Bacteria enhance the production of extracellular polymeric substances by the green dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum

AbstractHigh biomasses of the marine dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum cause green seawater discolorations along Southern Brittany (NE Atlantic, France). The viscosity associated to these phenomena has been related to problems in oyster cultivation. The harmful effect of L. chlorophorum might originate from the secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). To understand whether the EPS are produced by L. chlorophorum or its associated bacteria, or if they are a product of their interaction, batch cultures were performed under non-axenic and pseudo-axenic conditions for three strains. Maximum dinoflagellate cell abundances were observed in pseudo-axenic cultures. The non-sinking fraction of polymers (Soluble Extracellular Polymers, SEP), mainly composed of proteins and the exopolysaccharide sulphated galactan, slightly increased in pseudo-axenic cultures. The amount of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) per cell increased under non-axenic conditions. Despite the high concentrations of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) measured, viscosity did not vary. These results suggest that the L. chlorophorum-bacteria interaction could have a detrimental consequence on the dinoflagellate, translating in a negative effect on L. chlorophorum growth, as well as EPS overproduction by the dinoflagellate, at concentrations that should not affect seawater viscosity.

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Who Becomes Unhappy when Income Inequality Increases?

Applied Research in Quality of Life ◽

10.1007/s11482-020-09906-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bjorn Lous ◽

Johan Graafland

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

World Values Survey ◽

Lower Income ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Average Life ◽

Income Groups ◽

The World ◽

Negative Effect

AbstractLiterature has established that, on a macroeconomic level, income inequality has a negative effect on average life satisfaction. An unresolved question is, however, which income groups are harmed by income inequality. In this paper we investigate this relationship at the microeconomic level combining national indicators of income inequality with individual data of life satisfaction from the World Values Survey for 39 countries over a period of 25 years. Tests on moderation by income category show that the Gini coefficient is most negatively related to life satisfaction of the lowest income groups, but the negative effects also extends to other income groups. For the income share of the top 1% we find a similar result. These findings show that income inequality is especially a concern for the lower income groups, but that the harmful effect of income inequality also spillovers to the life satisfaction of other income groups.

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The Association of Maternal Thyroid Autoimmunity During Pregnancy With Child IQ

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-00743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 3729-3736 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Arash Derakhshan ◽

Tim I M Korevaar ◽

Peter N Taylor ◽

Deborah Levie ◽

Monica Guxens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Free T4 ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Maternal Thyroid ◽

Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Context Thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity is a major risk factor for gestational thyroid dysfunction. During the first 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulate the thyroid to ensure adequate thyroid hormone availability for the developing fetus. However, TPOAb-positive women have an impaired thyroidal response to hCG stimulation. Objective To study the association of maternal TPOAb positivity during pregnancy with child IQ. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was embedded in two prospective birth cohorts: Generation R (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; United Kingdom). Mother-child pairs with available data on early pregnancy TPOAb (≤18 weeks of gestation) and offspring IQ were included (n = 3637 for Generation R and n = 2396 for ALSPAC). Main Outcome Measures Child IQ at 5 to 10 years of age. Results In Generation R, TPOAb positivity was associated with a 2.0 ± 0.9-point lower mean child IQ (P = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses showed negative effect estimates already from TPOAb concentrations considerably lower than currently used manufacturer cutoffs. In ALSPAC, neither TPOAb positivity nor TPOAb concentrations below manufacturer cutoffs were associated with child IQ (TPOAb positivity: 0.7 ± 1.0; P = 0.45). Adjustment for maternal TSH or free T4 concentrations or urinary iodine/creatinine ratio did not change the results. Conclusion TPOAb positivity during pregnancy was associated with lower child IQ in Generation R but not in ALSPAC. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether differences between the study populations, such as maternal iodine status, could be the underlying cause for these differences.

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FC 068QUALITY OF LIFE OVER TIME IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN WITH ADVANCED CKD - RESULTS FROM THE EQUAL STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab122.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Chesnaye ◽

Yvette Meuleman ◽

Esther De Rooij ◽

Friedo W Dekker ◽

Marie Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Harmful Effect ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

P Value ◽

Joint Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Interaction ◽

Men And Women ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Difference ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background and Aims Differences between the sexes are apparent in the epidemiology of CKD. Cross-sectional studies show that women consistently report a poorer health-related quality of life (QoL) than men, however, longitudinal studies are lacking. Here we investigate the sex-specific evolution of QoL over time in advanced CKD. As a secondary aim, we explore the sex-specific determinants of QoL. Method EQUAL is an observational prospective cohort study in stages 4 and 5 CKD patients ≥65 years not on dialysis with an incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 20 ml/min/1.73m². Data on QoL (measured using the RAND-36), clinical and demographic patient characteristics were collected between April 2012 and September 2020. QoL trajectories were modelled by sex using linear mixed models, and joint models were applied to deal with informative censoring. We followed patients until death or dialysis initiation. Results We included 5151 QoL measurements in 1416 patients over a total of 1986 person years of follow-up. Overall, the physical component summary (PCS) declined with 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.6) points and the mental component summary (MCS) by 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.0) points per year. Although women had overall lower QoL scores, figure 1 demonstrates that PCS and MCS declined more than twice as fast in men (PCS: 2.4 per year, 95% CI 1.7 – 3.1, MCS: 2.9 per year, 95% CI 2.2 – 3.6) compared with women (PCS: 1.1 per year, 95% CI -0.2 – 2.0, MCS: 1.5 per year, 95% CI 0.5 – 2.4). We identified a non-linear interaction effect between sex and eGFR levels on QoL, demonstrating a stronger negative effect of decreased eGFR on both PCS (p=0.02) and MCS (p=0.04) in men compared with women. Subsequent adjustment for renal decline attenuated the difference in rate of QoL decline between men and women (difference after adjustment; PCS: 1.1, 95% CI -0.1 – 2.2, MCS: 1.2, 95% 0.0 – 2.3). In univariable analyses, higher serum haemoglobin was more beneficial to QoL in men compared to women (p-value for interaction; PCS: p=0.03, MCS: p=0.01). Higher serum phosphate had a strong harmful effect on both PCS and MCS in men, but not in women (PCS & MCS: p<0.001). The presence of pre-existing diabetes had a negative effect on PCS and MCS in men, but to a lesser extent in women (PCS: p=0.02, MCS: p=0.01). Conclusion Despite the higher overall QoL reported by men, both their physical and mental QoL declined approximately twice as fast compared with women. The faster decline in men was mediated in part by their lower levels of renal function, which had a stronger impact on their QoL as compared with women. Furthermore, in exploratory analyses we identified that high levels of phosphate, low levels of haemoglobin, and pre-existing diabetes were more detrimental to QoL in men than in women.

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Selection of Trichoderma spp. strains for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017001200002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 1140-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Patrícia Elias Haddad ◽

Luis Garrigós Leite ◽

Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon ◽

Ricardo Harakava

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans (Glycine max) and to perform the molecular identification of the best perfoming strains. The effect of 120 strains of Trichoderma spp. on the viability of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was evaluated in vitro through immersion in suspension of conidia from the antagonists and plating in culture medium. The best performing strains were evaluated in vivo, in a greenhouse, for control of the pathogen inoculated on 'Pintado' soybean seeds and plants. Of the 120 strains tested in vitro, 22 strains of Trichoderma spp. caused 100% inhibition of sclerotia germination. In the greenhouse, five strains inhibited the negative effect of the pathogen on seed germination and two strains increased in up to 67% plant dry matter. The best performing strains were identified as T. koningiopsis (3 strains), T. asperelloides (3), T. atroviride (2), and T. virens (1). Trichoderma strains are able to protect soybean plants from the harmful effect of S. sclerotiorum and, at the same time, they can promote the growth of the aerial part in greenhouse conditions.

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Wpływ kwasu 2-chloroetanofosfonoiuego (Ethrel) na ukorzenianie się zdrewniałych sadzonek czarnych porzeczek [Effect of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) on the rooting of the blackcurrant hardwood cuttings]

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1973.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 229-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janusz Lipecki ◽

Jan Selwa

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Inflorescence Development ◽

Complete Cessation ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations

The effect of Ethrel on root formation in the blackcurrant (cv. Blacksmith) hardwood cuttings was investigated in five different periods of the year. Low concentrations of Ethrel (up to 250 ppm) stimulated rooting, whereas higher concentrations (above 250 ppm) had a harmful effect on root formation. It is suggested that ethylene can act as a rooting promoter (when low concentrations of Ethrel were used) or as rooting inhibitor (when Ethrel was used in high concentrations). Complete cessation of the inflorescence development was observed in cuttings treated with Ethrel at 100 ppm and higher concentrations.

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Some Ecological Problems of Development of Mineral Raw Materials in Amurskaya Oblast’

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1305 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 1305-1308

Author(s):

Lyudmila Timopheevna Krupskaya ◽

Valentina Pavlovna Zvereva ◽

Oleg Olegovich Panfilov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mining Enterprise ◽

Ecological Problems ◽

Processing Wastes ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Zone Of Influence ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plant Processing ◽

Innovation Approach

The paper considers some ecological problems of the gold-mining enterprise in Amurskaya Oblast’. The investigations have revealed the technogenic pollution of the soil-grounds, air basin, and vegetation under the action of the processing wastes. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soils and vegetation in the zone of influence of the plant processing heavy concentrates at a distance of 100 and more meters. They are 2 to 90 times higher than the background values practically in all directions from the technogenic object. High TM concentrations were found also in the soils of building zone. Using the innovation approach we have elaborated the measures for decreasing the pollution negative effect on the habitat. We propose a new way of reclamation of the lands disturbed by the wastes of the mineral raw material processing with the use of the mixed bark-compost of the forest industry wastes.

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Differential Effects of Azithromycin, Doxycycline, and Cotrimoxazole in Ingested Blood on the Vectorial Capacity of Malaria Mosquitoes

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofw074 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mathilde Gendrin ◽

Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga ◽

Jean Bosco Ouedraogo ◽

Thierry Lefèvre ◽

Anna Cohuet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Meal ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Falciparum Infection ◽

Vectorial Capacity ◽

Plasmodium Infection ◽

Mosquito Survival ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Malaria Mosquitoes

Abstract Background. The gut microbiota of malaria vector mosquitoes grows after a blood meal and limits Plasmodium infection. We previously showed that penicillin and streptomycin in the ingested blood affect bacterial growth and positively impact mosquito survival and permissiveness to Plasmodium. In this study, we examine the effects of doxycycline, azithromycin, and co-trimoxazole. All 3 antibiotics are used in mass drug administration programs and have antimicrobial activities against bacteria and various stages of malaria parasites. Methods. The effects of blood meal supplementation with antibiotics on the mosquito microbiota, lifespan, and permissiveness to Plasmodium falciparum were assessed. Results. Ingestion of any of the 3 antibiotics significantly affected the mosquito microbiota. Azithromycin decreased P falciparum infection load and mosquito lifespan, whereas at high concentrations, doxycycline increased P falciparum infection load. Co-trimoxazole negatively impacted infection intensity but had no reproducible effect on mosquito lifespan. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the overall effect of antibiotic treatment on parameters critical for mosquito vectorial capacity is drug specific. The negative effect of azithromycin on malaria transmission is consistent with current efforts for disease elimination, whereas additional, larger scale investigations are required before conclusions can be drawn about doxycycline.

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Ecotoxicological Properties of Tulipalin A-Based Superabsorbents versus Conventional Superabsorbent Hydrogels

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2019/2947152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Piotr Rychter ◽

Diana Rogacz ◽

Kamila Lewicka ◽

Jozef Kollár ◽

Michał Kawalec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Condition ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Sodium Acrylate ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Poly Acrylamide ◽

Superabsorbent Hydrogels

The Phytotoxicological Aspects of a Novel Superabsorbent/Hydrogels: poly(acrylamide-co-sodium 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate), prepared from renewable monomer Tulipalin A, on the growth and development of monocotyledonous Avena sativa and dicotyledonous Raphanus sativus, was investigated and compared with the effect of borate-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylamide), and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) conventional hydrogels. Tulipalin A-based superabsorbent hydrogels revealed superior properties in terms of the combination of the tested properties. The results confirmed excellent suitability of Tulipalin A-based hydrogels for application as reservoirs of water during plant stress condition. Values of fresh matter (yield) and shoot height of the examined plants growing in soil amended with these hydrogels were ca 10% higher than those of plants growing in soil without hydrogels. Reference borate-crosslinked PVA hydrogels (containing increasing amount of borax cross-linker) revealed harmful effect on plants. The negative effect was observed on most of the investigated properties, increasing with content of the hydrogel in soil and concentration of the borax in it.

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Genome-Wide Investigation of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Protection Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0084-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1072-1079

Author(s):

Dae-Han Chae ◽

Da-Ran Kim ◽

Gyeongjun Cho ◽

Suhyeon Moon ◽

Youn-Sig Kwak

Keyword(s):

Activation Tagging ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Gene Ontology Analysis ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Pcr ◽

Tolerant Plants ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations

The compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a well-known secondary metabolite produced by Pseudomonas spp. that are used as biocontrol agents. DAPG displays a remarkably broad spectrum of toxic activity against pathogens of plants. Yet high concentrations of DAPG may also have negative effect on plants, but the phytotoxicity of DAPG is not clearly understood. Here, we used genome-wide activation, tagging Arabidopsis plants as the model plant to investigate the plant response to DAPG. A total of 15 lines were selected as DAPG-tolerant plants from among 62,000 lines investigated. The DAPG-responsible genes were then identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR and quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and the gene ontology analysis showed the distribution of these genes having different biological processes, cellular regulations, and molecular functional properties. Collectively, these findings suggest that plants may rely on several pathways to prevent DAPG phytotoxicity.

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Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced during nitrate removal by a thermophilic bacterium Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 in batch cultures

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra08147b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (70) ◽

pp. 44265-44271 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhendong Wei ◽

Shaobin Huang ◽

Yongqing Zhang ◽

Han Li ◽

Shaofeng Zhou

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Nitrate Removal ◽

Thermophilic Bacterium ◽

Aerobic Denitrification ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

Positive Correlation

Positive correlation was observed between EPS production and nitrate removal efficiency during aerobic denitrification byChelatococcus daeguensisTAD1.

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