Combined detection of CA15-3, CEA, and SF in serum and tissue of canine mammary gland tumor patients

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels and clinical diagnosis value of CA15-3, CEA, and SF in canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs). In this study, the levels of tissues/serum CA15-3, CEA, and SF in 178 CMGT patients or healthy dogs were determined by ELISA and qRT-PCR assay. CA15-3, CEA, and SF levels of the malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that of the benign tumor group and the healthy control group. In the malignant tumor group, CA15-3 held a sensitivity of 51.8%, a specificity of 93.9%, and an accuracy of 76.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CEA were 44.6%, 84.1%, and 68.1% respectively. SF held a sensitivity of 62.5%, a specificity of 85.4%, and an accuracy of 76.1%. SF showed the highest sensitivity and CA15-3 showed the highest specificity. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the combined detection of the three biomarkers in malignant tumor groups were 80.4%, 78.0%, and 80.0%, respectively, therefore combined detection increased sensitivity and accuracy but decreased specificity. In conclusion, the combined detection of serum/tissue markers CA15-3, CEA, and SF may improve the detection sensitivity of CMGTs, providing reference value for clinical application.

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Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10020104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faiz Muhammad Khand ◽

Da-Wei Yao ◽

Pan Hao ◽

Xin-Qi Wu ◽

Asghar Ali Kamboh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Microsatellite Instability ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Mmr Genes ◽

Mammary Gland Tumors ◽

Canine Mammary Gland

Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of cMSH3, cMLH1, and cPMSI, but downregulation of cMSH2 compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the cMSH2 gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future.

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Diagnostic Value of Serum Markers Combined with TVCDS in Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with Bushen Yiqi Quyu Prescription

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/3522906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wei Qin ◽

Fengmin Jiang ◽

Tao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Detection Rate ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Combined Detection ◽

Cox 1

Background. To compare the diagnostic value of serum markers human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) combined with transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCDS) in ovarian cancer (OC) treated with Bushen Yiqi Quyu prescription. Methods. A total of 232 OC patients treated at the hospital from January 2018 to October 2020 were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 116) and control group (n = 116). The control group was treated with essential Western medication, and the observation group was treated with essential Western medication and Bushen Yiqi Quyu prescription. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. The levels of HE4 and COX-1 were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The ultrasonic features of TVCDS were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The ROC curve was drawn to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of single and combined detection of HE4, COX-1, and TVCDS in the observation group. Results. The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. After treatment, HE4 and COX-1 levels in both groups were considerably lower than those before treatment, and in the observation group, they decreased significantly than in the control group. HE4 and COX-1 were positively correlated with the clinical stage of OC. The higher the clinical stage, the higher the levels of HE4 and COX-1. After treatment, there was no significant difference in tumor location and the boundary between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences in tumor echo, nature, morphology, calcification, internal blood flow, and lymph node metastasis, and the difference in the observation group was more evident than in control group. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive detection rate, and negative detection rate of combined detection were higher than those of single detection. Conclusions. Bushen Yiqi Quyu prescription has certain curative effects in the treatment of OC patients, which can significantly reduce the level of tumor markers and improve the symptoms of OC patients. The combined detection of HE4, COX-1, and TVCDS has high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, which can effectively detect OC and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

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Association of Multiple Tumor Markers With Gastric Cancer Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-534015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyang Li ◽

Sifeng Li ◽

Zhenqi Zhang ◽

Dandan Huang

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Tumor Markers ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Tumor ◽

Group 3 ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

And Control ◽

Combined Detection ◽

Positive Population

Abstract Background: To explore the correlation between multiple tumor markers and gastric cancer.Methods: We selected 268 newly-treated patients with gastric cancer and 209 healthy subjects for correlation research. The detection of multiple tumor markers was based on protein chip, and then the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS.Results: (1)We concluded that gastric cancer was significantly related to gender, age, AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242 (P＜0.001). After CA199 and CA242 were stratified by gender, the OR of the male was 30.400 and 31.242 respectively, while the OR of the female was 3.424. After CA125 was stratified by age, among patients with gastric cancer over 54 years old, The risk of occurrence in the CA125-positive population was 16.673 times that in CA125-negative patient; and among patients less than or equal to 54 years old, CA125-positive was not a risk factor for gastric cancer(P=0.082); (2)AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, CA242 in M1 stage were statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group (P<0.001), but AFP (P=0.045) and CA125 (P=0.752) were not statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group; (3)The combined detection sensitivity of multiple tumor markers were 41.79%.Conclusions: Our research shows that gastric cancer is associated with age, gender, and the positive of AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242. The positive of AFP and CA125 is related to the distant metastasis of gastric cancer; The combined detection of multiple tumor markers can be used for initial screening of gastric cancer to a certain extent.

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Clinical Significance of Color Ultrasound, MRI, miR-21, and CA199 in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2021/2380958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jing Yu ◽

Xue Yang ◽

Hongmei Wu ◽

Jiansheng Li

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Benign Lesion ◽

Pancreatic Disease ◽

Receiver Operating Curve ◽

Lesion Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Combined Detection

Background. To investigate the clinical significance of color ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), miR-21, and CA199 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods. A total of 160 patients with PC admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to February 2021 were included in the PC group, and another 100 patients with benign pancreatic disease during the same period were included in the pancreatic benign disease group. Color ultrasound and MRI were used for imaging examination of the two groups of PC patients, and the sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the two methods for preoperative diagnosis of PC were calculated, respectively. A total of 100 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period were included in the control group. Serum CA199 levels of the three groups were detected by ELISA assay. The level of serum miR-21 in the three groups was detected by qRT-PCR. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze and calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the two serum markers and the combination of color ultrasound and MRI in the detection of PC. Results. Serum CA199 and miR-21 levels in the PC group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group and control group. CA199 and miR-21 levels in the benign lesion group were higher than those in the control group. Both color ultrasound and MRI showed a higher detection rate for PC, and the sensitivity and accuracy were significantly higher than those of CA199 and miR-21. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined detection were 91.88%, 96.00%, and 93.46%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of single detection. Conclusion. The combined detection of color ultrasound, MRI, miR-21, and CA199 have a high application value in the early diagnosis of PC, which can effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of clinical diagnosis, reduce the probability of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and provide a reference for the rational clinical treatment plan and prognosis.

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Association of Multiple Tumor Markers with gastric cancer patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-534015/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyang Li ◽

Sifeng Li ◽

Zhenqi Zhang ◽

Dandan Huang

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Tumor Markers ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Tumor ◽

Group 3 ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

And Control ◽

Combined Detection ◽

Positive Population

Abstract BackgroundTo explore the correlation between multiple tumor markers and gastric cancer. MethodsWe selected 268 newly-treated patients with gastric cancer and 209 healthy subjects for correlation research. The detection of multiple tumor markers was based on protein chip, and then the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS. Results(1)We concluded that gastric cancer was significantly related to gender, age, AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242 (P＜0.001). After CA199 and CA242 were stratified by gender, the OR of the male was 30.400 and 31.242 respectively, while the OR of the female was 3.424. After CA125 was stratified by age, among patients with gastric cancer over 54 years old, The risk of occurrence in the CA125-positive population was 16.673 times that in CA125-negative patient; and among patients less than or equal to 54 years old, CA125-positive was not a risk factor for gastric cancer(P=0.082); (2)AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, CA242 in M1 stage were statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group (P<0.001), but AFP (P=0.045) and CA125 (P=0.752) were not statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group; (3)The combined detection sensitivity of multiple tumor markers were 41.79%.ConclusionsOur research shows that gastric cancer is associated with age, gender, and the positive of AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242. The positive of AFP and CA125 is related to the distant metastasis of gastric cancer; The combined detection of multiple tumor markers can be used for initial screening of gastric cancer to a certain extent.

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The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111136 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 204-205

Author(s):

I.C. Murray

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Dopamine Agonist ◽

Alveolar Epithelium ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Once Daily ◽

Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

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Bi-caudate ratio as a MRI marker of white matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis and ischemic leukocencephalopathy

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-019-0104-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dena Serag ◽

Eman Ragab

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Linear Measurement ◽

Control Group ◽

Imaging Science ◽

The Difference ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Brain atrophy measurement is now a cornerstone in basic neuro-imaging science. While assessment of white matter atrophy by visual inspection is subjective, volumetric approaches are time-consuming and not often feasible. Bi-caudate ratio represents a linear surrogate parameter of brain volume that can be derived from standard imaging sequences. This study highlights the value of the bi-caudate ratio (BCR) as a MRI marker of white matter atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis and ischemic leukoencephalopathy and set a cut-off value to differentiate between patients with white matter atrophy and normal subjects. Results A total of 115 patients (54 males and 61 females) diagnosed with white matter leukoencephalopathy (MS in 51 patients and ischemic leukoencephalopathy in 64 patients) were included. Another group of 60 subjects with a normal white matter signal was recruited as a control group. BCR for the patient group ranged from 0.13 to 0.27 (mean (± SD) = 0.16 ± 0.02), while for the control group, it ranged from 0.05 mm to 0.13 (mean (± SD) = 0.09 ± 0.01). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P value < 0.001). A cut-off value of 0.13 was used to differentiate between the BCR in both patients and control groups with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99.2%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The difference in BCR for patients diagnosed with MS and ischemic leukoencephalopathy was also statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Conclusion The bi-caudate ratio represents a linear measurement of subcortical atrophy that can be useful as a surrogate marker of global supra-tentorial white matter atrophy instead of the usually performed visual and therefore subjective assessment. It is an easily obtained measure that can be performed without complex time-consuming volumetric studies. Our findings also revealed that the BCR is higher in patients with ischemic leukoencephalopathy than in patients with MS.

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TIRADS, SRE and SWE in INDETERMINATE thyroid nodule characterization: Which has better diagnostic performance?

La radiologia medica ◽

10.1007/s11547-021-01349-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ilaria Celletti ◽

Daniele Fresilli ◽

Corrado De Vito ◽

Marco Bononi ◽

Sara Cardaccio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Preoperative Staging ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Strain Ratio ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Indeterminate Cytology ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Purpose To assess Strain Ratio (SRE) and Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) accuracy alone and with TIRADS classification, for the risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Materials and methods 128 Patients with 128 indeterminate nodules candidates for thyroidectomy underwent preoperative staging neck ultrasound and were classified according to K-TIRADS score. After TIRADS evaluation, semi-quantitative (SRE) and quantitative (SWE expressed in kPa) elastosonography were performed and relative diagnostic performances, alone and in combination, were compared through ROC curves analysis. In order to maximize the SRE and SWE sensitivity and specificity, their cut-off values were calculated using the Liu test. Bonferroni test was used to evaluate statistically significant differences with a p value < 0.05. Results Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were, respectively, 71.4%, 82.4%, 62.5%, 87.5% for K-TIRADS baseline US, 85.7%, 94.1%, 85.7%, 94.1% for SRE and 57.1%, 79.4%, 53.3%, 81.8% for SWE (kPa expressed). SRE evaluation showed the best diagnostic accuracy compared to the SWE (kPa expressed) (p < 0.05) and to the K-TIRADS (p > 0.05). The association of SRE with conventional ultrasound with K-TIRADS score increased sensitivity (92.9% vs 71.4%) but decreased the specificity than conventional US alone (76.5% vs 82.4%). Conclusion Strain Elastosonography can be associated with K-TIRADS US examination in the thyroid nodule characterization with indeterminate cytology; in fact, adding the SRE to K-TIRADS assessment significantly increases its sensitivity and negative predictive value. However, further multicenter studies on larger population are warranted.

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Comparison of swept-source versus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of macular neovascularization

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-021-05229-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Lentzsch ◽

Laura Schöllhorn ◽

Christel Schnorr ◽

Robert Siggel ◽

Sandra Liakopoulos

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Spectral Domain ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

En Face ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Subretinal Hyperreflective Material

Abstract Purpose To compare swept-source (SS) versus spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the detection of macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods In this prospective cohort study, 72 eyes of 54 patients with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on OCT possibly corresponding to MNV in at least one eye were included. OCTA scans were acquired using two devices, the PLEX Elite 9000 SS-OCTA and the Spectralis SD-OCTA. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was used as reference. Two graders independently evaluated en face OCTA images using a preset slab as well as a manually modified slab, followed by a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA. Results Sensitivity (specificity) for the automated slabs was 51.7% (93.0%) for SS-OCTA versus 58.6% (95.3%) for SD-OCTA. Manual modification of segmentation increased sensitivity to 79.3% for SS-OCTA but not for SD-OCTA (58.6%). The combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA reached highest sensitivity values (SS-OCTA: 82.8%, SD-OCTA: 86.2%), and lowest number of cases with discrepancies between SS-OCTA and SD-OCTA (4.2%). Fleiss kappa as measure of concordance between FA, SS-OCTA, and SD-OCTA was 0.56 for the automated slabs, 0.60 for the manual slabs, and 0.73 (good agreement) for the combination of en face OCTA with cross-sectional OCTA. Concordance to FA was moderate for the automated slabs and good for manual slabs and combination with cross-sectional OCTA of both devices. Conclusion Both devices reached comparable results regarding the detection of MNV on OCTA. Sensitivity for MNV detection and agreement between devices was best when evaluating a combination of en face and cross-sectional OCTA.

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Comparison of saliva with healthcare workers- and patient-collected swabs in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a large cohort

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06343-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mitnala Sasikala ◽

Yelamanchili Sadhana ◽

Ketavarapu Vijayasarathy ◽

Anand Gupta ◽

Sarala Kumari Daram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background A considerable amount of evidence demonstrates the potential of saliva in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Our aim was to determine the sensitivity of saliva versus swabs collected by healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients themselves to assess whether saliva detection can be offered as a cost-effective, risk-free method of SARS-CoV-2 detection. Methods This study was conducted in a hospital involving outpatients and hospitalized patients. A total of 3018 outpatients were tested. Of these, 200 qRT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were recruited for further study. In addition, 101 SARS-CoV-2-positive hospitalized patients with symptoms were also enrolled in the study. From outpatients, HCWs collected nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), saliva were obtained. From inpatients, HCWs collected swabs, patient-collected swabs, and saliva were obtained. qRT-PCR was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 by TAQPATH assay to determine the sensitivity of saliva detection. Sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of detecting SARS-CoV-2 were calculated using MedCalc. Results Of 3018 outpatients (asymptomatic: 2683, symptomatic: 335) tested by qRT-PCR, 200 were positive (males: 140, females: 60; aged 37.9 ± 12.8 years; (81 asymptomatic, 119 symptomatic). Of these, saliva was positive in 128 (64%); 39 of 81 asymptomatic (47%),89 of 119 symptomatic patients (74.8%). Sensitivity of detection was 60.9% (55.4–66.3%, CI 95%), with a negative predictive value of 36%(32.9–39.2%, CI 95%).Among 101 hospitalized patients (males:65, females: 36; aged 53.48 ± 15.6 years), with HCW collected NPS as comparator, sensitivity of saliva was 56.1% (47.5–64.5, CI 95%), specificity 63.5%(50.4–75.3, CI95%) with PPV of 77.2% and NPV of 39.6% and that of self-swab was 52.3%(44–60.5%, CI95%), specificity 56.6% (42.3–70.2%, CI95%) with PPV 77.2% and NPV29.7%. Comparison of positivity with the onset of symptoms revealed highest detection in saliva on day 3 after onset of symptoms. Additionally, only saliva was positive in 13 (12.8%) hospitalized patients. Conclusion Saliva which is easier to collect than nasopharyngeal swab is a viable alternate to detect SARS-COV-2 in symptomatic patients in the early stage of onset of symptoms. Although saliva is currently not recommended for screening asymptomatic patients, optimization of collection and uniform timing of sampling might improve the sensitivity enabling its use as a screening tool at community level.

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