scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide can be a plausible biomarker in cyanobacterial bloom treatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asaeda ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Helayaye Damitha Lakmali Abeynayaka
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Log P ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Protein 4.1 ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

AbstractThe effect of combined stresses, photoinhibition, and nutrient depletion on the oxidative stress of cyanobacteria was measured in laboratory experiments to develop the biomass prediction model. Phormidium ambiguum was exposed to various photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities and phosphorous (P) concentrations with fixed nitrogen concentrations. The samples were subjected to stress assays by detecting the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). H2O2 concentrations decreased to 30 µmol m−2 s−1 of PAR, then increased with higher PAR intensities. Regarding P concentrations, H2O2 concentrations (nmol L−1) generally decreased with increasing P concentrations. SOD and CAT activities were proportionate to the H2O2 protein−1. No H2O2 concentrations detected outside cells indicated the biological production of H2O2, and the accumulated H2O2 concentration inside cells was parameterized with H2O2 concentration protein−1. With over 30 µmol m−2 s−1 of PAR, H2O2 concentration protein−1 had a similar increasing trend with PAR intensity, independently of P concentration. Meanwhile, with increasing P concentration, H2O2 protein−1 decreased in a similar pattern regardless of PAR intensity. Protein content decreased with gradually increasing H2O2 up to 4 nmol H2O2 mg−1 protein, which provides a threshold to restrict the growth of cyanobacteria. With these results, an empirical formula—protein (mg L−1) = − 192*Log((H2O2/protein)/4.1), where H2O2/protein (nmol mg−1) = − 0.312*PAR2/(502 + PAR2)*((25/PAR)4 + 1)*Log(P/133,100), as a function of total phosphorus concentration, P (µg L−1)—was developed to obtain the cyanobacteria biomass.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide Can Be a Plausible Biomarker in Cyanobacterial Bloom Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asaeda ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Helayaye Damitha Lakmali Abeynayaka
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Combined Stresses ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

Abstract The effect of combined stresses, photoinhibition and nutrient depletion, on the oxidative stress of cyanobacteria was measured in laboratory experiments, to develop the biomass prediction model. Phormidium ambiguum was exposed to various photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensities and phosphorous concentrations with fixed nitrogen concentration. The samples were subjected to stress assays by detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). H2O2 concentration decreased to 30 µmolm-2s-1 of PAR, then increased further with higher PAR intensity. Regarding phosphorus concentration, H2O2 concentration generally decreased with increasing phosphorus concentration. SOD and CAT activities were proportionate to the H2O2 protein-1. No H2O2 concentration detected outside of cells indicated the biological production of H2O2, and the accumulated H2O2 concentration inside cells was parameterized with H2O2 concentration protein-1. Over 30 µmolm-2s-1 of PAR, H2O2 concentration protein-1 had a similar increasing trend with PAR intensity, independently of phosphorous concentration. Meanwhile, with increasing phosphorous concentration, H2O2 protein-1 decreased in a similar pattern regardless of PAR intensity. Protein content decreased with increasing H2O2 gradually up to 4nmol H2O2 mg-1protein, which provides a threshold to restrict the growth of cyanobacteria. With these results. an empirical formula was developed to obtain the cyanobacteria biomass.

Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil: Integrated Management Plan for its Restoration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paulino Mattos ◽  
Irene Guimarães Altafin ◽  
Hélio José de Freitas ◽  
Cristine Gobbato Brandão Cavalcanti ◽  
Vera Regina Estuqui Alves
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Abstract Built in 1959, Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia, Brazil, has been undergoing an accelerated process of nutrient enrichment, due to inputs of inadequately treated raw sewage, generated by a population of 600,000 inhabitants. Consequently, it shows high nutrient content (40 µg/L of total phosphorus and 1800 µg/L of total nitrogen), low transparency (0.65 m) and high levels of chlorophyll a (65 µg/L), represented mainly by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and sporadic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, which is being combatted with copper sulphate. With the absence of seasonality and a vertical distribution which is not very evident, the horizontal pattern assumes great importance in this reservoir, in which five compartments stand out. Based on this segmentation and on the identification of the total phosphorus parameter as the limiting factor for algal growth, mathematical models were developed which demonstrate the need for advanced treatment of all the sewage produced in its drainage basin. With this, it is expected that a process of restoration will be initiated, with a decline in total phosphorus concentration to readings below 25 µg/L. Additional measures are proposed to accelerate this process.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a single-species cyanobacterial bloom in a lake in Cyprus: monitoring and treatment with hydrogen peroxide-releasing granules

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Keliri ◽  
Christia Paraskeva ◽  
Angelos Sofokleous ◽  
Assaf Sukenik ◽  
Dariusz Dziga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Forest Park

AbstractBackgroundExcess loads of nutrients finding their way into waterbodies can cause rapid and excessive growth of phytoplankton species and lead to the formation of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs). Toxic cyanobacteria produce a broad range of bioactive metabolites, some of which are known as cyanotoxins. These metabolites can negatively impact the ecosystem, and human and animal health, thus their presence needs to be closely monitored and mitigated. This study aimed to monitor St. George Lake (Athalassa National Forest Park, Cyprus) for its water quality characteristics, and initiate a new methodology to control the bloom that occurred in the lake during summer 2019, by comparing hydrogen peroxide treatment with novel metallic peroxide granules as source of hydrogen peroxide.ResultsLake monitoring showed that pH, salinity, total dissolved solids and conductivity varied throughout the year, and nutrients concentration was high, indicating a eutrophic lake. The cyanobacteriumMerismopediasp. bloomed in the lake between June and September 2019, comprising up to 99% of the phytoplankton biovolume. The presence of microcystin synthase encoding gene (mcyB, mcyE) was documented, however microcystins were not detected by tandem mass spectroscopy. Treatment with liquid hydrogen peroxide in concentrations 1 to 5 mg L−1had no effect on the phycocyanin fluorescence (Ft) and quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) indicating an ineffective treatment for the denseMerismopediabloom (1 million cells mL−1 ± 20%). Metallic peroxide granules tested for their H2O2releasing capacity in St. George Lake water, showing that CaO2released higher H2O2concentration and therefore have better mitigation efficiency than MgO2granules.ConclusionThe present study highlights the importance of monitoring several water parameters to conclude on the different actions to be taken to limit eutrophication in the catchment area. The findings demonstrated that testing for the presence of genes involved in cyanotoxin production may not be sufficient to follow cyanotoxins in the water, therefore it should be accompanied with analytical confirmation. Treatment experiments indicated that slow release of H2O2from peroxide granules may be an alternative to liquid hydrogen peroxide when applied in appropriate doses, but further investigation is needed before it is applied at the field.Graphic Abstract

Fast Determination of Phosphorus Concentration in Phosphogypsum Waste Using Calibration-Free LIBS in Air and Helium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elsayed ◽  
Walid Tawfik ◽  
Ashraf E M Khater ◽  
Tarek S Kayed ◽  
Mohamed Fikry
Keyword(s):  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Calibration Free

Abstract This work represents a novel method to determine phosphorus (P) concentration in phosphogypsum (PG) waste samples using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A 50 mJ Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has generated the PG LIBS spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution has been characterized by electron density Ne and electron temperature Te using the emission intensity and stark broadening for P I characteristic lines 213.61, 214.91, and 215.40 nm under non-purged (air) and purged (helium) conditions. It was found that both Te and Ne have significant changes linearly with P concentrations 4195, 5288, 6293, and 6905 ppm. The values of plasma Te and Ne increased from about 6900 to 10000 K and 1.1×1017 to 3.4×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the non-purged PG. On the other hand, Te and Ne ranged from 8200 to 11000 K and 1.4×1017 to 3.5×1017 cm− 3, respectively, for the PG purged with helium. It is concluded that Te and Ne values represent a fingerprint plasma characterization for a given P concentration in PG samples, which can be used to identify P concentration without a PG's complete analysis. These results demonstrate a new achievement in the field of spectrochemical analysis of environmental applications.

Phosphorus and land-use changes are significant drivers of cladoceran community composition and diversity: an analysis over spatial and temporal scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Richard Albert ◽  
Guangjie Chen ◽  
Graham K. MacDonald ◽  
Jesse C. Vermaire ◽  
Elena M. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Watershed Disturbance ◽  
Subfossil Cladoceran

We conducted paleolimnological studies over spatial and temporal gradients to define the responses of subfossil cladoceran community composition and diversity to changes in land use and phosphorus concentrations in shallow lakes. We predicted that watershed disturbance by humans, through its impact on water quality, would explain significant variation in cladoceran diversity and composition. Across lakes, water-column total phosphorus concentration was a significant (p < 0.05) predictor of the subfossil cladoceran community composition. Chydorid diversity was also found to be related significantly to phosphorus concentration (r = –0.55, p < 0.05) and the proportion of disturbed land in the watershed (r = –0.47, p < 0.05). However, net load of phosphorus to the watershed rather than proportion of watershed disturbance was a significant predictor of chydorid diversity (r = –0.86, p < 0.001) in our temporal analysis of an eutrophying lake. Given that phosphorus loading to surface waters is often related to phosphorus concentrations in soils, we suggest that the net phosphorus load to the watershed is a more sensitive metric of land-use change and necessary for detecting ecological responses in time series data.

Forest harvest impacts on water quality and aquatic biota on the Boreal Plain: introduction to the TROLS lake program

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
E E Prepas ◽  
B Pinel-Alloul ◽  
D Planas ◽  
G Méthot ◽  
S Paquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Stratified Lakes ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Eleven headwater lakes in Alberta's Boreal Plain were monitored for nutrients and plankton 2 years before and 2 years after variable watershed harvesting (harvesting mean 15%, range 0-35%). After harvesting, variations in annual precipitation resulted in lake water residence times that differed by an order of magnitude from one year to the next. During the first posttreatment year, total phosphorus concentrations increased (overall 40%) in most lakes; however, response was most consistent in lakes that were shallow and the water column mixed or weakly thermally stratified. Chlorophyll a, cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon-Anabaena), and cyanotoxins (microcystin-LR) increased after harvesting, primarily in shallow lakes. Zooplankton abundance and biomass decreased after harvesting, particularly in stratified lakes where edible phytoplankton biomass declined. In the weakly or nonstratified lakes, declines in zooplankton biomass were associated with higher cyanobacterial biomass and cyanotoxins. Posttreatment change in total phosphorus concentration was strongly related to weather (greatest response in a wet year) and relative drainage basin size (drainage basin area to lake volume, r2 = 0,78, P << 0,01). There was no evidence that buffer strip width (20, 100, and 200 m) influenced lake response. These results suggest that activities within the entire watershed should be the focus of catchment-lake interactions.

scholarly journals Studies on In-vitro Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potentials of Annona muricata Leaf Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Idorenyin Nwaehujor ◽  
Samuel Akande ◽  
Olubunmi Atolani ◽  
Gabriel Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Proteinase Inhibition

Inflammation has stimulated significant worldwide scientific interest because of its implication in many human diseases. Most inflammations are caused by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. Annona muricataleaf extracts were investigated for their in-vitroantioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Annona muricataleavesweredried at room temperature, blended using a mill.and extracted with solvents of varying degree of polarities. The solventsused were hexane, ethyl acetate,and ethanol. After sequential extraction, the crude extracts were examined for their in-vitroanti-inflammatory activities on lipoxygenase inhibition, proteinase inhibition, albumin denaturation inhibition,and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays,while the antioxidant activities were examined using DPPH, ABTS and hydrogen peroxide assays. The results showed that the ethanol extract had significantlyhigher albumin denaturation inhibition activity at 500 μg/mL (p &lt; 0.01). The activity of all the extracts on proteinase inhibition decreased with the increase in concentration of the extracts. Indomethacin (standard), ethanol extract,and ethyl acetate extract exhibited a dose dependent increase in lipoxygenase activity. The ethanol extract showed highred blood cell membrane stabilization activity at 500 μg/mL and the activity was comparable with that of the standard (diclofenac). Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the extracts and standard (Vitamin C) were comparable at 20 –100 μg/mL. The ethanol extract showed significantly higher(p &lt; 0.01) DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with other extracts. A similar trend was also observed for ABTS radical scavenging activity. Generally,the ethanol extract exhibited higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in most of the assays, this could be attributed to the polar compounds present in the extract.

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