scholarly journals Gene expression for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) leaf lupulin glands exposed to heat and low-water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée L. Eriksen ◽  
Lillian K. Padgitt-Cobb ◽  
M. Shaun Townsend ◽  
John A. Henning
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis ◽  
Bitter Acid

AbstractHops are valued for their secondary metabolites, including bitter acids, flavonoids, oils, and polyphenols, that impart flavor in beer. Previous studies have shown that hop yield and bitter acid content decline with increased temperatures and low-water stress. We looked at physiological traits and differential gene expression in leaf, stem, and root tissue from hop (Humulus lupulus) cv. USDA Cascade in plants exposed to high temperature stress, low-water stress, and a compound treatment of both high temperature and low-water stress for six weeks. The stress conditions imposed in these experiments caused substantial changes to the transcriptome, with significant reductions in the expression of numerous genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Of the genes involved in bitter acid production, the critical gene valerophenone synthase (VPS) experienced significant reductions in expression levels across stress treatments, suggesting stress-induced lability in this gene and/or its regulatory elements may be at least partially responsible for previously reported declines in bitter acid content. We also identified a number of transcripts with homology to genes shown to affect abiotic stress tolerance in other plants that may be useful as markers for breeding improved abiotic stress tolerance in hop. Lastly, we provide the first transcriptome from hop root tissue.

scholarly journals De-novo transcriptome analysis unveils differentially expressed genes regulating drought and salt stress response in Panicum sumatrense

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmita Rani Das ◽  
Seema Pradhan ◽  
Ajay Parida
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Little Millet ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress

AbstractScreening the transcriptome of drought tolerant variety of little millet (Panicum sumatrense), a marginally cultivated, nutritionally rich, susbsistent crop, can identify genes responsible for its hardiness and enable identification of new sources of genetic variation which can be used for crop improvement. RNA-Seq generated ~ 230 million reads from control and treated tissues, which were assembled into 86,614 unigenes. In silico differential gene expression analysis created an overview of patterns of gene expression during exposure to drought and salt stress. Separate gene expression profiles for leaf and root tissue revealed the differences in regulatory mechanisms operating in these tissues during exposure to abiotic stress. Several transcription factors were identified and studied for differential expression. 61 differentially expressed genes were found to be common to both tissues under drought and salinity stress and were further validated using qRT-PCR. Transcriptome of P. sumatrense was also used to mine for genic SSR markers relevant to abiotic stress tolerance. This study is first report on a detailed analysis of molecular mechanisms of drought and salinity stress tolerance in a little millet variety. Resources generated in this study can be used as potential candidates for further characterization and to improve abiotic stress tolerance in food crops.

scholarly journals Trimethylamine N-oxide is a new plant molecule that promotes abiotic stress tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. eabd9296
Author(s):  
Rafael Catalá ◽  
Rosa López-Cobollo ◽  
M. Álvaro Berbís ◽  
Jesús Jiménez-Barbero ◽  
Julio Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a well-known naturally occurring osmolyte in animals that counteracts the effect of different denaturants related to environmental stress and has recently been associated with severe human chronic diseases. In plants, however, the presence of TMAO has not yet been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that plants contain endogenous levels of TMAO, that it is synthesized by flavin-containing monooxygenases, and that its levels increase in response to abiotic stress conditions. In addition, our results reveal that TMAO operates as a protective osmolyte in plants, promoting appropriate protein folding and as an activator of abiotic stress–induced gene expression. Consistent with these functions, we show that TMAO enhances plant adaptation to low temperatures, drought, and high salt. We have thus uncovered a previously unidentified plant molecule that positively regulates abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Breeding Vegetables Adapted to High Temperatures: A Case Study with Broccoli

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Thomas Bjorkman
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Selection Environment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improvement Effort

Breeding a vegetable crop for adaptation to a temperature regime that is higher than the recognized optimum for the species in question is an example of breeding for abiotic stress tolerance. Before embarking on a project to breed for such stress tolerance, we propose that several critical considerations or questions must be addressed. These considerations include the following: 1) What is the effect of the abiotic stress on the crop to be improved; 2) what will be the conditions of the selection environment; 3) what germplasm is available that contains the necessary genetic variation to initiate improvement; 4) what breeding scheme will be used to facilitate improvement; and 5) what will be the specific goals of the breeding effort? We use a case study with broccoli to breed for adaptation to high-temperature environments to provide examples of how each of these considerations might be addressed in developing an improvement effort. Based on documented success with this case study in which broccoli quality and performance under high-temperature summer environments has been improved, insights are provided that should be useful to future attempts to breed vegetables more tolerant of an abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Gibberellic Acid and Paclobutrazol in Terminal Heat Stress Tolerance in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Nagar ◽  
V. P. Singh ◽  
Ajay Arora ◽  
Rajkumar Dhakar ◽  
Neera Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

Understanding the physiological mechanism of tolerance under stress conditions is an imperative aspect of the crop improvement programme. The role of plant hormones is well-established in abiotic stress tolerance. However, the information on the role of gibberellic acid (GA) in abiotic stress tolerance in late sown wheat is still not thoroughly explored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of endogenous GA3 level in stress tolerance in contrasting wheat cultivars, viz., temperature-tolerant (HD 2643 and DBW 14) and susceptible (HD 2189 and HD 2833) cultivars under timely and late sown conditions. We created the variation in endogenous GA3 level by exogenous spray of GA3 and its biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PBZ). Tolerant genotypes had higher antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane stability, and photosynthesis rate, lower lipid peroxidase activity, and better growth and yield traits under late sown conditions attributed to H2O2 content. Application of PBZ escalated antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthesis rate, and reduced the lipid peroxidation and ion leakage in stress, leading to improved thermotolerance. GA3 had a non-significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane stability. However, GA3 application increased the test weight in HD 2643 and HD 2833 under timely and late sown conditions. GA3 upregulated GA biosynthesis and degradation pathway genes, and PBZ downregulated kaurene oxidase and GA2ox gene expression. GA3 also upregulated the expression of the cell expansins gene under both timely and late sown conditions. Exogenous GA3 did not increase thermotolerance but positively affected test weight and cell expansins gene expression. No direct relationship existed between endogenous GA3 content and stress tolerance traits, indicating that PBZ could have conferred thermotolerance through an alternative mechanism instead of inhibiting GA3biosynthesis.

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPK) in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant B Kardile ◽  
◽  
Vikrant ◽  
Nirmal Kant Sharma ◽  
Ankita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent Protein Kinases
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