scholarly journals A 3D analytical ion transport model for ionic polymer metal composite actuators in large bending deformations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Annabestani ◽  
Nadia Naghavi ◽  
Mohammad Maymandi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Tip Displacement

AbstractIonic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a kind of soft electroactive polymer composites. An IPMC strip commonly has a thin polymer membrane coated with a noble metal as electrodes on both sides. Whenever an electric voltage is applied to the IPMC, it bends and whenever it is deformed, a low voltage is measurable between its electrodes, hence IPMC is an actuator as well as a sensor. They are well known for their promising features like low density, lightness, high toughness and remarkable stimulus strain, also, they have the potential for low-voltage operation while exhibiting acceptable large bending deformation. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D), dynamic and physics-based model is presented analytically and experimentally for IPMC actuators. The model combines the ion transport dynamics within the IPMC and the bending dynamics of it as a beam under an electrical stimulation. In particular, we present an analytical model to create a relation between the input voltage and the output tip displacement of an IPMC actuator for large bending deformations. Experimental results show that the proposed model captures well the tip displacement.

Biomimetic Applications of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) Actuators - A Critical Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farid ◽  
Zhao Gang ◽  
Tran Linh Khuong ◽  
Zhuang Zhi Sun ◽  
Naveed Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Biomedical Field

Biomimetic is the field of engineering in which biological creatures and their functions are investigated and are used as the basis for the design and manufacturing of machines. Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is a smart material which has demonstrated a meaningful bending and tip force after the application of a low voltage. It is light-weighted, flexible, easily actuated, multi-directional applicable and requires simple manufacturing. Resultantly, IPMC has attracted scientists and researchers to analyze it further and consider it for any industrial and biomimetic applications. Presently, the research on IPMC is bi-directional oriented. A few groups of researchers are busy to find out the causes for the weaknesses of the material and to find out any remedy for them. The second class of scientists is exploring new areas of applications where IPMC material can be used. Although, the application zone of IPMC is ranging from micropumps diaphragms to surgical holding devices, this paper provides an overview of the IPMC application in biomimetic and biomedical field.

Fabrication of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuator with Palladium Electrodes and Evaluation of its Bending Response

2009 ◽  
Vol 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Kuribayashi ◽  
Masaki Omiya
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Palladium Electrode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Bending Response ◽  
Tip Displacement

AbstractWe built up the way of fabricating IPMC actuator with palladium electrodes and we found that it showed large bending response than Au-plated IPMC actuator. An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) consisting of a thin perfuorinated ionomer membrane, electrodes plated on both faces, undergoes large bending motion when a small electric field is applied across its thickness in a hydrated state. The characteristics of IPMC are ease of miniaturization, low density, and mechanical flexibility. Therefore, it is considered to have a wide range of applications from MEMS sensor to artificial muscle. However, there are problems on IPMC. First, its mechanical and electric characteristics have not been clarified because of the complex mechanism of the deformation. Second, it is high-priced because most of IPMC actuators use gold or platinum as electrodes. In order for IPMC actuator to be widely put to practical use, we should solve these problems. Hence, this research focuses on fabrication of IPMC actuator with palladium electrode, which is cheaper than gold or platinum, and evaluation of its mechanical properties such as its tip displacement. We fabricated IPMC consisting of a thin Nafion® membrane, which is the film with fluorocarbon back-bones and mobile cations, sandwiched between two thin palladium plates. The surface resistivity was 2.88±0.18Ω/sq., so it could be said to be enough small. Then, we observed its cross section by using FE-SEM. As a result, palladium plates were evenly coated and its thickness was about 30μm. Also, we carried out an actuation test for two kinds of IPMCs: one was fabricated by using Nafion®117 (thickness 183μm), the other was by Nafion®115 (thickness 127μm). In this test, the relationship between voltage (0˜4V) across its thickness and tip displacement for the cantilevered strip of the IPMC was measured. Then we found that IPMCs showed large bending motion under a low electric field. When Nafion®117 sample was subjected to voltage of 1.5V, the ratio of the tip displacement to the sample length was 0.35, which was lager bending than Au-plated IPMC actuator, whose ratio of the tip displacement to the sample length was 0.12 [1]. When Nafion®115 sample was applied to 1.5V, the ratio of the tip displacement to the sample length was 0.22. Then, we found that Nafion®117 bended in a larger way than Nafion®115. Reference [1]Sia Nemat-Nesser and Yongxian Wu,”Comparative experimental study of ionic polymer-metal composites with different backbone ionomers and in various cation forms”, Journal of Applied Physics,93,5255 (2003)

Two-Degree-of-Freedom Control of an Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator

2010 ◽  
Vol 670 ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Sasaki ◽  
Yusuke Onouchi ◽  
Hirohisa Tamagawa ◽  
Satoshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

Mathematical models predicting the behaviour of IMPCs (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites ) were built and their validity was verified computationally as well as experimentally. A transfer function associating the applied input voltage with the IPMC tip displacement was derived based on results obtained by vibration analysis. Employing the derived transfer function, three mathematical models, based on feed forward, feedback and two-degree-of-freedom models, were formulated. Computational and experimental verification of these models revealed that the feedback and two-degree-of-freedom models were capable of high performance in controlling the bending of an IPMC.

scholarly journals Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
WanHasbullah MohdIsa ◽  
Andres Hunt ◽  
S. Hassan HosseinNia
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Sample Frequency ◽  
Actuation Systems

Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are mechanically compliant, simple in construction, and easy to cut into desired shape. This allows the designing of novel sensing and actuation systems, e.g., for soft and bio-inspired robotics. IPMC sensing can be implemented in multiple ways, resulting in significantly different sensing characteristics. This paper will review the methods and research efforts to use IPMCs as deformation sensors. We will address efforts to model the IPMC sensing phenomenon, and implementation and characteristics of different IPMC sensing methods. Proposed sensing methods are divided into active sensing, passive sensing, and self-sensing actuation (SSA), whereas the active sensing methods measure one of IPMC-generated voltage, charge, or current; passive methods measure variations in IPMC impedances, or use it in capacitive sensor element circuit, and SSA methods implement simultaneous sensing and actuation on the same IPMC sample. Frequency ranges for reliable sensing vary among the methods, and no single method has been demonstrated to be effective for sensing in the full spectrum of IPMC actuation capabilities, i.e., from DC to ∼100 Hz. However, this limitation can be overcome by combining several sensing methods.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite as a Novel Fractional Order Element

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Caponetto ◽  
Salvatore Graziani ◽  
Fulvio L. Pappalardo ◽  
Francesca Sapuppo
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Thin Membranes ◽  
Fixed Input

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are electroactive materials made of ionic polymer thin membranes with platinum metallization on their surfaces. They are interesting materials due to not only their electromechanical applications as transducers but also to their electrochemical features and the relationship between the ionic/solvent current and the potential field. Their electrochemical properties thus suggest the possibility for exploiting them as compact fractional-order elements (FOEs) with a view of defining fabrication processes and production strategies that assure the desired performances. In this paper, the experimental electrical characterization of a brand new IPMC setup in a fixed sandwich configuration is proposed. Two IPMC devices with different platinum absorption times (5 h and 20 h) are characterized through experimental data: first, a preliminary linearity study is performed for a fixed input voltage amplitude in order to determine the frequency region where IPMC can be approximated as linear; then, a frequency analysis is carried out in order to identify a coherent fractional-order dynamics in the bode diagrams. Such analyses take the first steps towards a simplified model of IPMC as a compact electronic FOE for which the fractional exponent value depends on fabrication parameters as the absorption time.

Fish Inspired Biomimetic Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Pectoral Fins Using Labriform Propulsion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karthigan ◽  
Sujoy Mukherjee ◽  
Ranjan Ganguli
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Classical Dynamic ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Fin Design

Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) are a new class of smart materials that have attractive characteristics such as muscle like softness, low voltage and power consumption, and good performance in aqueous environments. Thus, IPMC’s provide promising application for biomimetic fish like propulsion systems. In this paper, we design and analyze IPMC underwater propulsor inspired from swimming of Labriform fishes. Different fish species in nature are source of inspiration for different biomimetic flapping IPMC fin design. Here, three fish species with high performance flapping pectoral fin locomotion is chosen and performance analysis of each fin design is done to discover the better configurations for engineering applications. In order to describe the behavior of an active IPMC fin actuator in water, a complex hydrodynamic function is used and structural model of the IPMC fin is obtained by modifying the classical dynamic equation for a slender beam. A quasi-steady blade element model that accounts for unsteady phenomena such as added mass effects, dynamic stall, and the cumulative Wagner effect is used to estimate the hydrodynamic performance of the flapping rectangular shape fin. Dynamic characteristics of IPMC actuated flapping fins having the same size as the actual fins of three different fish species, Gomphosus varius, Scarus frenatus and Sthethojulis trilineata, are analyzed with numerical simulations. Finally, a comparative study is performed to analyze the performance of three different biomimetic IPMC flapping pectoral fins.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructure/Copper Nanowire for Additive Interface Layer of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Seongjun Park ◽  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Seonpil Kim ◽  
Minhyon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanostructure ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Polymer Metal

Additive interface materials for improved ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator performance are being investigated. In this study, three-dimensional carbon nanostructure/copper nanowire (3DC Cu-NW) with a novel structure was synthesized via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. An IPMC actuator with a 3DC Cu-NW interface layer was fabricated, which exhibited improved actuation performance, long-term stability, and electrochemical properties. The proposed 3DC consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, grown using an Fe catalyst and CH4 gas, respectively. We optimized the growth conditions (Fe catalyst: 12.5 mg/L, CH4: 20 sccm) to achieve a 3DC with an appropriate thickness and a large specific surface area. The 3DC Cu-NW benefited from a Cu oxidation prevention property and a large specific surface area. The electrochemical properties and actuation performance of the IPMC actuator improved with an increased 3DC Cu-NW concentration. An IPMC actuator with a 0.6 wt% 3DC Cu-NW interface layer exhibited 1.3- and 5.6-fold electrochemical property and actuation performance improvement, respectively, over an IPMC actuator with no 3DC Cu-NW interface layer. These results show that the proposed 3DC Cu-NW has potential as an IPMC actuator interface material, and that 3DC Cu-NW synthesis and application technology can be applied to future research on sensor, actuator, and flexible devices.

Modelling and analysis of an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)-rocker-based four-bar for variable path generation using the Euler—Bernoulli approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (10) ◽  
pp. 2405-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bandopadhya ◽  
J Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Rigid Link ◽  
Polymer Metal

This article evaluates the dynamic performance of a partially compliant four-bar mechanism having an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)-based rocker. The rigid link rocker is replaced with an IPMC actuator for variable path generation. The study aims to address the size limitations of a traditional variable length rigid link rocker, which is actuated by an electric motor for miniature micro-scale applications. Dynamic modelling is carried out taking into account the bending property of the IPMC and Grashof criterion. Simulations are also performed based on the effective length of IPMC following the Euler—Bernoulli approach with input voltage. The investigation demonstrates that by controlling the bending of IPMC along with the rotation of crank, a definite work volume can be generated at the rocker tip.

Grasshopper Knee Joint - Torque Analysis of Actuators Using Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farid ◽  
Zhao Gang ◽  
Tran Linh Khuong ◽  
Zhuang Zhi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Wolfram Mathematica ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Torque Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Fish Fins

Biomimetic is the field of engineering which involves analyzing the biological beings and incorporating their designs and systems for manufacturing mechanical systems. An Ionic Polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a smart material that displays a significant bending and tip force after the application of a low voltage. It is light-weighted, flexible, easily actuated, multi-directional applicable and requires simple manufacturing. In this paper, a two-link biomimetic knee joint mechanism of a grass hopper is presented. Secondly, an IPMC pair of strips is proposed as a link that enables the actuating force which is modeled on the basis of the grass hopper's leg. Thirdly, dynamic model is developed for the proposed mechanism through Lagrangian mechanics. Fourthly, power series is utilized for the solution of the non-linear transcendental model. Wolfram mathematica is employed for the simulation of the model. Finally, the effect of torque is analyzed by varying the actuating torque. It is concluded that actuating torque is directly proportional to the angles moved and inversely proportional to the potential energies of the linkage. Furthermore, a stiffer and more vibrant linkage is observed as per simulation results. These results are validated theoretically. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed IPMC has the potential for utilization in small biomimetic applications like insects robots joints activation, underwater fish fins, surgical grippers, synthetic ventricular muscles and human catheter system for endoscopic surgery and diagnostics etc.

Integral multiple models online identifier applied to ionic polymer–metal composite actuator

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2863-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Bernat ◽  
Jakub Kolota
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Multiple Models ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Metal

Ionic polymer–metal composites are classified as a smart materials group, whose properties can be designed depending on the needs that arise. Ionic polymer–metal composites belong to the class of wet electroactive polymers. They are promising candidates actuator for various potential applications mainly due to their flexible, low voltage requirements, compact design, and lack of moving parts. However, being a widely used material in industry, ionic polymer–metal composite requires complex control methods due to its strongly nonlinear nature. An important prerequisite for an intelligent controller is the ability to adapt rapidly to any unknown operating environment. This article presents a novel approach to tuning multiple models of an online identifier by integral mapping. Through the extension of the estimation law of additional mapping between parameters and measurable signals, we significantly improve transient responses without increasing feedback gain. The authors measured the moisture content of ionic polymer–metal composite and consider in the experiment relationship between drying and varying of curvature output. The effectiveness of the proposed multiple models adaptive control strategy was verified in various experiments. The results of the study illustrated in the experiments show that adding new mapping improves not only the transients of controlled plant, but also increases the performance indexes of adaptive system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document