scholarly journals The effect of anion architecture on the lubrication chemistry of phosphonium orthoborate ionic liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulat Munavirov ◽  
Jeffrey J. Black ◽  
Faiz Ullah Shah ◽  
Johan Leckner ◽  
Mark W. Rutland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

AbstractPhosphonium ionic liquids with orthoborate anions have been studied in terms of their interfacial film formation, both physisorbed and sacrificial from chemical breakdown, in sheared contacts of varying harshness. The halogen-free anion architecture was varied through (i) the heteronuclear ring size, (ii) the hybridisation of the constituent atoms, and (iii) the addition of aryl functionalities. Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed the extent of sacrificial tribofilm formation allowing the relative stability of the ionic liquids under tribological conditions to be determined and their breakdown mechanisms to be compared to simple thermal decomposition. Overall, ionic liquids outperformed reference oils as lubricants; in some cases, sacrificial films were formed (with anion breakdown a necessary precursor to phosphonium cation decomposition) while in other cases, a protective, self-assembly lubricant layer or hybrid film was formed. The salicylate-based anion was the most chemically stable and decomposed only slightly even under the harshest conditions. It was further found that surface topography influenced the degree of breakdown through enhanced material transport and replenishment. This work thus unveils the relationship between ionic liquid composition and structure, and the ensuing inter- and intra-molecular interactions and chemical stability, and demonstrates the intrinsic tuneability of an ionic liquid lubrication technology.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anion Architecture on the Lubrication Chemistry of Phosphonium Orthoborate Ionic Liquid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulat Munavirov ◽  
Jeffrey J. Black ◽  
Faiz Ullah Shah ◽  
Johan Leckner ◽  
Mark W. Rutland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Phosphonium ionic liquids with orthoborate anions have been studied in terms of their interfacial film formation, both physisorbed and sacrificial from chemical breakdown, in sheared contacts of varying harshness. The halogen-free anion architecture was varied through i) the heteronuclear ring size, ii) the hybridisation of the constituent atoms, and iii) the addition of aryl functionalities. ToF-SIMS analysis revealed the extent of sacrificial tribofilm formation allowing the relative stability of the ionic liquids under tribological conditions to be determined and their breakdown mechanisms to be compared to simple thermal decomposition. Overall, ionic liquids outperformed reference oils as lubricants; in some cases, sacrificial films were formed (with anion breakdown a necessary precursor to phosphonium cation decomposition) while in other cases, a protective, self-assembly lubricant layer or hybrid film was formed. The salicylate-based anion was the most chemically stable and decomposed only slightly even under the harshest conditions. It was further found that surface topography influenced the degree of breakdown through enhanced material transport and replenishment. This work thus unveils the relationship between ionic liquid composition and structure, and the ensuing inter- and intra-molecular interactions and chemical stability, and demonstrates the intrinsic tuneability of an ionic liquid lubrication technology.

The cation−anion interaction in ionic liquids studied by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Zhou ◽  
Junfeng Zhan ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Cao Li ◽  
Konstantin Chingin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

Ionic liquids, known as green solvents, are of sustainable interest in modern chemistry, industry, and many other fields. Here, extractive electrospray ionization has been applied to transfer various room temperature ionic liquids into the gas phase for mass spectrometry analysis. Generated mass spectra display free cations (C+), anions (A–), and small salt clusters, such as C2A+ and CA2–, from strongly diluted ionic liquid samples (<10−8 mol/L) with high sensitivity and tolerance to chemical contamination. The eight ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with different anions (OH–, HSO4–, Cl–, BF4–, AlCl4–, NO3–, Ac–, and PF6–) are investigated in the present work. Interestingly, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation signal intensity is inversely correlated with the hydrogen bonding strength between the anion and cation. Our study indicates that the direct extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis is a convenient method to screen ionic liquid libraries with regard to chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and supramolecular organization of ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Friction Behavior and Surface Interactions of Cyano-Based Ionic Liquids under Different Sliding Contacts and High Vacuum Condition

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouhei Kawada ◽  
Seiya Watanabe ◽  
Shinya Sasaki ◽  
Masaaki Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Nascent Surface

The friction coefficients of ionic liquids were evaluated by many investigations. Most investigations used fluorine-based ionic liquids as lubricants. However, these ionic liquids produce the corrosion wear. This investigation focuses on the use of cyano-based ionic liquids as lubricants. Compared to fluorine-based ionic liquids, cyano-based ionic liquids exhibit high friction coefficients against steel material. This work examines how the friction coefficients of cyano-based ionic liquids are influenced by the type of sliding material used (AISI 52100, TiO2, and tetrahedral amorphous carbon). TiO2 lubricated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, and ta-C lubricated with 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate exhibited very low friction coefficients, smaller than fluorine-based ionic liquids. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis showed that anions adsorb onto the worn surface, suggesting that anion adsorption is a critical parameter influencing friction coefficients. Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry measurements revealed that cations decompose on the nascent surface, preventing adsorption on the worn surface. These results suggest that low friction coefficients require the decomposition of cations and adsorption of anions. The reactivity of nascent surface changes with the sliding material used due to varying catalytic activity of the nascent surfaces.

High throughput approach to investigating ternary solvents of aqueous non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 6810-6827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Yalcin ◽  
Calum J. Drummond ◽  
Tamar L. Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Compositional Space

High throughput methods were used to investigate ionic liquid containing solutions to provide systematic data of a broad compositional space. We have principally focused on the surface tension, apparent pH and liquid nanostructure to identify potential self-assembly and protein stabilizing ability of solvent systems.

Calculation of Membrane Lipid Ratios Using Single-Pixel Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (15) ◽  
pp. 7795-7802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kassenböhmer ◽  
Felix Draude ◽  
Martin Körsgen ◽  
Andreas Pelster ◽  
Heinrich F. Arlinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Lipid Ratios ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Single Pixel
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