scholarly journals Oligonucleotide conjugated antibody strategies for cyclic immunostaining

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn A. Jones ◽  
Nathan P. McMahon ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Jennifer Eng ◽  
Koei Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Effective Signal ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractA number of highly multiplexed immunostaining and imaging methods have advanced spatial proteomics of cancer for improved treatment strategies. While a variety of methods have been developed, the most widely used methods are limited by harmful signal removal techniques, difficulties with reagent production and antigen sensitivity. Multiplexed immunostaining employing oligonucleotide (oligos)-barcoded antibodies is an alternative approach that is growing in popularity. However, challenges remain in consistent conjugation of oligos to antibodies with maintained antigenicity as well as non-destructive, robust and cost-effective signal removal methods. Herein, a variety of oligo conjugation and signal removal methods were evaluated in the development of a robust oligo conjugated antibody cyclic immunofluorescence (Ab-oligo cyCIF) methodology. Both non- and site-specific conjugation strategies were assessed to label antibodies, where site-specific conjugation resulted in higher retained binding affinity and antigen-specific staining. A variety of fluorescence signal removal methods were also evaluated, where incorporation of a photocleavable link (PCL) resulted in full fluorescence signal removal with minimal tissue disruption. In summary, this work resulted in an optimized Ab-oligo cyCIF platform capable of generating high dimensional images to characterize the spatial proteomics of the hallmarks of cancer.

scholarly journals Immobilization-Free Electrochemical Sensor Coupled with a Graphene-Oxide-Based Aptasensor for Glycated Albumin Detection

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Wassa Waiwinya ◽  
Thitirat Putnin ◽  
Dechnarong Pimalai ◽  
Wireeya Chawjiraphan ◽  
Nuankanya Sathirapongsasuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Aptasensor ◽  
Alternative Approach

An immobilization-free electrochemical sensor coupled with a graphene oxide (GO)-based aptasensor was developed for glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) detection. The concentration of GHSA was monitored by measuring the electrochemical response of free GO and aptamer-bound GO in the presence of glycated albumin; their currents served as the analytical signals. The electrochemical aptasensor exhibited good performance with a base-10 logarithmic scale. The calibration curve was achieved in the range of 0.01–50 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 8.70 ng/mL. The developed method was considered a one-drop measurement process because a fabrication step and the probe-immobilization process were not required. This simple sensor offers a cost-effective, rapid, and sensitive detection method, and could be an alternative approach for determination of GHSA levels.

Duplex DNA barcoding allows accurate species determination of morphologically similar limpets (Patella spp.) from non-destructive sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ashton ◽  
Meriem Kayoueche-Reeve ◽  
Andrew J. Blight ◽  
Jon Moore ◽  
David M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Non Destructive

Accurate discrimination of two morphologically similar species of Patella limpets has been facilitated by using qPCR amplification of species-specific mitochondrial genomic regions. Cost-effective and non-destructive sampling is achieved using a mucus swab and simple sample lysis and dilution to create a PCR template. Results show 100% concurrence with dissection and microscopic analysis, and the technique has been employed successfully in field studies. The use of highly sensitive DNA barcoding techniques such as this hold great potential for improving previously challenging field assessments of species abundance.

scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

scholarly journals Estimating the age and mechanism of boulder transport related with extreme waves using lichenometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-897
Author(s):  
Maria A Oliveira ◽  
Esteve Llop ◽  
César Andrade ◽  
Cristina Branquinho ◽  
Ronald Goble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Extreme Waves ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Boulder Deposits ◽  
Lichen Growth

Tsunamis and storms cause considerable coastal flooding, numerous fatalities, destruction of structures, and erosion. The characterization of energy and frequency associated with each wave contribute to the risk assessment in coastal regions. Coastal boulder deposits represent a physical proof of extreme inundation and allow us to study the effects of marine floods further back in time than instrumental and historical records. Age estimation of these deposits is challenging due to lack of materials (such as sand, shells, corals, or organic matter) that retain information about the passage of time. Lichenometry, a simple age estimation method, which is cost-effective, quick to apply, and non-destructive, is here proposed as a solution. A lichen growth model for a calcium-tolerant lichen species was developed and used to estimate the age of a boulder deposit related to extreme marine inundation(s) in Portugal. Estimated ages indicate several very recent events (<700 years) for most of the boulders’ stabilization and agree with results obtained with optically stimulated luminescence of marine sands found beneath boulders. Frequent and recent boulder transport implies a storm-origin for this deposit. These conclusions contrast with other works describing identical deposits that are attributed to paleotsunamis. This study presents a methodology using lichenometry as a successful alternative for age estimation in rocky coastal settings. These results offer an alternative explanation for coastal boulder deposits found on the west coast of Portugal.

scholarly journals DNAzyme-Functionalized R-Phycoerythrin as a Cost-Effective and Environment-Friendly Fluorescent Biosensor for Aqueous Pb2+ Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikui Wu ◽  
Yunfei Lu ◽  
Ningna Ren ◽  
Min Jia ◽  
Ruinan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensor ◽  
Excellent Selectivity

The sensitive detection of Pb2+ is of significant importance for food safety, environmental monitoring, and human health care. To this end, a novel fluorescent biosensor, DNAzyme-functionalized R-phycoerythrin (DNAzyme-R-PE), was presented for Pb2+ analysis. The biosensor was prepared via the immobilization of Iowa Black® FQ-modified DNAzyme–substrate complex onto the surface of SPDP-functionalized R-PE. The biosensor produced a minimal fluorescence signal in the absence of Pb2+. However, Pb2+ recognition can induce the cleavage of substrate, resulting in a fluorescence restoration of R-PE. The fluorescence changes were used to measure sensitively Pb2+ and the limit of detection was 0.16 nM with a linear range from 0.5–75 nM. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor showed excellent selectivity towards Pb2+ even in the presence of other metal ions interferences and was demonstrated to successfully determine Pb2+ in spiked lake water samples.

scholarly journals Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) : A rapid molecular diagnosis technique for detection of human pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 042-048
Author(s):  
Gunimala Chakraborty ◽  
Indrani Karunasagar ◽  
Anirban Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

AbstractDelivery of quality healthcare in case of an infectious disease depends on how efficiently and how quickly the responsible pathogens are detected from the samples. Molecular methods can detect the presence of pathogens in a rapid and sensitive manner. Over the years, a number of such assays have been developed. However, these methods, although highly reliable and efficient, require use of expensive equipment, reagents, and trained personnel. Therefore, development of molecular assays that are simple, rapid, cost-effective, yet sensitive, is highly warranted to ensure efficient management or treatment strategies. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technique invented in the year 2000, is a novel method that amplifies DNA at isothermal conditions. Since its invention, this technique has been one of the most extensively used molecular diagnostic tools in the field of diagnostics offering rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. Using the LAMP principle, many commercial kits have been developed in the last decade for a variety of human pathogens including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Currently LAMP assay is being considered as an effective diagnostic tool for use in developing countries because of its simple working protocol, allowing even an onsite application. The focus of this review is to describe the salient features of this technique the current status of development of LAMP assays with an emphasis on the pathogens of clinical significance.

scholarly journals Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Bai ◽  
Dinesh K Pandya ◽  
Sujeet Chaudhary ◽  
Veer Dhaka ◽  
Vladislav Khayrudinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Zno Nanocrystals ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Zno Nanocrystal

We report on the growth of ZnO nanocrystals having a hexagonal, prismatic shape, sized 700 nm × 600 nm, on bare indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The growth is induced by a low ion flux and involves a low-temperature electrodeposition technique. Further, vertically aligned periodic nanocrystal (NC) growth is engineered at predefined positions on polymer-coated ITO substrates patterned with ordered pores. The vertical alignment of ZnO NCs along the c-axis is achieved via ion-by-ion nucleation-controlled growth for patterned pores of size ≈600 nm; however, many-coupled branched NCs with hexagonal shape are formed when a patterned pore size of ≈200 nm is used. X-ray diffraction data is in agreement with the observed morphology. A mechanism is proposed to interpret the observed site-specific oriented/branched growth that is correlated to the pore size. As ordered NC arrays have the potential to generate new collective properties different from single NCs, our first demonstration of a cost effective and facile fabrication process opens up new possibilities for devices with versatile functionalities.

scholarly journals Improved strategy for isoleucine 1H/13C methyl labeling in Pichia pastoris

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Ali ◽  
Lindsay D. Clark ◽  
Jacob A. Zahm ◽  
Andrew Lemoff ◽  
Karthik Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Methyl Labeling ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Site specific methyl labeling combined with methyl TROSY offers a powerful NMR approach to study structure and dynamics of proteins and protein complexes of high molecular weight. Robust and cost-effective methods have been developed for site specific protein 1H/13C methyl labeling in an otherwise deuterated background in bacteria. However, bacterial systems are not suitable for expression and isotope labeling of many eukaryotic and membrane proteins. The yeast Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) is a commonly used host for expression of eukaryotic proteins, and site-specific methyl labeling of perdeuterated eukaryotic proteins has recently been achieved with this system. However, the practical utility of methyl labeling and deuteration in P. pastoris is limited by high costs. Here, we describe an improved method for 1H/13C-labeling of the δ-methyl group of isoleucine residues in a perdeuterated background, which reduces the cost by ≥ 50% without compromising the efficiency of isotope enrichment. We have successfully implemented this method to label actin and a G-protein coupled receptor. Our approach will facilitate studies of the structure and dynamics of eukaryotic proteins by NMR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Real-time structural health monitoring for concrete beams: a cost-effective ‘Industry 4.0’ solution using piezo sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arka Ghosh ◽  
David John Edwards ◽  
M. Reza Hosseini ◽  
Riyadh Al-Ameri ◽  
Jemal Abawajy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Non Destructive

PurposeThis research paper adopts the fundamental tenets of advanced technologies in industry 4.0 to monitor the structural health of concrete beam members using cost-effective non-destructive technologies. In so doing, the work illustrates how a coalescence of low-cost digital technologies can seamlessly integrate to solve practical construction problems.Design/methodology/approachA mixed philosophies epistemological design is adopted to implement the empirical quantitative analysis of “real-time” data collected via sensor-based technologies streamed through a Raspberry Pi and uploaded onto a cloud-based system. Data was analysed using a hybrid approach that combined both vibration-characteristic-based method and linear variable differential transducers (LVDT).FindingsThe research utilises a novel digital research approach for accurately detecting and recording the localisation of structural cracks in concrete beams. This non-destructive low-cost approach was shown to perform with a high degree of accuracy and precision, as verified by the LVDT measurements. This research is testament to the fact that as technological advancements progress at an exponential rate, the cost of implementation continues to reduce to produce higher-accuracy “mass-market” solutions for industry practitioners.Originality/valueAccurate structural health monitoring of concrete structures necessitates expensive equipment, complex signal processing and skilled operator. The concrete industry is in dire need of a simple but reliable technique that can reduce the testing time, cost and complexity of maintenance of structures. This was the first experiment of its kind that seeks to develop an unconventional approach to solve the maintenance problem associated with concrete structures. This study merges industry 4.0 digital technologies with a novel low-cost and automated hybrid analysis for real-time structural health monitoring of concrete beams by fusing several multidisciplinary approaches into one integral technological configuration.

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