scholarly journals Fruiting character variability in wild individuals of Malania oleifera, a highly valued endemic species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Hai Wang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Mei Hua ◽  
Yong-Peng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Longitudinal Diameter

AbstractMalania oleifera (Olacaceae), a tree species endemic to Southwest China, has seed oils enriched with nervonic acid and is therefore good source of this chemical. Because of this, there are promising industrial perspective in the artificial cultivation and use of this species. Understanding the variability in the fruit characters among individuals forms the basis or resource prospection. In the current investigation, fifty-three mature fruiting trees were sampled from two locations with divergent climates (Guangnan and Funing). Morphological characterization of fruits (fruit and stone weight, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter, stone transverse and longitudinal diameter) was conducted, and the concentration of seed oil and its fatty acid composition were also analyzed in all individuals. Differences in all the morphological characters studied were more significant among individual trees than between different geographic localities, even though these had different climates. Eleven fatty acids were identified contributing between 91.39 and 96.34% of the lipids, and the major components were nervonic acid (38.93–47.24%), octadecenoic acid (26.79–32.08%), docosenoic acid (10.94–17.24%). The seed oil content (proportion of oil in seed kernel) and the proportion of nervonic acid were both higher in Funing, which has a higher average climatic temperature than Guangnan. The concentrations of nervonic acid and octadecenoic acid with the low coefficients of variation in the seed oil of M. oleifera were relatively stable in contrast to the other fatty acids. There were significant positive correlations between fruit morphological characters, but the amount of seed oil and the concentrations of its components were not correlated with any morphological character. This study provides an understanding of morphological variation in wild M. oleifera individuals. Wild individuals with excellent fruit traits could be selected and would make promising candidates for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Studies of Terminalia belerica Roxb. Seed Oil and Seed Kernel

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tamzid Hossain Molla ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
M A-U Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Terminalia Belerica ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Oil was extracted from Terminalia belerica Roxb. seed kernel by solvent extraction process. The whole seed contained 12.28 % oil on dry basis. The physico-chemical properties of the oil were determined. Moisture, ash and crude fibre contents of the seed kernel were found to be 8. 43, 2.54, and 8.78% respectively. The refractive index, co-efficient of viscosity, specific gravity, and energy of activation of the oil were found to be 1.28, 403.6 millipoise at 30°C, 0.93 and 6.97 k.cal/mole respectively. The oil was found to be non-drying. Iodine value, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, saponification equivalent, ester value, unsaponifiable matter, acetyl value, Reichert-Meissel value, Polenske value, free fatty acids as oleic acid and cholesterol content of the oil were recorded as 107, 3.69, 3.14, 189.24, 296.44, 185.55, 1.24%, 3.78, 0.719, 0.945, 0.87% and 26.59 mg per 100 g oil, respectively. The oil was qualitative and quantitative analysed for fatty acid composition by TLC and GLC. The results showed that the fatty acids of the oil had chain length between C14 to C22. The oil contained 17.70% myristic acid, 21.6% palmitic acid, 45.67% oleic acid and 14.93% stearic acid. The whole kernel was analyzed for some nutrients and minerals. The kernel contained 22.57 and 8.38% total lipid and protein respectively. It also contained 0.19mg, 0.45mg, 0.79g and 1.1mg of vitamin B1, B2, C and A respectively per 100g of kernel. Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were found to be 0.3, 0.02, 0.2, 0.2, 0.01%; 23, 1, 12 and 12 ppm respectively in kernel and 0.12, 0.05, 1.15, 0.18, 0.45%; 204, 4, 54 and 50 ppm respectively in oil. Key words: T. belerica seed oil and kernel, physico-chemical behaviour, micronutrients, fatty acid profile, GLC.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2211   J. bio-sci. 15: 117-126, 2007

11-OCTADECENOIC ACID AND OTHER FATTY ACIDS OF ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA SEED OIL

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Chisholm ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Dihydroxystearic Acid ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Splitting

The seed oil of Asclepiassyriaca L., family Asclepidaceae, was examined by gas chromatography and distillation of the methyl esters. The fatty acids were found to include a considerable proportion of cis-11-octadecenoic acid, which has not been observed previously in seed oils. It was obtained as a concentrate [Formula: see text] by low-temperature crystallization of the C18 acids and identified as 11,12-dihydroxystearic acid. The amount of 11-octadecenoic acid in the oil was determined by oxidative splitting of the total fatty acids and estimation of the resulting azelaic and undecanedioic acids by gas chromatography.The C16 acids included 9,12-hexadecadienoic acid, which is rare in seed oils,and an unusually large proportion of 9-hexadecenoic acid. The percentage composition of the fatty acids was estimated from the data as follows: palmitic 4,9-hexadecenoic 10, 9,12-hexadecadienoic 2, stearic < 1, oleic 15, 11-octadecenoic 15, linoleic 53, linolenic < 1. The unsaturated acids have the cis configuration.

scholarly journals Variability of seed oil content, fatty acid composition, and nervonic acid content in Acer truncatum, native to 14 regions of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Qiao ◽  
W. Xue ◽  
Z. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Total Fat

The seed oil of 138 accessions of 14 Acer truncatum (Aceraceae family) populations native to China were analyzed by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The oil content ranged from 17.81% to 36.56% (mean: 28.57%), which mainly consisted of 14 types of fatty acids. Palmitic (4.69%), stearic (2.30%), oleic (25.19%), linoleic (32.97%), linolenic (2.76%), cis-11-eicosenoic (7.90%), erucic (16.49%), and nervonic (5.76%) fatty acids accounted for 98% of total fat. The nervonic acid content ranged from 3.90% to 7.85% among the accessions. Significant variations in oil content and predominating fatty acids were observed among populations. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis detected obvious geographical variation trends among A. truncatum populations which correlate with environmental variations (especially altitude, temperature, and precipitation) and supported the grouping of the populations into three groups according to geographic locations.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bahia ◽  
Ana Beatriz F Barletta ◽  
Luciana Conceição Pinto ◽  
Alessandra S Orfanó ◽  
Rafael Nacif-Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Function Number

Abstract We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization, Variability and Diversity among Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Shilpashree ◽  
Sarojinikunjamma Nirmala Devi ◽  
Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda ◽  
Anjanappa Muddappa ◽  
Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
High Heritability

Vegetable soybean production is dependent on the development of vegetable type varieties that would be achieved by the use of germplasm to evolve new agronomically superior yielding vegetable type with beneficial biochemical traits. This can be accomplished by a better understanding of genetics, which is why the research was conducted to reveal the quantitative genetics of vegetable soybean genotypes. Genetic variability of main morphological traits in vegetable soybean genotypes and their divergence was estimated, as a result of the magnitude of genotypic variation (GV), and phenotypic variation (PV) of traits varied among the genotypes. All traits showed high heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance percentage mean (GAM). Therefore, these variable traits are potential for genetic improvement of vegetable type soybean. Genetic diversity is the prime need for breeding, and the magnitude of genetic diversity values were maximized among specific genotypes. Eight clusters were found for all genotypes; cluster VIII and cluster I were considered to have the most diversity. Cluster VIII consisted of two genotypes (GM-6 and GM-27), based on the mean outcomes of the high yield attributing traits. Hence, these two (GM-6, GM-27) genotypes can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other genotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.

Characterization of Aeromonas genomic species by using quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
Klaus Blasczyk ◽  
Georg Auling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study

A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on representative strains of 13 Aeromonas genomic species. Quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns were found to be very useful for an improved characterization of the genus and an improved differentiation from members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The Q-8-benzoquinone was the predominant ubiquinone, and putrescine and diaminopropane were the major poly amines of the genus. The fatty acid patterns of 181 strains, all characterized by DNA–DNA hybridization, showed a great homogeneity within the genus, with major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), hexadecenoic acid (16:1), and octadecenoic acid (18:1), and minor amounts of the hydroxylated fatty acids (3-OH 13:0, 2-OH 14:0, 3-OH 14:0) in addition to some iso and anteiso branched fatty acids (i-13:0, i-17:1, i-17:0, and a-17:0). Although some differences in fatty acid profiles between the genomic species could be observed, a clearcut differentiation of all species was not possible.Key words: Aeromonas, polyamines, quinones, fatty acids, differentiation.

Depot fatty acids of Aberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle reared on hay and barley diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. F. Leat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryAberdeen Angus and Friesian cattle were reared from 4 months of age to slaughter weight at 18–24 months on either high-barley or high-hay diets. Samples of subcutaneous fat were taken by biopsy at 3 monthly intervals, and the degree of fatness of each animal was estimated ultrasonically prior to slaughter, and by visual inspection of the carcasses.The barley-fed animals gained weight more rapidly, and fattened more quickly than the hay-fed animals with the Angus being fatter than the Friesian at the same age. The percentage stearic acid (C18:0) in subcutaneous fat decreased with age and was replaced by octadecenoic acid (C18:l) and hexadecenoic acid (C16:l), these changes being more rapid in barley-fed than in hay-fed animals. At the same degree of fatness the depot fats of the Friesians were more unsaturated than those of the Angus, and in both breeds the fatter the animal the more unsaturated was its depot fat.In the hay-fed cattle the percentage C16:0 in subcutaneous fat increased during the last half of the experiment and at slaughter the percentage C16:0 was significantly higher, and C18:l significantly lower, in all depot fats compared with those of the barley-fed animals.It is concluded that the fatty acid composition of bovine depot fats is modulated by the degree of fattening, and can be affected by diet.

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