scholarly journals Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiko Shimomura ◽  
Akane Yumoto ◽  
Naoko Ota-Murakami ◽  
Takashi Kudo ◽  
Masaki Shirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Space Experiment ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Mouse Behavior ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Gravity Changes ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Active Interval

AbstractMany experiments have analyzed the effect of the space environment on various organisms. However, except for the group-rearing of mice in space, there has been little information on the behavior of organisms in response to gravity changes. In this study, we developed a simple Active Inactive Separation (AIS) method to extract activity and inactivity in videos obtained from the habitat cage unit of a space experiment. This method yields an activity ratio as a ratio of ‘activity’ within the whole. Adaptation to different gravitational conditions from 1g to hypergravity (HG) and from microgravity (MG) to artificial 1g (AG) was analyzed based on the amount of activity to calculate the activity ratio and the active interval. The result for the activity ratios for the ground control experiment using AIS were close to previous studies, so the effectiveness of this method was indicated. In the case of changes in gravity from 1g to HG, the ratio was low at the start of centrifugation, recovered sharply in the first week, and entered a stable period in another week. The trend in the AG and HG was the same; adapting to different gravity environments takes time.

scholarly journals Autonomous Recovery from Spacecraft Plan Failures by Regulatory Repair While Retaining Operability

Aerospace ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Siyao Lu ◽  
Zhaoyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Execution Plan ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Autonomous Recovery ◽  
Partial Execution

Pre-designed spacecraft plans suffer from failure due to the uncertain space environment. In this case, instead of spending a long time waiting for ground control to upload a feasible plan in order to achieve the mission goals, the spacecraft could repair the failed plan while executing another part of the plan. This paper proposes a method called Isolation and Repair Plan Failures (IRPF) for a spaceship with durable, concurrent, and resource-dependent actions. To enable the spacecraft to perform some actions when a plan fails, IRPF separates all defective actions from executable actions in the pre-designed plan according to causal analysis between the failure state and the established plan. Then, to address the competition between operation and repair during the partial execution of the plan, IRPF sets up several regulatory factors associated with the search process for a solution, and then repairs the broken plan within the limits of these factors. Experiments were carried out in simulations of a satellite and a multi-rover system. The results demonstrate that, compared with replanning and other plan-repair methods, IRPF creates an execution plan more quickly and searches for a recovery plan with fewer explored state nodes in a shorter period of time.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Analysis of Working Capital on MSME Handycraft

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Laras Nada Wahyu Atika ◽  
Agus Sukoco
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Activity Ratios

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of working capital management in MSME Rozatajaya Souvenir in Sidoarjo through the analysis of liquidity and activity ratios. The research method is using descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from financial transaction records for two semesters of 2018. The results of this study found that the average Liquidity Ratio was very good which included Current Ratio of 3.02, Quick Ratio of 2.93 and Cash Ratio of 2.25. The effectiveness of working capital using the Activity Ratio was considered less effective including the average Working Capital Turnover of 1.23, Receivable Turnover of 4.22 and Turnover Inventory of 14.95 times. The findings of this study, working capital is very necessary for business operations, however, management of working capital is still not effective so it requires a strategy to increase the effectiveness of working capital in business development.

Modulation by adrenalectomy and fasting of insulin effects in perfused hindlimb muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. E323-E329
Author(s):  
H. Shikama ◽  
D. T. Chu ◽  
J. H. Exton
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Hexose Transport ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Maximal Activation ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Perfused hindlimb muscle from fed adrenalectomized rats accumulated more 2-deoxyglucose at submaximal concentrations of insulin in comparison to muscle from fed normal rats. However, in the fasted state, insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake was largely inhibited by adrenalectomy. Basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake did not differ between fed and fasted normal or adrenalectomized rats. The changes in insulin effects caused by adrenalectomy were due to altered hexose transport as shown by measurements of 3-O-methylglucose uptake and of intracellular free and phosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose. Muscles of fasted normal and fed or fasted adrenalectomized rats showed higher basal glycogen synthase --glucose-6-P/+glucose-6-P activity ratios than those of fed normal rats probably because of decreased glycogen content. However, muscles from fed or fasted adrenalectomized rats did not show any alterations in insulin effects on the activity ratio and half-maximal activation constant (A0.5) for glucose-6-P of glycogen synthase. Because of the dissociation of the effects of insulin on hexose transport and glycogen synthase in muscle of fasted adrenalectomized rats, it is concluded that the impairment in insulin-stimulated hexose transport in these animals is due to a defect lying beyond the interaction of insulin with its receptor.

scholarly journals Nanosatellites for Biology in Space: In Situ Measurement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Germination and Growth after 6 Months in Low Earth Orbit on the O/OREOS Mission

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Nicholson ◽  
Antonio J. Ricco
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Control Samples

We report here complete 6-month results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment. The world’s first and only long-duration live-biology cubesat experiment, SESLO was executed by one of two 10-cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5-kg O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) free-flying nanosatellite, which launched to a 72°-inclination, 650-km Earth orbit in 2010. The SESLO experiment measured the long-term survival, germination, metabolic, and growth responses of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to microgravity and ionizing radiation including heavy-ion bombardment. A pair of radiation dosimeters (RadFETs, i.e., radiation-sensitive field-effect transistors) within the SESLO payload provided an in-situ dose rate estimate of 6–7.6 mGy/day throughout the mission. Microwells containing samples of dried spores of a wild-type B. subtilis strain and a radiation-sensitive mutant deficient in Non-Homologoous End Joining (NHEJ) were rehydrated after 14, 91, and 181 days in space with nutrient medium containing with the redox dye alamarBlue (aB), which changes color upon reaction with cellular metabolites. Three-color transmitted light intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each 24-hour growth experiment. At 14 and 91 days, spaceflight samples germinated, grew, and metabolized significantly more slowly than matching ground-control samples, as measured both by aB reduction and optical density changes; these rate differences notwithstanding, the final optical density attained was the same in both flight and ground samples. After 181 days in space, spore germination and growth appeared hindered and abnormal. We attribute the differences not to an effect of the space environment per se, as both spaceflight and ground-control samples exhibited the same behavior, but to a pair of ~15-day thermal excursions, after the 91-day measurement and before the 181-day experiment, that peaked above 46 °C in the SESLO payload. Because the payload hardware operated nominally at 181 days, the growth issues point to heat damage, most likely to component(s) of the growth medium (RPMI 1640 containing aB) or to biocompatibility issues caused by heat-accelerated outgassing or leaching of harmful compounds from components of the SESLO hardware and electronics.

Cation activity ratios in the soil solution and availability of potassium to rice in a submerged soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Pasricha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Submerged Soil ◽  
Simple Activity

SUMMARYThe activity ratios of potassium in dynamic equilibrium with a submerged soil planted with rice were determined fortnightly for 10 weeks. The simple activity ratio, aK(aCa + aMg)-1, and the modified activity ratio to include the activity functions of Fe2+ and Mn2+ as aK/(aCa+ aMg)½ + B(aFe)½ + C(aMn)½, gave linear relationships when plotted against the change in exchangeable K content of the soil. The modified activity ratio of potassium correlated better with potassium concentration (r = 0·91) in and potassium uptake (r = 0·84) by rice than the simple activity ratio (r = 0·86 and 0·81 respectively).Submergence for 6 weeks almost doubled the potential buffering capacity of potassium, PBCK, showing that the submerged soil sustained a low level of potassium in the soil solution for a long time.A negative intercept of the plot of equilibrium labile K, Kel, on the ‘quantity’ axis, against the modified activity ratio showed that there is some non-labile K which equilibrates with the soil solution during growth. The value of this intercept (3·40 mequiv/kg soil) is a measure of non-labile K.

scholarly journals Radioactive equilibria and disequilibria of U-series nuclides in the products from Izu arc volcanoes, Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Y. Kurihara ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
J. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Basaltic Magma ◽  
Radioactive Equilibrium ◽  
Rhyolitic Magma ◽  
Arc Volcanism ◽  
Magma Genesis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Subducting Slab

Abstract Activity ratios among 238U-230Th-226Ra in the products from Izu arc volcanoes, Japan, were observed in order to estimate the time scale of magmatic processes and the magma generation for Izu arc volcanism. Activity ratios of 238U/230Th and 226Ra/230Th in the basaltic and andesitic products from Izu arc volcanoes were greater than unity, being enriched in 238U and 226Ra relative to 230Th. The 226Ra/230Th activity ratio versus 238U/230Th activity ratio diagram for these products showed positive correlation, suggesting that the 238U-230Th-226Ra disequilibria occurred during the magma genesis by the additions of U- and Ra-rich fluids derived from the subducting slab by dehydration to the mantle wedge. The 230Th-226Ra radioactive disequilibria observed in the basaltic and andesitic products imply a short period of time (<8000 years) between the magma genesis and the eruption. The majority of rhyolitic products was considered to be almost in equilibrium of 238U=230Th=226Ra. The observation that 238U-230Th-226Ra for the rhyolite are in radioactive equilibrium suggested that the rhyolitic magma from Izu arc was generated in the partial melting of the earth crust heated by the basaltic magma of high temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of Activity Ratio to The Performance of Financial Statement of Badan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Prof. Sultan ◽  
Teddy Oswari
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Model Approach

In this study, the writer will analyze the influence of activity ratios on the performance of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Agency's financial statements with the linear regression model approach. In this research, the author uses the measurement method of Standard Deviation, Historical Simulation and Variance Covariance approaches . The time span used in this research is from 2014 to 2018. This study is to find out how much influence the ratio of activity to return on assets on the BPJS ketenagakerjaan.

scholarly journals Art & Technology: a Maker Space Experiment for Children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Giannis
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Space Experiment ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Simple Task

What can primary school children learn from the simple task of dismantling everyday electronics in an informal maker space environment? Can this type of activity be utilized to engage children in STEM related learning? Can what practitioners in the art/science nexus have learnt over many years be leveraged to enhance student engagement in STEM activities? This paper is a report on a simple experiment and its outcomes conducted in a trial maker space at a Melbourne primary school.

Chronologie Th/U des concrétions calcaires des varves du lac glaciaire de Deschaillons (Wisconsinien inférieur)

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Hillaire-Marcel ◽  
Christiane Causse
Keyword(s):  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Detrital Particles

Late Pleistocene Lake Deschaillons varves from the central St. Lawrence Lowlands represent a lithostratigraphic unit whose upper limit is defined by the overlying Gentilly Till, which was laid down during the last Laurentide Ice advance over the area. Calcareous concretions are imbedded in the varves. These concretions reflect two distinct phases of CaCO3 precipitation. The first phase was during the early diagenesis of the interstitial organic matter. This phase is characterized by high uranium contents (~ 8 μg∙g−1), low carbon- and oxygen-isotope composition (−22 > δ13C > −24‰, −16 > δ18O > −9‰, vs. PDB), and 14C activities lower than 3% (vs. 13.56 dpm∙g−1). The second phase of CaCO3 precipitation occurred during postglacial times, as shown by the higher 14C activity (~30%) and stable-isotope composition (δ13C > −16‰; δ18O > −9‰). No significant U uptake was observed in the corresponding concretions. Th and U activity ratios were determined. The results allow evaluation of the analytical artefacts resulting from partial leaching of the detrital particles incorporated in the concretions by the weak acid treatment used to solubilize calcite. Since the early diagenetic concretions contain a significant but variable detrital fraction, 230Th/232Th and 234U/232Th isochrons from activity ratios measured in several samples are not representative of the age of the carbonate fraction. Isochrons from activity ratios of leachate and residue from individual samples yield, however, a reproducible slope (mean value: 0.52 ± 0.01) representative of the 230Th/234U activity ratio of the pure carbonate fraction. An age of 79 800 ± 1400 years is calculated for the relevant phase of CaCO3 precipitation. It is considered, within a few hundred years, the age of the Lake Deschaillons episode, which would therefore correspond to the first Wisconsinian ice advance in southern Quebec, at the transition between isotopic stages 5a and 4 of the oceanic 18O stratigraphy.

Activity Ratios of Lyate Ions in the Water-Alcohol Mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Pavelek ◽  
Jiří Mollin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Alcohol

A new method for calculating the activity ratio of lyate ions in the water-alcohol mixtures is proposed on the basis of utilizing the linear relations between the Gibbs energies of ion transfer. The results for the water-methanol, -ethanol, and -2-propanol systems are compared with literature data. At the same time, the individual ionic products of water and alcohol in their mixtures were calculated. The accuracy of the method depends on the accuracy of experimental determination of the Gibbs energies of electrolyte transfer and of ionic products in mixed solvents.

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