scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among college freshmen in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Jiang ◽  
Qiumei Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Qiqi You ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Urban District ◽  
History Of

AbstractHypertension is the leading single contributor to all-cause death and disability worldwide. However, there is scarce evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension for Chinese youth. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese college freshmen and to identify the influencing factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all freshmen from 2015 to 2017 at a university in Wuhan, China by physical examination and standard-structured questionnaire. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression method was used in the multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of hypertension in youth. A total of 12,849 participants were included, and the prevalence of hypertension of Chinese college freshmen was 4.3% (7.9% in men and 1.6% in women). Men had a higher risk of hypertension than women (odds ratio [OR]: 5.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.345–6.607, P < 0.001). Obese people were more likely to develop hypertension than those with normal body mass index (OR: 10.465, 95% CI: 8.448–12.964, P < 0.001). People with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 4.987, 95% CI: 3.641–6.832, P < 0.001). Staying up late (OR: 2.957, 95% CI: 2.482–3.523, P < 0.001), physical inactivity (OR: 4.973, 95% CI: 4.141–5.972, P < 0.001), living in urban district (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.493–2.329, P < 0.001) and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (OR: 2.685, 95% CI: 2.108–3.421, P < 0.001) were related to higher prevalence of hypertension in youth. Male, obesity, elevated RHR, physical inactivity and family history of CVDs were identified as important risk factors of hypertension in youth. These risk factors should be given more attention when designing and implementing the interventional programs.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus type 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Zivanovic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽  
Jelena Milasin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several genes and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of risk factors for developing diabetes type 2 among diabetic individuals and to compare the presence of risk factors among diabetic individuals with and without positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Material and methods This study was conducted in Cuprija during the period from February to June 2002. The case group included 137 individuals having diagnosis type 2 diabetes. The control group included 129 subjects having the following diagnoses: hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. All participants were interviewed at the Medical Center Cuprija using structural questionnaire. The data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, exposure to various chemical and physical agents, stress, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and family history of diabetes. In the statistical analysis chi square test was used. Results The diabetic individuals were statistically significantly older (40 and more years old) (p=0,000), and they came from rural areas more frequently (p=0,006) than the individuals without diabetes. Significantly more diabetics had lower educational level (p=0,000) and they were agriculture workers and housewives significantly more frequently (p=0,000) than nondiabetic individuals. Furthermore, obesity (p=0,000) and physical inactivity (p=0,003) were significantly more frequent among the diabetic individuals than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals had significanly (p=0,000) more numbers of relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2 than the nondiabetics. The diabetic individuals with positive family history of diabetes were significantly older (p=0,021) and more frequently from urban areas (p=0,018) than the diabetic individuals without the positive family history of diabetes. Also they were significantly less exposed to physical agents (p=0,004). Discussion In our study, like in many others, age, place of residence, education, occupation, obesity, physical inactivity, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and exposure to physical agents were identified as potential risk factors for diabetes type 2. Conclusion Different risk factors are probably responsible for developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with and without positive family history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Mona Madbouly Mohammad Shahin ◽  
Madiha Rabie Mahmoud ◽  
Hanan Odah Salem Al-Shmaily ◽  
Salma Rshed Mohammed Altamimy ◽  
Lama Abdulaziz Saud Alanzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
History Of

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and representing 31% of all global deaths according to WHO. So, this study may be useful to detect the risk factors of CVDs and how to prevent them to help in reducing the rate of deaths due to these diseases. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Hail region, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: The study was carried out through an observational cross-sectional study on 300 participants from Hail region including both genders (females 231 [77%] & males 69 [23%]) with age group range from 18 years-old and above. The study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: The highest risk factor for CVDs was obesity, the total number of overweight, obese and extremely obese was 171 (57%) which was more pronounced with peoples at the age of 31-45 years old. Other risk factors that were found in our participants were hypertension (8.3%), diabetes mellitus(DM, 7.3%),family history of diseases (80.4%), consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables (62.7%), always drinking coffee (60.9%), physical inactivity (34.7%), consuming fast foods more than one time per week (32.4%) and smoking 10.3%.We can conclude that many risk factors for CVDs were prevalent among Hail population either non modifiable (family history of diseases) or modifiable (obesity, physical inactivity, fast foods, insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables) showed a considerable percentage which needs awareness programs for Hail population.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study on prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among school boys of Burdwan municipal area

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4213
Author(s):  
Kaushik Nag ◽  
Manas Patra ◽  
Avijit Paul ◽  
Indranil Saha ◽  
Krishnadas Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
History Of

Background: High blood pressure in childhood and adolescence is an important part of the natural history of hypertension. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the adolescent boys of class nine (IX) to twelve (XII).Methods: A school based cross sectional study was undertaken among 894 adolescent boys aged 13 to 18 years from May 2013 to October 2014 of Burdwan municipal area. Schools were selected by Simple random sampling and systematic random sampling was used to include sample students from each school. Statistical tests like chi-square test were applied for categorical variables and p<0.05 taken as statistical significance.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 5.7%. The study revealed highest prevalence of hypertension in the age group of 13-14 and 17-18 years (6.5%), Muslim religion (17%), General caste (8.4%), and upper socio-economic status (9.3%) among which religion and caste showed significant association with hypertension (P<0.05). Students taking non-vegeterian items ≥5 days a week, chewing tobacco users, obese and having family history were more hypertensive which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The association of hypertension with food habit, tobacco chewing, obesity & family history of hypertension was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Family history of cardiovascular disease and non-HDL cholesterol in prepubescent non-obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi ◽  
Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza ◽  
Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽  
Maria do Carmo Pinho Franco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Summary Objective: To describe the values of non-HDL cholesterol (NHDL-c) and the frequency of a family history of early cardiovascular disease (family HCVD) in healthy prepubescent children. Analyze the association between NHDL-c and family HCVD, and possible associations with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Method: Cross-sectional study including 269 prepubescent (aged 6-10 years) schoolchildren with a normal body mass index (+1SD<BMI>-2SD). Data collected: Family HCVD; weight and height, waist circumference and systemic blood pressure; lipid profile (total cholesterol TC, HDL-c, triglycerides and LDL-c), NHDL-c calculation (CT-HDL-c, cut-off = 145 mg/dL) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: High levels were found for NHDL-c in 10 (3.7%) of these schoolchildren, and family early HCVD was found in 46 (17.1%) of them. There was a weak association between family HCVD and NHDL-c (Cramer’s-V-test = 0.120; p=0.050). Among the children with NHDL-c≥145 mg/dL, 4 (40%) have family HCVD. The presence of family HCVD was not associated with the variables being studied. The variables independently associated with NHDL-c ≥ 145 mg/dL were: HOMA-IR (OR=1.7; 95CI 1.1-2.6) and diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.1; 95CI 1.02-1.2). Conclusion: NHDL-c values were associated with blood pressure and insulin resistance. Family HCVD was not associated with other classic risk factors for CVD, even though the frequency found was five times higher than that of high NHDL-c.

Venous thromboembolism – prevalence and risk factors in chronic venous disease patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Musil ◽  
Markéta Kaletová ◽  
Jiří Herman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Aims This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with chronic venous disease and the impact of some intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Methods A retrospective study on 641 outpatients (489 women) with primary chronic venous disease (C0–C6). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was evaluated according to sex, age, BMI, the presence of ≥1 first-degree siblings diagnosed with venous thromboembolism, CEAP clinical class, smoking and the use of hormone therapy. Results Venous thromboembolism episodes occurred in 32 patients (5%) with no gender predominance (OR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.90–2.45; p = 0.146). There was no increased RR of venous thromboembolism in the age group 46–69 years compared with patients aged ≤45 years ( p = 0.350). In persons aged ≥70 years, the risk of venous thromboembolism was 3.2 times higher than in patients aged 46–69 years and 4.78 times higher than in patients aged ≤45 years. The risk of venous thromboembolism rose very significantly in obese compared with normostenic patients ( p = 0.002). There were significantly more venous thromboembolism episodes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (55.3%) than patients with varicose veins (44.7%) ( p < 0.001). A family history of venous thromboembolism ( p = 0.12), smoking ( p = 0.905) and hormone therapy ( p = 0.326) were not associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Smoking was a risk factor in obese patients ( p = 0.033), but the combination of obesity, smoking, estrogens in women did not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Conclusions The 5% prevalence of venous thromboembolism episodes in patients was comparable with the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in the general European population. Age ≥70 years and obesity were strongly associated with an occurrence of venous thromboembolism. Obese patients with chronic venous disease were at higher risk for venous thromboembolism than obese people in the general population. A family history of venous thromboembolism, smoking and estrogens alone or in combination were not revealed as significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu A. Zeru ◽  
Endalamaw Tesfa ◽  
Aweke A. Mitiku ◽  
Awoke Seyoum ◽  
Tesfaye Abera Bokoro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
History Of

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem in developing as well as developed nations. DM leads to many complications that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the current study was planned to assess the prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. Six electronic databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Web of science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were searched for studies published in English up December 30, 2020. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft excel and analyzed through Stata version 16 software. The random effect meta-regression analysis was computed at 95% CI to assess the pooled prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM. Forty observational studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of DM in Ethiopia was 6.5% (95% CI (5.8, 7.3)). The sub-group analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of DM was found in Dire Dawa city administration (14%), and the lowest prevalence was observed in Tigray region (2%). The pooled prevalence of DM was higher (8%) in studies conducted in health facility. Factors like: Age ≥ 40 years ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.91 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.49)), Illiterate (AOR: 2.74 (95% CI: 1.18, 6.34)), Cigarette smoking (AOR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.32)), Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR: 2.01 (95 CI: 1.46, 2.27)), family history of DM (AOR: 6.14 (95% CI: 2.80, 13.46)), history of hypertension (AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: 1.13, 7.95)) and physical inactivity (AOR: 5.79 (95% CI: 2.12, 15.77)) were significantly associated with type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. In this review, the prevalence of type-2 DM was high. Factors like: Older age, illiteracy, cigarette smoking, MBI ≥ 25, family history of DM, history of hypertension and physical inactivity were an identified risk factors of type-2 DM. Therefore, health education and promotion will be warranted. Further, large scale prospective studies will be recommended to address possible risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population.

scholarly journals Chronic diseases of lifestyle risk factor profiles of a South African rural community

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukadas O. Akindele ◽  
Ushotanefe Useh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
History Of

Globally, chronic diseases of lifestyle account for millions of dollars spent annually on health. These diseases share similar risk factors including: physical inactivity, obesity, cigarette smoking, and hypertension among others. This study sought to assess risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle of a rural community in South Africa. This study used a survey design with data randomly collected using the WHO STEPS Instrument for Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance from participants who attended routine checks from February to October 2018 from a trained healthcare practitioner. Informed consent was sought from all participants before the administration of the instrument. The research setting was the community Primary Health Center. About 54.0% of participants presented with no family history of hypertension but 19.7% had a family history of type II diabetes mellitus. More women were found to be hypertensive, with the majority (93.4%) monitoring their blood pressure. The study revealed that more men were current smokers. A large number of participants were engaged in a sedentary lifestyle with about one-third of the participants reported being obese. Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension were among the lifestyle-related risk factors for chronic diseases among residents of this rural community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pre-diabetes and its associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study in West Tripura district of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539
Author(s):  
Bitan Sengupta ◽  
Himadri Bhattacharjya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Early detection of Pre-diabetes and controlling the risk factors may delay the development of Diabetes and related complications. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Pre-diabetes in West Tripura district of India and to study it’s associations with selected risk factors. Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted in West Tripura district of India, during 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019 among 320 individuals selected by multistage sampling. Fasting blood sugar was tested for diagnosing Pre-diabetes. Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS-24. Result: Prevalence of Pre-diabetes in West Tripura district was 19.4%, 28.1% were hypertensive and 32.5% had high BMI. Multivariable logistic regression has identified age ≥40 yr (OR: 20.62, 95% CI: 4.97 – 85.49) higher socioeconomic status (OR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.95 – 12.72), family history of diabetes (OR: 9.72, 95% CI: 2.51 – 37.61), higher BMI (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.32 – 5.89) and physical inactivity (OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.66 – 7.46) as the predictors of Pre-diabetes. Conclusion: West Tripura district of India has higher prevalence of pre-diabetes than the national average. Age ≥40 yr, higher socioeconomic status, family history of diabetes, higher BMI and physical inactivity were identified as significant predictors of Pre-diabetes in this region.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors and Awareness of Adults Hypertensive Population in Khartoum Locality, 2014

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽  
Mohammed Eltahir Abdalrahman Alagib ◽  
Siham Ahmed Balla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hypertensive Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Aims: To identify the prevalence of hypertensions, socio demographic characteristics, risk factor and awareness of the study population about hypertension in Khartoum Locality. Study Design: A descriptive community-based cross-sectional study. Place of Study: Khartoum locality, Sudan. Methodology: A total of 587 adult participants were interviewed using structured close ended questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole blood pressure respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and the cutoff points were derived from World Health Organization (WHO) reference criteria to classify BMI as normal, overweight and obese. Chi square test was used to assess the association of socio demographic characteristics and risk factors with hypertensive population. Results: The prevalence of hypertensive accounted to 216 (36.8%).  Thirty seven hypertensive participants (17%) were not aware about having hypertension, 86 (40%) were not aware about at least one complication of HTN and 117(54%) were not aware about the normal measures of blood pressure. The hypertensive participants were significantly high in the age group 25- 64 years of age and above. Females were significantly having hypertension more than males, 155 (72%) versus 61 (28%). Married participants were significantly having hypertension more than non-married, 169(78%) and 47(22%) respectively. Unemployed participants were significantly having hypertension more than employed ones, 168 (77.8%) and 48 (22.2%) respectively. Risk factors among hypertensive participants were significantly found among overweight 67 (31%) and obese 115 (53%), positive family history of hypertension 139 (65%), increase salt in food149 (69.3%) and physical inactivity 166 (77%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among Khartoum locality was high.  Hypertensive population awareness was low. Age, sex, marital status, education and employment were significantly associated with hypertensive population. Obesity and overweight, family history of hypertension, increase salt in food and physical inactivity were risk factors among hypertensive study population.

scholarly journals MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG ADULTS: ITS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RISK FACTORS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Umesh Teltumbadr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Golden Hour ◽  
History Of ◽  
Premature Cad

INTRODUCTION:  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the Western countries. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young is relatively uncommon but it is of great concern for the physician as these patients present with the different clinical presentation, risk factors and better prognosis than the older patients. In younger patients and the first onset of angina which rapidly progresses to fully evolved MI is often the case in patients less than 45 years of age. In a young patient presenting with MI care full history should be taken and risk factors such as smoking, obesity, diabetes and history of recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis should also be noted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 34 patients of age >18 years and <45 years were included in the study who presented with the acute myocardial infarction. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients who were included in the study. Clinical presentation and risk factors were recorded in the prescribed format. Anthropometric and clinical examination was carried out for each patient. Body weight and height were measured and Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using Quetlet’s formula as weight in kg/square of the height in meters. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients presenting with acute MI was 32± 6.21years. The youngest patient was 27 years old while the most common age group was 35-40 with 17(50%) patients. Out of 34 patients 33 (97.05%) were male while only 1 (2.95%) was female. Maximum patients were from urban area 22 (64.70%) while 12 (35.29%) were from the rural area. Smoking and physical inactivity was the most common associated risk factor in MI patients 29(85.29%). All smokers were male. Second most common risk factor was obesity and stressful life 18(52.94%) followed Hypertension in 13(38.24%) cases. In 12(35.29%) cases diabetes was associated as a risk factor. Family history of premature CAD, and dyslipidemia was seen in 11(32.35%) and 8(23.53%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Smoking, Physical inactivity, family history of premature CAD, and obesity were the most common risk factors. Early stabilisation in golden hour should be followed by risk stratification, and early revascularisation.

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