scholarly journals Accurate spectra for high energy ions by advanced time-of-flight diamond-detector schemes in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Salvadori ◽  
F. Consoli ◽  
C. Verona ◽  
M. Cipriani ◽  
M. P. Anania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Diamond Detector ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Energy Ions

AbstractTime-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect particles accelerated in laser-plasma interactions, but they show significant limitations when used in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable levels of ElectroMagnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are generated. Here we describe a novel advanced diagnostic method for the characterization of protons accelerated by intense matter interactions with high-energy and high-intensity ultra-short laser pulses up to the femtosecond and even future attosecond range. The method employs a stacked diamond detector structure and the TOF technique, featuring high sensitivity, high resolution, high radiation hardness and high signal-to-noise ratio in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields. A detailed study on the use, the optimization and the properties of a single module of the stack is here described for an experiment where a fast diamond detector is employed in an highly EMP-polluted environment. Accurate calibrated spectra of accelerated protons are presented from an experiment with the femtosecond Flame laser (beyond 100 TW power and ~ 1019 W/cm2 intensity) interacting with thin foil targets. The results can be readily applied to the case of complex stack configurations and to more general experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Mid-infrared photoacoustic gas monitoring driven by a gas-filled hollow-core fiber laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Wang ◽  
Yuyang Feng ◽  
Abubakar I. Adamu ◽  
Manoj K. Dasa ◽  
J. E. Antonio-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Raman Fiber Laser ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Detection Technologies

AbstractDevelopment of novel mid-infrared (MIR) lasers could ultimately boost emerging detection technologies towards innovative spectroscopic and imaging solutions. Photoacoustic (PA) modality has been heralded for years as one of the most powerful detection tools enabling high signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Here, we demonstrate a novel, compact and sensitive MIR-PA system for carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring at its strongest absorption band by combining a gas-filled fiber laser and PA technology. Specifically, the PA signals were excited by a custom-made hydrogen (H2) based MIR Raman fiber laser source with a pulse energy of ⁓ 18 μJ, quantum efficiency of ⁓ 80% and peak power of ⁓ 3.9 kW. A CO2 detection limit of 605 ppbv was attained from the Allan deviation. This work constitutes an alternative method for advanced high-sensitivity gas detection.

scholarly journals Methods for Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Rat Cortical Activity With High Signal-to-Noise Ratio

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Lippert ◽  
Kentaroh Takagaki ◽  
Weifeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Jian-Young Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dye ◽  
Imaging Device

We describe methods to achieve high sensitivity in voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging from rat barrel and visual cortices in vivo with the use of a blue dye RH1691 and a high dynamic range imaging device (photodiode array). With an improved staining protocol and an off-line procedure to remove pulsation artifact, the sensitivity of VSD recording is comparable with that of local field potential recording from the same location. With this sensitivity, one can record from ∼500 individual detectors, each covering an area of cortical tissue 160 μm in diameter (total imaging field ∼4 mm in diameter) and a temporal resolution of 1,600 frames/s, without multiple-trial averaging. We can record 80–100 trials of intermittent 10-s trials from each imaging field before the VSD signal reduces to one half of its initial amplitude because of bleaching and wash-out. Taken together, the methods described in this report provide a useful tool for visualizing evoked and spontaneous waves from rodent cortex.

scholarly journals Imaging in Hard X-ray Astronomy

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Energy Processes

The energy range of hard X-rays is a key waveband to the study of high energy processes in celestial objects, but still remains poorly explored. In contrast to direct imaging methods used in the low energy X-ray and high energy gamma-ray bands, currently imaging in the hard X-ray band is mainly achieved through various modulation techniques. A new inversion technique, the direct demodulation method, has been developed since early 90s. with this technique, wide field and high resolution images can be derived from scanning data of a simple collimated detector. The feasibility of this technique has been confirmed by experiment, balloon-borne observation and analyzing simulated and real astronomical data. Based the development of methodology and instrumentation, a high energy astrophysics mission – Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) has been proposed and selected in China for a four-year Phase-A study. The main scientific objectives are a full-sky hard X-ray (20–200 keV) imaging survey and high signal-to-noise ratio timing studies of high energy sources.

A Carbon-Based DNA Framework Nano–Bio Interface for Biosensing with High Sensitivity and a High Signal-to-Noise Ratio

ACS Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3979-3987
Author(s):  
Jing Su ◽  
Wenhan Liu ◽  
Shixing Chen ◽  
Wangping Deng ◽  
Yanzhi Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals Multi-analyser detector (MAD) for high-resolution and high-energy powder X-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Alexander Schökel ◽  
Martin Etter ◽  
Andreas Berghäuser ◽  
Alexander Horst ◽  
Dirk Lindackers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
In Operando ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

For high-resolution powder diffraction in material science, high photon energies are necessary, especially for in situ and in operando experiments. For this purpose, a multi-analyser detector (MAD) was developed for the high-energy beamline P02.1 at PETRA III of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). In order to be able to adjust the detector for the high photon energies of 60 keV, an individually adjustable analyser–crystal setup was designed. The adjustment is performed via piezo stepper motors for each of the ten channels. The detector shows a low and flat background as well as a high signal-to-noise ratio. A range of standard materials were measured for characterizing the performance. Two exemplary experiments were performed to demonstrate the potential for sophisticated structural analysis with the MAD: (i) the structure of a complex material based on strontium niobate titanate and strontium niobate zirconate was determined and (ii) an in situ stroboscopy experiment with an applied electric field on a highly absorbing piezoceramic was performed. These experiments demonstrate the capabilities of the new MAD, which advances the frontiers of the structural characterization of materials.

scholarly journals A chemiluminescent protease probe for rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive detection of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Babin ◽  
Gabriela Fernandez-Cuervo ◽  
Jessica Sheng ◽  
Ori Green ◽  
Alvaro A. Ordonez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tb Diagnostics

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a top-ten cause of death worldwide. Successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities, especially at the point of care in low-resource settings. The ideal diagnostic must be fast, cheap, and require minimal clinical resources while providing high sensitivity, selectivity, and the ability to differentiate live from dead bacteria. We describe here the development of a Fast, Luminescent, and Affordable Sensor of Hip1 (FLASH) for the diagnosis and monitoring of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). FLASH is a selective chemiluminescent substrate for the Mtb protease Hip1 that when processed, produces visible light that can be measured with a high signal to noise ratio using inexpensive sensors. FLASH is sensitive to fmol of recombinant Hip1 enzyme in vitro and can detect as few as thousands of Mtb cells in culture or in human sputum samples within minutes. The probe is highly selective for Mtb compared to other non-tuberculous mycobacteria and can distinguish live from dead cells. Importantly, FLASH can be used to measure antibiotic killing of Mtb in culture with greatly accelerated timelines compared to traditional protocols. Overall, FLASH has the potential to enhance both TB diagnostics and drug resistance monitoring in resource-limited settings.One Sentence SummaryA luminescent probe enables sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and drug susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals High sensitivity fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy of 3MLCT emission of metal-organic complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 09009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Damianos Agathangelou ◽  
Thomas Roland ◽  
Olivier Crégut ◽  
Thibaud Duchanois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Weak Luminescence

We demonstrate the implementation of a broadband fluorescence up-conversion set-up with high signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range allowing for the detection of weak luminescence from triplet states in Fe(II) NHC complexes. Based on the experimentally determined radiative rates and the emission spectra, these states have dominant MLCT character.

Development of a Low Resistance Micro Electro Magnetic Distance Sensor Using High Aspect Ratio Photo Resist

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
Xianhe Ding ◽  
◽  
Katsutoshi Kuribayashi ◽  
Takao Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Thick Photoresist ◽  
Distance Sensor ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Output Characteristics

To maintain metal pipes, an electromagnetic coil is necessary as the detecting device of the eddy current change in metal due to pipe defects and as the distance sensor of the clearance between the detecting device and metal wall. This type of sensor should be thin and have a smaller diameter for detection by precise resolution and have large inductance and low electrical resistance for high sensitivity and high S/N. In this paper, for the above requirements, a new planar spiral type of coil for higher inductance, and thicker coil for reducing the electrical resistance by using ultra-thick photoresist SU-8 and Ni electroplating is proposed. Micromachining technology for the small size diameter and for automatic assembly was applied to microcoil fabrication. The Ni microcoil 300μm thick and 3mm in diameter was fabricated. The static distance characteristics and the frequency response were measured. Experiments show that the sensor of the 300μm thick coil has better output characteristics and linearity. High sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio and wide frequency response of the fabricated sensor have been measured to be 1.7v/mm, 75.6dB and 10Hz to 1000Hz, respectively, for 300μm thick coil. The position was controlled using the microcoil distance sensor.

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