Circulating small extracellular vesicles increase after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women

AbstractThe physiological and molecular mechanisms linking prenatal physical activity and improvements in maternal–fetal health are unknown. It is hypothesized that small extracellular vesicles (EVs, ~ 10–120 nm) are involved in tissue cross-talk during exercise. We aimed to characterize the circulating small EV profile of pregnant versus non-pregnant women after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant control (N = 9) women performed a single session of moderate-intensity treadmill walking for 30 min. Plasma was collected immediately pre- and post-exercise, and small EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. EV presence was confirmed by western blotting for the small EV proteins TSG-101 and flottilin-1. Small EVs were quantified by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. All EV fractions were positive for TSG-101 and flotillin-1, and negative for calnexin. Mean vesicle size at baseline and percent change in size post-exercise were not different between groups. At baseline, pregnant women had higher levels of small EVs compared to controls (1.83E+10 ± 1.25E+10 particles/mL vs. 8.11E+09 ± 4.04E+09 particles/mL, respectively; p = 0.032). Post-exercise, small EVs increased significantly in the circulation of pregnant compared to non-pregnant women after correcting for baseline values (64.7 ± 24.6% vs. − 23.3 ± 26.1%, respectively; F = 5.305, p = 0.035). Further research is needed to assess the functional roles of exercise-induced small EVs in pregnancy.

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Red Blood Cell Aging as a Homeostatic Response to Exercise-Induced Stress

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9224827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (22) ◽

pp. 4827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joames K. Freitas Leal ◽

Dan Lazari ◽

Coen C.W.G. Bongers ◽

Maria T.E. Hopman ◽

Roland Brock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cell Aging ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Exercise Induced

Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of red blood cell aging is mostly derived from in vitro studies. The Four Days Marches of Nijmegen in the Netherlands, the world’s largest yearly walking event, constitutes a unique possibility to study the effect of mechanical and biochemical stressors occurring during moderate-intensity exercise on red blood cell aging in vivo. Therefore, longitudinal measurements were performed of biophysical, immunological, and functional red blood cell characteristics that are known to change during aging. Our data show that moderate-intensity exercise induces the generation of a functionally improved red blood cell population with a higher deformability and a decreased tendency to aggregate. This is likely to be associated with an early removal of the oldest red blood cells from the circulation, as deduced from the (dis)appearance of removal signals. Thus, the physiological red blood cell aging process maintains homeostasis in times of moderate-intensity exercise-induced stress, probably by accelerated aging and subsequent removal of the oldest, most vulnerable red blood cells.

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Post-moderate-intensity exercise energy replacement does not reduce subsequent appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519003106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 592-600

Author(s):

D. Thivel ◽

J. Roche ◽

M. Miguet ◽

A. Fillon ◽

M. Khammassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Reward ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Energy Replacement

AbstractExercise modifies energy intake (EI) in adolescents with obesity, but whether this is mediated by the exercise-induced energy deficit remains unknown. The present study examined the effect of exercise with and without dietary replacement of the exercise energy expenditure on appetite, EI and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Fourteen 12–15-year-old adolescents with obesity (eight girls; Tanner 3–4; BMI 34·8 (sd 5·7) kg/m2; BMI z score 2·3 (sd 0·4)) randomly completed three experimental conditions: (i) rest control (CON); (ii) 30-min cycling (EX) and (iii) 30-min cycling with dietary energy replacement (EX + R). Ad libitum EI was assessed at lunch and dinner, and food reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) before and after lunch. Appetite was assessed at regular intervals. Lunch, evening and total EI (excluding the post-exercise snack in EX − R) were similar across conditions. Lunch and total EI including the post-exercise snack in EX + R were higher in EX − R than CON and EX; EX and CON were similar. Total relative EI was lower in EX (6284 (sd 2042) kJ) compared with CON (7167 (sd 2218) kJ; P < 0·05) and higher in EX + R (7736 (sd 2033) kJ) compared with CON (P < 0·001). Appetite and satiety quotients did not differ across conditions (P ≥ 0·10). Pre-meal explicit liking for fat was lower in EX compared with CON and EX + R (P = 0·05). There was time by condition interaction between EX and CON for explicit wanting and liking for fat (P = 0·01). Despite similar appetite and EI, adolescents with obesity do not adapt their post-exercise food intake to account for immediate dietary replacement of the exercise-induced energy deficit, favouring a short-term positive energy balance.

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INDIVIDUALIZED SPORTS MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN CHINA

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519419400554 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (08) ◽

pp. 1940055

Author(s):

LIN YANG ◽

QI LUO ◽

YANG LU ◽

SONG ZHANG ◽

YIMIN YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Health Management ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Women's Sports ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Monitoring Methods ◽

Target Heart Rate ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Women’S Sports

In recent years, pregnant women in China generally face problems such as unbalanced and excessive nutrition, lack of proper exercise during pregnancy, which shows a significant increase in weight during pregnancy, leading to an increasing trend of perinatal complications. At present, there is less sports health management system for pregnant women throughout pregnancy. In view of this, based on the existing research in related fields, this study deeply explores the appropriate monitoring methods of pregnant women’s sports in China. In this study, effective and convenient testing methods and evaluation criteria were proposed for pregnant women’s sports and psychology. The research idea was a method based on the pulse wave to detect pregnant women’s cardiac reserve capacity, and grading the Diastolic/Systolic value of pregnant women as a reference for grading individualized target heart rate range of moderate intensity exercise. The effective time and energy expenditure of pregnant women were assessed by monitoring the exercise process. The purpose is to help and guide pregnant women in the whole process of pregnancy self-movement management, and thus improve the quality of maternal health care services in China.

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Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174421000428 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽

Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽

Laize Peron Tófolo ◽

Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽

Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Male Rats ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Impact ◽

Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

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The Effects of Exercise Serum From Prepubertal Girls and Women on In Vitro Myoblast and Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2020-0206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 82-89

Author(s):

Yasmeen Mezil ◽

Joyce Obeid ◽

Inna Ushcatz ◽

Sandeep Raha ◽

Brian W. Timmons

Keyword(s):

Moderate Intensity ◽

Osteoblast Proliferation ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Acute Bout ◽

Myotube Formation ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Proliferation In Vitro ◽

Prepubertal Girls ◽

Time Point

Purpose: In girls and women, the authors studied the effects of an acute bout of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise serum on myoblast and osteoblast proliferation in vitro. Methods: A total of 12 pre/early pubertal girls (8–10 y old) and 12 women (20–30 y old) cycled at 60% VO2max for 1 hour followed by 1-hour recovery. Blood samples were collected at rest, mid-exercise, end of exercise, mid-recovery, and end of recovery. C2C12 myoblasts and MC3T3E1 osteoblasts were incubated with serum from each time point for 1 hour, then monitored for 24 hours (myoblasts) or 36 hours (osteoblasts) to examine proliferation. Cells were also monitored for 6 days (myoblasts) to examine myotube formation and 21 days (osteoblasts) to examine mineralization. Results: Exercise did not affect myoblast or osteoblast proliferation. Girls exhibited lower cell proliferation relative to women at end of exercise (osteoblasts, P = .041; myoblasts, P = .029) and mid-recovery (osteoblasts, P = .010). Mineralization was lower at end of recovery relative to rest (P = .014) in both girls and women. Myotube formation was not affected by exercise or group. Conclusion: The systemic environment following one acute bout of low-impact moderate-intensity exercise in girls and women does not elicit osteoblast or myoblast activity in vitro. Differences in myoblast and osteoblast proliferation between girls and women may be influenced by maturation.

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Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhz104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 525-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J J Steventon ◽

C Foster ◽

H Furby ◽

D Helme ◽

R G Wise ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Induced

Abstract Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.

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The impact of dietary restraint and moderate-intensity exercise on post-exercise energy intake in sedentary males

Eating Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.06.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 415-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cristen L. Harris ◽

Valerie A. George

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Restraint ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Post Exercise ◽

The Impact

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The Effects of an Acute Bout of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Anger and EEG Responses During Elicitation of Angry Emotions

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000385197.82344.17 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nathaniel J. Thom ◽

Patrick J. O'Connor ◽

Brett A. Clementz ◽

Rod K. Dishman

Keyword(s):

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Acute Bout

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Impact of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509993382 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 1480-1484 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Narelle M. Berry ◽

Kade Davison ◽

Alison M. Coates ◽

Jonathan D. Buckley ◽

Peter R. C. Howe

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Double Blind ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽

Dependent Flow ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Response To Exercise ◽

Cocoa Flavanols

Impaired endothelial vasodilatation may contribute to the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise in individuals who are overweight/obese. The present study investigated whether consumption of cocoa flavanols, which improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), can modify BP responsiveness to exercise. Twenty-one volunteers (eight females and thirteen males, 54·9 (se2·2) years, BMI 31·6 (se0·8) kg/m2, systolic BP 134 (se2) mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) 87 (se2) mmHg) were randomised to consume single servings of either a high-flavanol (HF, 701 mg) or a low-flavanol (LF, 22 mg) cocoa beverage in a double-blind, cross-over design with 3–7-d washout between treatments. Two hours after cocoa consumption, FMD was measured, followed by continuous beat-to-beat assessment (Finapres™) of BP before and during 10 min of cycling at 75 % of age-predicted maximum heart rate. Averaged data from two assessments on each type of beverage were compared by analysis of covariance using pre-exercise BP as the covariate. Pre-exercise BP was similar after taking LF and HF (153 (se3)/88 (se3)v. 153 (se4)/87 (se2) mmHg, respectively,P>0·05). However, the BP response to exercise (area under BP curve) was attenuated by HF compared with LF. BP increases were 68 % lower for DBP (P = 0·03) and 14 % lower for mean BP (P = 0·05). FMD measurements were higher after taking HF than after taking LF (6·1 (se0·6) %v. 3·4 (se0·5) %,P < 0·001). By facilitating vasodilation and attenuating exercise-induced increases in BP, cocoa flavanols may decrease cardiovascular risk and enhance the cardiovascular benefits of moderate intensity exercise in at-risk individuals.

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