Autonomous Recovery from Spacecraft Plan Failures by Regulatory Repair While Retaining Operability

Pre-designed spacecraft plans suffer from failure due to the uncertain space environment. In this case, instead of spending a long time waiting for ground control to upload a feasible plan in order to achieve the mission goals, the spacecraft could repair the failed plan while executing another part of the plan. This paper proposes a method called Isolation and Repair Plan Failures (IRPF) for a spaceship with durable, concurrent, and resource-dependent actions. To enable the spacecraft to perform some actions when a plan fails, IRPF separates all defective actions from executable actions in the pre-designed plan according to causal analysis between the failure state and the established plan. Then, to address the competition between operation and repair during the partial execution of the plan, IRPF sets up several regulatory factors associated with the search process for a solution, and then repairs the broken plan within the limits of these factors. Experiments were carried out in simulations of a satellite and a multi-rover system. The results demonstrate that, compared with replanning and other plan-repair methods, IRPF creates an execution plan more quickly and searches for a recovery plan with fewer explored state nodes in a shorter period of time.

E-Government of Occupational Safety and Health

Electronic government (e-gov) has not been implemented as extensively in many developing countries as in developed countries, especially in certain fields, such as occupational safety and health (OSH). This chapter considers e-gov that is effected through the websites of leading OSH bodies in a developing country, Trinidad and Tobago, and two developed nations, the USA and UK. Using a content analysis and comparison exercise, OSH e-gov shortcomings and opportunities in T&T are noted. Improvement recommendations include development of a strategy and strategy execution plan to boost stakeholder recognition of the value of the OSH agency and OSH e-gov in T&T; partnership-building to make resources available for OSH e-gov enhancement; enhanced accessibility and utility via a wider range of media formats to users; better stakeholder responsiveness via engagement with social media and better online support; and increased data collection and analysis in order to drive continual improvement.

Assessing the Duration of the Lead Appointed Party Coordination Tasks and Evaluating the Appropriate Team Composition on BIM Projects

This paper addresses critical success factors for the delivery of BIM projects. The lack of experience with BIM projects on both the demand and supply side often leads to insufficient project teams, unsatisfied clients, schedule, and cost overruns. In order to better structure and control the information delivery in BIM projects requirements, planning and delivery must be standardized. The latter was achieved by EIR (Exchange Information Requirements), new BIM roles, BEP (BIM Execution Plan), and specified digital handover, which must be supported by a common data environment (CDE). This paper provides an analysis of the characteristics of BIM project delivery and duration in Architectural and Engineering companies in Slovakia. The analysis is based on the web survey of BIM managers and coordinators, which reveals that a significant amount of BIM project efforts must be executed by BIM specialists. The results also graphically depict the scope of critical BIM activities across project phases. The presented study is relevant for various project stakeholders and allows for a deeper understanding of the resources needed for the successful delivery of BIM projects in terms of adequate project team capacity, capability, organization, and planning.

Annual Work Plan Execution Performance Using an Automated Production Forecast Tool

Shaya Consortium ramped up its production from 60 KBOPD to almost 85 KBOPD as a result of an agile execution of its Field Development Plan, made of infill drilling, workover interventions, and full-field expansion of waterflooding. This combined activity made the planning process very complex and dynamic due to the high volume of operations and scenario evaluation. Additionally, the consortium was requested to provide a weekly production forecast to its major stakeholders highlighting all deviations from the original execution plan and remedial activities to come back on track. The proposed application tool has simplified and automated the forecasting processes using short-term updates of the executed activities from field reports, current well status, planned workover interventions, and new wells drilling schedule. Any deviation of the Annual Work Plan due to schedule variance or well performance is automatically adjusted by the tool, creating a new forecast to End-Of-Year or Quarter even Weekly, thus, reflecting the impact on the estimated recoverable volumes. The tool pulls information from different sources and consolidates them in a single unified environment, not only for forecasting but also as a visualization and analysis tool. Furthermore, it has several modules to facilitate the control of official type curves, scenario profiles for the Annual Work Plan, and it is fully linked to key corporate applications. This paper presents the development of a production forecasting tool that introduced a new way of working within the Shaya Production Team by improving activity scheduling and overcome underperforming new wells, keeping the operations team informed to facilitate the production management.

Making Sense of Multi-Actor Social Collaboration in Building Information Modelling Level 2 Projects: A Case in Malaysia

Despite the diversity of thinking among the scholars on building information modelling (BIM) collaboration, there is a paucity of studies that capture the dimension of social collaboration in BIM projects. This study attempts to develop a comprehensive understanding on the key attributes of multi-actor social collaboration in BIM projects through the experience of practitioners in BIM-Level 2 construction project. The success of multi-actor social collaboration has been investigated through structured interviews with 22 BIM practitioners in a BIM-Level 2 project based on an established theoretical framework of social collaboration. The findings indicted that relationship-oriented attributes; relational contracts BIM execution plan; guideline, standard and work process manual approaches; employer information requirement (EIR); understanding roles and leadership; commitment from top management; resources; training, team building workshop and awareness program; coordination; and understanding on the theoretical knowledge of BIM are of importance towards multi-actor social BIM collaboration. This study acknowledges that the success of multi-actor social collaboration was influenced by the consolidation of many attributes, and it extends the dominant relationship between related attributes for multi-actor social collaboration based on the "best practice approach", which includes dominant-centric attributes (i.e., behaviour formation, procurement model and support principles). This research contributes to the body of BIM knowledge in the construction domain by focusing on what it takes to achieve greater social collaboration in BIM Level 2 projects.

Malaysia's First Successful Implementation of Sand Consolidation Technology as a Primary Sand Control Method Executed during the Drilling Phase: Success Story and Lessons Learned

Field A is a mature hydrocarbon-producing field located in eastern Malaysia that began producing in 1968. Comprised of multistacked reservoirs at heights ranging from 4,000 to 8,000 ft, they are predominantly unconsolidated, requiring sand exclusion from the start. Most wells in this field were completed using internal gravel packing (IGP) of the main reservoir, and particularly in shallower reservoirs. With these shallower reservoirs continuously targeted as good potential candidates, identifying a sustainable sand control solution is essential. Conventional sand control methods, namely IGP, are normally a primary choice for completion; however, this method can be costly, which requires justification during challenging economic times. To combat these challenges, a sand consolidation system using resin was selected as a primary completion method, opposed to a conventional IGP system. Chemical sand consolidation treatments provide in situ sand influx control by treating the incompetent formation around the wellbore itself. The initial plan was to perform sand consolidation followed by a screenless fracturing treatment; however, upon drilling the targeted zone and observing its proximity to a water zone, fracturing was stopped. With three of eight zones in this well requiring sand control, a pinpoint solution was delivered in stages by means of a pump through with a packer system [retrievable test treat squeeze (RTTS)] at the highest possible accuracy, thus ensuring treatment placement efficiency. The zones were also distanced from one another, requiring zonal isolation (i.e., mechanical isolation, such as bridge plugs, was not an option) as treatments were deployed. While there was a major challenge in terms of mobilization planning to complete this well during the peak of a movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia, optimal operations lead to a long-term sand control solution. Well unloading and test results upon well completion provided excellent results, highlighting good production rates with zero sand production. The groundwork processes of candidate identification down to the execution of sand consolidation and temporary isolation between zones are discussed. Technology is compared in terms of resin fluid system types. Laboratory testing on the core samples illustrates how the chemical consolidation process physically manifests. This is used to substantiate the field designs, execution plan, initial results, follow-up, lessons learned, and best practices used to maximize the life of a sand-free producer well. This success story illustrates potential opportunity in using sand consolidation as a primary method in the future.

Pilot Application of a Novel Nano-Clay Relative Permeability Modifier in a Mature Malaysian Offshore Oilfield

Excessive water production associated with a decrease in hydrocarbon production is becoming a big challenge in matured offshore fields. Producing a barrel of water requires more energy that creates major economic impact on the profitability of an oil-field project. This paper presents a case study for water shut off treatment with a novel relative permeability modifier (RPM) (nano-clay). The nano-clay demonstrated high resistance to water flow (RRFw >10) and less effect to oil flow (RRFo <5) and capable to change the rock surface's wettability to more water wet. The main pilot objective was to assess the chemicals performance as part of production enhancement effort to reduce the water production from 90% to 50% water cut and to accelerate the oil production. We discussed the overall workflow, pilot execution, challenges and best practices including the laboratory results with the reference during research and development stage. The well treatment consists of bull-heading a pill of pre-flush of treated sea water for injectivity test, followed by nano-clay injection, post-flush with treated sea water, soaking for 48 hours and flow back the well. Pilot execution was completed successfully and safely within the target execution plan and are currently in monitoring stage. The post-treatment results and the overall economic success will then decide the future replication plan of this new water shut off technology.

Building Information Modelling Execution Plan (BEP): A Comparison of Global Practice

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process supported by technologies involving the development and management of 3D digital information model representations of functional and physical of the design. To implement BIM in a project, BIM Implementation Plan or BIM Execution Plan (BEP) needs to be developed as a planning and monitoring strategy document. Several BEPs have been developed around the world since 2010. However, a BEP should be tailored to the type of project, stakeholder requirement, and project objectives because a comprehensive BEP is a key factor for BIM implementation success. Also, a proper BEP helps stakeholders understand and achieve the underlying objectives in using BIM. In other words, understanding the strategic framework of BEPs is important. Hence, this study identifies and compares the key elements in existing BEPs. To accomplish that aim, twenty BEPs were identified and analysed. This study provides a benchmarked reference for industry players on existing BEPs. Through a clear description, all parties can understand the project objectives, work process, roles and responsibilities, information need and deliverables requirements in a BEP. Researchers can use the findings for further development and improvement of existing BEPs. Understanding BEPs will ensure better BIM implementation in practice.

A Study on the Condition and Direction for the Improvement of the Curriculum of General Education －Focused on the Case of I University

The objective of this study is to explore the conditions and direction that should be closely reviewed in the process of reorganizing the curriculum for general education. In particular, this study concentrated on the establishment of a detailed execution plan and the macroscopic direction of general education. It did so by exploring the practical logic and theoretical perspective for reorganizing the curriculum for general education when the accountability of general education is to be emphasized. For this, this study explored the theoretical background for the reorganization of the curriculum focusing on the foundation, structure, and contents of the curriculum for general education. It also diagnosed some domestic and foreign cases of reorganizing the curriculum for general education, and the curriculum for general education of I university in regards to its foundation, structure, and contents. It then secured the argument for the validity of the reorganization of the curriculum for general education of I university focusing on the results drawn through both the theoretical and case research. This study established the goal and objectives found in the general education of I university regarding the foundation of its curriculum for general education, and attempted the reorganization of basic and core general education when it came to its structure and its contents. In conclusion, this study presented the professors’ responsible educational activities, the administrative support for the qualitative improvement of general education, and the establishment of the evaluation system of the curriculum for general education. Having done so, we have pointed out the measures we need to take in order to offer a more stable and settled general education curriculum.