scholarly journals Bsep expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-yu Zhang ◽  
Jie-ping Wang ◽  
Kai He ◽  
Xian-ming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Hilar Bile Duct ◽  
Operation Group ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractDevelop a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma for detecting bile salt export pump (Bsep) expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues, in order to provide a new therapeutic target for the gene therapy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Sixty male Wistar rats (body weight, 190 ± 8 g) were randomly divided into three groups (the experimental group, the control group and the sham operation group, n = 20 each) as follows: The three groups were fed a standard diet, the experimental group was injected by cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell suspension along the hilar bile duct into the bile duct bifurcation with microsyringe, the control group was injected by normal saline, the sham operation group did not inject anything. Every day assess the rats’ mental state, diet, and motion by using Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan and combined behavioral score. At 4 weeks, one rat of the experimental group was sacrificed after it was administered anesthesia, and we recorded changes in hilar bile duct size, texture, and form. This procedure was repeated at 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, hilar cholangiocarcinoma developed only in the experimental group, thereby establishing an experimental model for studying QBC939-induced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Tumor formation was confirmed by pathological examination, and hilar bile duct tissues were harvested from both the groups. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and an immunohistochemical assay were used to analyze the expression of Bsep in hilar bile duct tissues of each group. From the second week, the rats in experimental group began to eat less, and their body mass decreased compared with control group and sham operation group. After 6 weeks, we detected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the hilar bile duct tissues of 18 rats (90%) in the experimental group. In the experimental group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, we found that the levels of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were higher compared with those in the control group and sham operation group. Simultaneously, muddy stones emerged from the bile ducts of rats in the experimental group. The Bsep/Gapdh mRNA ratio in hilar cholangiocarcinoma, control group and sham operation group differed markedly. Light microscopy revealed a granular pattern of Bsep protein expression which reacted with the anti-Bsep antibody. Each section was randomly divided into six regions, with 80 cells were observed in every region. Sections with > 10% positive cells were designated positive, Sections with < 10% positive cells were designated negative. Each group included 4800 cells. In the experimental group, 1200 cells (25%) were positive, in the control group, 3648 cells (76%) were positive and in the sham operation group 3598 cells (75%) were positive, and this difference was statistically significant. Bsep expression significantly decreased in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of rats than those in control group and sham operation group, suggesting that drugs targeting Bsep are a new strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals FXR expression in a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-yu Zhang ◽  
Jie-ping Wang ◽  
Kai he ◽  
Xian-ming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hilar Bile Duct ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: To develop a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and detect Farnesyl X receptor (FXR) expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues of this model, in order to provide a new method for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods: Forty male Wistar rats (body weight, 185 ± 5 g) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20 each) as follows: The control group was fed a standard diet, and the experimental group was injected by cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell suspension along the hilar bile duct into the bile duct bifurcation with microsyringe. Every day note the rats’ mental state, diet, and fur condition. At 4 weeks, one rat of the experimental group was sacrificed, and we recorded changes in hilar bile duct size, texture, and form. This procedure was repeated at 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, hilar cholangiocarcinoma developed only in the experimental group, thereby establishing an experimental model for studying QBC939-induced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Tumor formation was confirmed by pathological examination, and hilar bile duct tissues were harvested from both the groups. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and an immunohistochemical assay were used to analyze the expression of FXR in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal hilar bile duct tissues.Results: From the second week, the rats in experimental group began to eat less, and their body mass decreased compared with controls. After 6 weeks, we detected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 17 rats (85%) in the experimental group. In the experimental group, we found that the levels of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were higher compared with those of the control group. Simultaneously, muddy stones emerged from the bile ducts of rats in the experimental group. The FXR/Gapdh mRNA ratio in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal hilar bile duct tissues differed markedly. Light microscopy revealed a granular pattern of FXR expression which reacted with the anti-FXR antibody. Each section was randomly divided into six regions, with 80 cells were observed in every region. Sections with >10% positive cells were designated positive,Sections with <10% positive cells were designated negative. Each group included 4,800 cells. In the experimental group, 1,196 cells (24.9%) were positive and 3,538 cells (73.7%) were positive in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: FXR expression significantly decreased in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of rats than in those of controls, suggesting that drugs targeting FXR may be a new strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals FXR expression in a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-yu Zhang ◽  
Jie-ping Wang ◽  
Kai he ◽  
Xian-ming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hilar Bile Duct ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract AIM: To develop a rat model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and detect Farnesyl X receptor (FXR) expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues of this model, in order to provide a new method for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats (body weight, 185 ± 5 g) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20 each) as follows: The control group was fed a standard diet, and the experimental group was injected by cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell suspension along the hilar bile duct into the bile duct bifurcation with microsyringe. Every day note the rats’ mental state, diet, and fur condition. At 4 weeks, one rat of the experimental group was sacrificed after it was administered anesthesia, and we recorded changes in hilar bile duct size, texture, and form. This procedure was repeated at 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, , hilar cholangiocarcinoma developed only in the experimental group, thereby establishing an experimental model for studying QBC939-induced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Tumor formation was confirmed by pathological examination, and hilar bile duct tissues were harvested from both the groups. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and an immunohistochemical assay were used to analyze the expression of FXR in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal hilar bile duct tissues. RESULTS: From the second week, the rats in experimental group began to eat less, and their body mass decreased compared with controls. After 6 weeks, we detected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 17 rats (85%) in the experimental group. In the experimental group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, we found that the levels of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were higher compared with those of the control group. Simultaneously, muddy stones emerged from the bile ducts of rats in the experimental group. The FXR /Gapdh mRNA ratio in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal hilar bile duct tissues differed markedly (16 and 35, respectively). Light microscopy revealed a granular pattern of FXR expression which reacted with the anti- FXR antibody. Each section was randomly divided into six regions, with 80 cells were observed in every region. Sections with >10% positive cells were designated positive, Sections with <10% positive cells were designated negative. Each group included 4,800 cells. In the experimental group, 1,196 cells (24.9%) were positive and 3,538 cells (73.7%) were positive in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.35, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FXR expression significantly decreased in hilar cholangiocarcinoma of rats than in those of controls, suggesting that drugs targeting FXR may be a new strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Combining Anisodamine With Neostigmine on Local Scar Formation Following Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in a Novel Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-cheng Lyu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Wen-li Xu ◽  
Han-xuan Wang ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sham Operation Group

Background: The present study aimed to explore the potential effect of combining anisodamine with neostigmine on local scar formation following Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (RCJS) in a novel rat model.Methods: The biliary obstruction model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was established in advance, and 54 rats were divided into nine groups randomly (sham operation group, anisodamine group, neostigmine group, combination group, and control group). Anisodamine (25 mg/kg) and neostigmine (50 μg/kg) were injected to the abdominal cavity separately or simultaneously for 1 week since the first day after surgery according to their allocated intervention, while the same amount of saline (0.5 ml) was injected intraperitoneally in the control group. Indexes including body weight, the diameter of the common bile duct, liver function, inflammatory indexes, and the condition of scar formation in different groups at certain time were evaluated in our study.Results: Recovery of liver function (ALT, AST, TB, DB, and GGT) and systematic inflammation indexes (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the combination group was prior to that in the control group (p &lt; 0.05), while no statistical difference in the serum level of IL-10 was observed among groups. Rats in the combination group represented a wider anastomotic diameter and lower expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 at anastomotic stoma compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Histopathological staining showed slighter proliferation of collagen and smooth muscle fibers in rats’ bile duct wall and less local scar formation at anastomotic stoma compared to the control group.Conclusion: The combination of anisodamine and neostigmine can alleviate local and systemic inflammatory response, promote the recovery of liver function, and reduce scar formation in rats after the RCJS procedure.

Changes in adiponectin expression in acute myocardial infarction rats and the significance of bisoprolol intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Ben He ◽  
Steven Goldstein ◽  
Junbo Ge ◽  
Zuyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group

The aims of this study were to explore the changes in expression of myocardial adiponectin (APN), changes in serum APN, and the significance of bisoprolol intervention in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats. An AMI rat model was established for the purposes of this study and was used for analysis of serum APN as determined by ELISA. Changes in expression of myocardial APN mRNA and APN protein in AMI rats were determined via reverse transcriptase (RT)–PCR and immunohistochemistry. Serum APN concentration and APN protein expression of the myocardium decreased significantly in the AMI groups compared with the sham operation group, with the lowest serum APN and APN protein expression on day 7 after AMI. On days 7 and 10 after AMI, the expression of myocardial APN mRNA in the AMI groups decreased significantly compared with the sham operation group. However, the APN mRNA increased on day 10 compared with that on day 7. Notably, there was an increase in levels of serum APN and myocardial APN expression after bisoprolol intervention. The expression of myocardial APN and serum APN decreased in AMI rats. APN may be an important protective factor against AMI. Bisoprolol can also protect against AMI because it increases APN expression.

scholarly journals Effects of unilateral/bilateral amputation of the ischiocavernosus muscle in male rats on erectile function and conception

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengren Gou ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Zongping Chen ◽  
Zidong Zhou ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Function ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Ischiocavernosus Muscle ◽  
Operation Group ◽  
Paired Female

Abstract Background The ischiocavernosus muscle (ICM) encompasses a pair of short pinnate muscles attached to the pelvic ring. The ICM begins at the ischial tuberosity and ends at the crus of the penis while covering the surface of the crus. According to the traditional view, the contraction of the ICM plays an auxiliary role in penile erection. However, we have previously shown that the ICM plays an important role in penile erection through an indirect method of diagnosing erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by ICM injury by observing the infertility of paired female rats. Since intracavernosal pressure (ICP) is the current gold standard for diagnosing ED, this study aimed to amputate unilaterally/bilaterally the ICM to establish an ED model by detecting the ICP, recording the infertility of matching female rats, and comparing the two methods. Results Forty sexually mature adult male rats were selected and randomly divided into the following groups: the control group (n = 10), sham operation group (n = 10), unilateral ischiocavernosus muscle (Uni-ICM) amputation group (n = 10), and bilateral ischiocavernosus muscle (Bi-ICM) amputation group (n = 10). Eighty female reproductive rats were randomly assigned to the above groups at a ratio of 2:1. We evaluated the time to conception for the paired female rats and the effects of unilateral/bilateral severing of the ICM on erectile function. The results showed that the baseline and maximum intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in the control group, sham operation group, Uni-ICM amputation group, and Bi-ICM amputation group were 17.44±2.50 mmHg and 93.51±10.78 mmHg, 17.81±2.81 mmHg and 95.07±10.40 mmHg, 16.73±2.11 mmHg and 83.49±12.38 mmHg, and 14.78±2.78 mmHg and 33.57±6.72 mmHg, respectively, immediately postsurgery. The max ICP in the Bi-ICM amputation group was lower than that in the remaining three groups (all P<0.05). The pregnancy rates were 100, 100, 90, and 0% in the control group, sham operation group, Uni-ICM amputation group, and the Bi-ICM amputation group, respectively. The pregnancy rate in the Bi-ICM amputation group was significantly lower than that in the remaining groups (all P<0.05). The time to conception was approximately 7–10 days later in the Uni-ICM amputation group than in the control and sham groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions Male rats undergoing Bi-ICM amputation may develop permanent ED, which affects their fertility. In contrast, rats undergoing Uni-ICM amputation may experience transient ED.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of VEGF Gene-Transfected BMSCs Transplantation on Thin Endometrium in the Rat Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Jing ◽  
Yan Yi ◽  
Huang Xi ◽  
Lun-Quan Sun ◽  
Li Yanping
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Thin Endometrium ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group

Objective. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has a therapeutic effect on the thin endometrium in animal researches and clinical trials. The present study aims at assessing whether transplantation of VEGF-transfected BMSCs (VEGF-BMSCs) have a better therapeutic effect on endometrial regeneration and endometrial receptivity compared with BMSCs therapy alone. Methods. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the study. Thin endometrium model was established with 95% ethanol injection into uterine. VEGF-BMSCs or BMSCs was transplanted via tail vein IV injection. Endometrial thickness, morphology, and pinopodes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The proteins and mRNAs expressions of markers for endometrial cells and endometrial receptivity were measured after treatment. The fertility testing was done to assess the embryo implantation efficiency. Results. VEGF-BMSCs transplantation significantly increased endometrial thickness compared with the BMSCs group and the control group. There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness between VEGF-BMSCs group and sham operation group. Importantly, in protein level, expressions of cytokeratin, vitamin, VEGF, LIF, and integrin ανβ3 in VEGF-BMSC group were increased dramatically compared with those of the control group and BMSC group both 4 days and 8 days after stem cells transplantation. Accordingly, mRNA expression of LIF and integrin ανβ3 was significantly upregulated compared with those of the control group and BMSC group both 4 and 8 days after treatment. The pinopodes were developed better in the VEGF-BMSCs group and the sham operation group compared with BMSCs group and the control group. The number of embryo implantation is largest in the sham operation group, followed by VEGF-BMSCs group, BMSCs group, and the control group. Conclusions. Transplantation of VEGF gene-transfected BMSCs may be a better therapeutic treatment for thin endometrium than stem cell therapy alone.

scholarly journals Lumbar Instability Induces Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Wang ◽  
Chunyu Gao ◽  
Liguo Zhu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Wu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lumbar Instability ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rat model for ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy using lumbar instability and to elucidate the etiology of LF hypertrophy. Methods: A total number of 30 male rats were used. Lumbar instability was induced by surgical resection of L5/6 posterior elements (n=15). The other rats underwent a sham operation (n=15). After 8 weeks, all rats were taken lateral plain X-rays. The LF from L5/6 in both groups were harvested to investigate histological, immunohistological, and real-time PCR analysis. Results: According to radiological results, the disc height ratio and extension ratio were larger in the rats in the experimental group than that of in the control group. The HE staining showed that the LF thickness in the experimental group significantly increased in comparison to the control group. The Masson trichrome staining showed that the ratio of elastic fibers to collagen fibers in experimental group was lower than that in the control group. The protein and gene expression of TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Col 1 were significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. Conclusion: It is the first time that lumbar instability directly induced LF hypertrophy in a reproducible rat model. Lumbar instability could lead to high expression of inflammatory and fibrotic factors in LF, causing the accumulation of collagen fibers and decreasing of elastic fibers.

The Relationship Between the Expression of Serum S100A8/A9 and the Degree of Brain Injury in Rats After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-864
Author(s):  
Yu Zeng ◽  
Hongyu Duan ◽  
Yujiang Peng ◽  
Bo Shao ◽  
Xijun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group ◽  
Brain Water

This study is to investigate the expression of serum S100A8/A9 in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its correlation with brain injury after CPR. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 6), cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (n = 24) and sham operation group (n = 6). The cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was further divided into four subgroups according to the time after recovery of autonomous circulation: 6-hour group, 12-hour group, 24-hour group and 48-hour group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was conducted by asphyxia then given cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), while the rats in the sham operation group were given tracheal intubation without asphyxia. The rats in each group were assessed by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). The vein blood from tail was collected to detect the expression of serum S100A8/A9. Then the brain tissue was taken to measure the water content. Our results showed that the neurological function of the sham-operated group and the control group was normal, the mNSS scores of which were 0. However, the neurological function score in the CPR group decreased gradually with time, but it was still significantly higher than that in the normal value until 48 hours (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in brain water content between the sham-operated group and the control group (P > 0.05). The water content of brain tissue in sham-operated group was higher than that in control group at 6 h, and the amount was increasing as the time extended. The level reached the highest at 24 h and started to decrease at 48 h, but the it was still higher than that in sham-operated group (P < 0.05). The expression level of serum S100 A8/A9 in sham-operated group was slightly higher than that in control group, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05); The expression level of S100 A8/A9 in cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was significantly higher than that in control group at 6 h, and still increased at 24 h. Although the level decreased at 48 h, but was still higher than that in sham operation group (P < 0.05). The mNSS score and brain water content were significantly positively correlated with serum S100 A8/A9 (r = 0.48, P < 0.001; r = 0.63, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the level of serum S100A8/A9 in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is significantly increased, which is positively correlated with the degree of brain injury in rats.

Effect of Ultramicro Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Cerebral Infarction in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 7305-7310
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiuting Di ◽  
Yizhou Song ◽  
Banglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Saline Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Infarction Volume ◽  
Operation Group

To investigate the effect of Feraheme (ferumoxytol) intravenous injection on cerebral infarction volume and inflammatory response in mice with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. We randomly divided 30 CS7BL6J mice into sham operated group, normal saline control group, and Feraheme group with 10 mice in each group. The model of permanent occlusion of right middle cerebral artery was made via the modified suture method in the normal saline control group and the Feraheme group. After 24 h of establishment the model, the tail vein was injected with 18 mg/kg Feraheme in the sham operation group and Feraheme group, and the normal saline control group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Neurobehavioral scores were obtained 24 h (before injection of Feraheme or normal saline) and 48 h (before MRI) after the model was established. The volume of cerebral infarction was calculated according to T2 weighted imaging. Orbital blood was collected after nodal scanning to detect serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Then, the brain tissues of mice were killed for HE staining and IBAL immunohistochemical staining. No significant differences in cerebral infarction volume and neurological function were observed between the normal saline control group and Feraheme group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the normal saline control group and Feraheme group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the normal saline control group and Feraheme group. We showed that intravenous injection of 18 mg/kg Feraheme 24 h after cerebral ischemia does not affect the infarct volume and inflammatory response, suggesting that the dose of Feraheme can be used for molecular imaging studies of inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia.

A long-term survival rat model of spinal cord ischemia injury: Thoracic aortic occlusion combined with aortic bypass circulation

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110601
Author(s):  
Cheng-yong Yin ◽  
Jun-jie Fei ◽  
Yu-yin Duan ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Aortic Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Aortic Bypass ◽  
Operation Group

Objective This study aims to investigate the methods for rat spinal cord ischemia injury models with a high long-term survival rate. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: the treatment group, the control group, and the sham operation group. The treatment group had a blocked thoracic aorta (landing zone 3 by Ishimaru – T11) + aortic bypass circulation for 20 min. In the control group, the thoracic aorta at the landing zone 3 was blocked for 20 min. In the sham operation group, only thoracotomy without thoracic aortic occlusion was performed. The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of the thoracic aorta and caudal artery before and after thoracic aortic occlusion was monitored intraoperatively. Spinal cord function was monitored by a transcranial motor evoked potential (Tc-MEP) during the operation. Spinal cord function was evaluated by the BBB scale (Basso, Beattie, & Bresnahan locomotor rating scale) scores at multiple postoperative time points. The spinal cord sections of the rats were observed for 7 days after surgery, and the survival curves were analyzed for 28 days after surgery. Results After aortic occlusion, the MABP of thoracic aorta decreased to 6% of that before occlusion, and the MABP of caudal artery decreased to 63% of that before occlusion in the treatment group. In the control group, the MABP of both thoracic aorta and caudal artery decreased to 19% of that before occlusion. The Tc-MEP waveform of the treatment group disappeared after 6 min, and that of the control group disappeared after 8 min until the end of surgery. There was no change in the Tc-MEP waveform in the sham operation group. The BBB score of the treatment group decreased more obviously than the control group, and there was a significant difference. There was no decrease in the sham group. Spinal cord sections showed a large number of degeneration and necrosis of neurons, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of surrounding glial cells in the treatment group. In the control group, multiple neurons were necrotic. The histology of the sham operation group was normal. The 28-day survival rate of the treatment group was 73.3%, which was higher than the control group (40.0%), and there was a significant difference ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Thoracic aortic occlusion combined with aortic bypass is an effective modeling method for rats with accurate modeling effects and high long-term survival rates.

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