resistance gene aadA1. Further characterization of the identified integrons revealed that many were part of the transposon Tn21, a genetic element that encodes both antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal resistance to mercuric compounds. Fifty percent of the clinical isolates positive for the integron marker gene intI1 as well as for theqacEΔ1 and aadA1 cassettes also contained the mercury reductase gene merA. The correlation between the presence of the merA gene with that of the integrase and antibiotic resistance genes suggests that these integrons are located in Tn21. The presence of these elements among avianE. coli isolates of diverse genetic makeup as well as inSalmonella suggests the mobility of Tn21 among pathogens in humans as well as poultry.

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