scholarly journals Trait variations and expression profiling of OsPHT1 gene family at the early growth-stages under phosphorus-limited conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamalai Anandan ◽  
Chidambaranathan Parameswaran ◽  
Anumalla Mahender ◽  
Amaresh Kumar Nayak ◽  
Sampthamprajan Vellaikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Root

AbstractTo better understand the early response of genotypes to limited-phosphorus (P) conditions and the role of the phosphate transporter OsPHT1 gene family in the presence of PSTOL1, it is essential to characterize the level of tolerance in rice under limited-P conditions. In the present experiment, six rice genotypes were studied in three-way interactions [genotype (G) × phosphorus (P) × duration (D)] by comparing them at two instances (14 d and 28 d) under seven different concentrations of P (0.5‒10.0 ppm) in a hydroponic system. Trait differences and interactions of these traits were clearly distinguished among the various P rates. However, aboveground trait expression registered increased growth from 6.0 to 10.0 ppm of P. The major root-attributed traits in 0.5 ppm of P are significantly increased vis-à-vis 10 ppm of P. Analysis of variance displayed a significant difference between the genotypes for PSTOL1 and PHT1 expression. In low P, maximum root length with a shoot and root dry weight was observed in a new indigenous accession, IC459373, with higher expression of PSTOL1 than in Dular and IR64-Pup1 in 0.5 ppm of P at 14 d. Among the 13 PHT1 genes, OsPT1, OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT13 showed significant upregulation in IC459373, Dular, and IR64-Pup1. These results indicated that studying the expression levels of the PSTOL1 and PHT1 gene family at the early growth stages would be helpful in identifying superior donors to improve low-P tolerance and P-use efficiency in rice breeding programs.

Effects of Prodiamine on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Rooting

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740
Author(s):  
Sangwook Han ◽  
Thomas W. Fermanian ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
The Mean

With the increased development of new tall fescue cultivars used in turf, it is important to understand their individual response to herbicide treatment. The effect of prodiamine on tall fescue root dry weight and root length of selected tall fescue cultivars was studied in the greenhouse in 1.3-m-deep pots of calcined clay. Prodiamine at 0.8 kg ai/ha did not significantly affect either root dry weight or root length. However, the mean root dry weight and maximum root length averaged over all cultivars were significantly reduced at 4 wk after treatment with 1.7 kg/ha. When the prodiamine treatments were repeated in a second experiment, both rates caused a significant reduction in the mean root dry weight and maximum root length but there was no significant difference between prodiamine rates. Single degree of freedom contrasts between the untreated and treated turfs for each cultivar had some differential response in root dry weight. The reduction in root dry weight in the prodiamine treatments was more pronounced in the second study because the turf was less mature. ‘Olympic’ and ‘Rebel’ tall fescue had significantly reduced root dry weight at the 1.7 kg/ha rate in first study; whereas, ‘Amigo,’ Olympic, ‘Sundance,’ and ‘Taurus' tall fescue had significant reduction in root dry weight at both 0.8 and 1.7 kg/ha prodiamine rates. ‘Midnight’ Kentucky bluegrass had significantly reduced root length at both prodiamine rates in the second experiment but in general there was little difference among tall fescue cultivars treated with prodiamine.

EFFECT OF ADDING SOME CONDITIONERS and IRRIGATION LEVELS IN WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION OF MAYZE CROP

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-40
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Use Efficiency

Field Experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2018 to determine the effect of some soil enhancers on the productivity and growth of maize-fajir-1 in western Iraq (Anbar-Khaldiya) and the study of some indicators of soil enhancers. The experiment included five coefficients to add enhancers: without addition of material A0, as well as coefficients containing different concentrations of polymer (0.2%P1, 0.4%P2) and (2%O1,24%O2) of ceratophyllum powder, respectively, and three levels (Eta I1, 125% of Eta I2, 150% of Eta I3) during one of the main plant growth stages, The distribution of the split plot disign RCPD and three replicates were statistically analyzed and the averages were compared at a lower test Significant difference (LSD) at 5% using the Genistate . Positive results were obtained under the effect of the addition of conditioners mixed with the soil with the highest yield of 8.44-ton h-1and 8.39-ton h-1 for treatment of polymer P2 and P1, respectively, compared with the treatment of comparison A0 where It reached 8.09 tons h-1. The efficiency values of field and crop water increased by increasing the percentage of enhancers, with the highest value for field water use efficiency of 1.44 Kg.m-3 for P1 compared to the minimum efficiency of 1.33 Kg.m-3for O1, while the highest value for crop water use was 1.31 Kg m-3 for P2 compared with the lowest efficiency of O1 treatment at 1.29 Kg m-3. The plant height and dry weight values increased with the increase of the improvement rate. The highest value of plant height was 201.6 cm for the P2 treatment and 8.98 ton h-1 as dry weight for the same treatment compared to the lowest height of 181.7 cm for the treatment O1. The dry weight for the same treatment was 8.73 ton h-1, while the highest value of irrigation treatments was 192 cm for treatment I1. The dry weight of the same treatment was 8.87 ton h-1, compared to the lowest plant height for treatment I3 with 186 cm and the lowest dry weight for the same treatment was 8.7 ton h-1

scholarly journals Study of indole butyric acid (IBA) effects on cutting rooting improving some of wild genotypes of damask roses (Rosa damascena Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardin Nasri ◽  
Arsalan Fadakar ◽  
Mahmood Saba ◽  
Bayzid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Rose

Rosa damascena is very important for essential oil production, medicinal properties and it is also widely cultivated as a garden rose. The Rose species is mainly propagated by stem cutting. In the present study, the effect of different levels of 0, 500 and 1,000 mg l-1 (quick dip method for 20 s) of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 12 wild genotypes (including: Kurdistan 1 to Kurdistan 12) of R. damascena was investigated. The results show that the rooting ability of R. damascena differs significantly between the twelve genotypes. The highest rooting (79.56%) and callus production (69.08%), number of roots (8.33), root fresh and dry weights (361.80 and 244.74 mg, respectively) were recorded in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA. The maximum root length (5.84 cm) was observed in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 500 mg l-1 IBA that showed a significant difference compared to the control treatment (0.96 cm). The highest number of leaves per bud (7.33 at 500 mg l-1 IBA) and number of buds (5.00 at 1,000 mg l-1 IBA) were recorded in Kurdistan 1 genotype. The current study demonstrated that the different genotypes of R. damascena were in a difficult-toroot state, which suggests that cutting treatment with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA overcame the problem of the difficult-to-root state, and it can also enhance the rooting percentage in the studied genotypes.

scholarly journals Changes of Endogenous Jasmonic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate in Apples and Sweet Cherries during Fruit Development

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kondo ◽  
Akihiro Tomiyama ◽  
Hideharu Seto
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Apple Seeds

Trans-jasmonic acid (JA), cis-JA, and trans-methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were quantified in pulp and seeds of `Tsugaru' apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and `Satohnishiki' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Trans-JA and cis-JA showed similar changes during development in both types of fruit. JA concentration was high in the early growth stages of apple pulp development, decreased with days after full bloom (DAFB), and then increased again during maturation. There was an initial decrease in concentration of MeJA in apple pulp, followed by a general increase towards harvest. Concentrations of JA and MeJA in the pulp of sweet cherry were high during early growth stages, then decreased towards harvest. PDJ treatment at 104 DAFB (preclimacteric stage) increased endogenous abscisic acid concentration and anthocyanin concentration at 122 and 131 DAFB (maturation stages) in apple. JA concentration in apple seeds was also high in the early growth stages, then decreased, and finally peaked at harvest. MeJA concentration in apple seeds increased towards harvest. In the seeds of sweet cherry, JA and MeJA concentrations generally increased until harvest. In both types of fruit, concentrations of JA and MeJA in the seeds were higher than those of pulp. On a dry weight basis, changes in concentration in the seeds preceded those in the pulp. These results demonstrate that relatively high amounts of JA and MeJA are associated with young developing fruit. These substances may have a role in regulation of fruit growth at early growth stages, though this has not been demonstrated. Chemical name used: n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ).

scholarly journals Role of Proline in Mitigating the Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress in Chillies

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Akram ◽  
C.M. Ayyub ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
Ali Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency

Summary Chilli is a spicy crop which belongs to family Solanaceae. As a vegetable crop, it is considered as one of the major cultivated crops in the world seriously affected by the climatic changes, including elevation in temperature. Therefore, in this research various morpho-physiological characteristics of chilli were studied for heat tolerance under the influence of exogenous application of proline. This research was carried out in a growth room of the Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four chilli genotypes were evaluated under the applied conditions. Seeds were grown in plastic pots. Heat stress (40/32 ºC day and night temperature) was applied 30 days after the emergence. Foliar spray of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) was applied during heat stress, and after 7 days of stress the plants were harvested. The results revealed that the inhibition of chilli growth by heat stress was successfully mediated by proline application. Morphological attributes such as the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight were reduced in response to heat stress, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and chlorophyll contents were also reduced in response to heat stress, except transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, which increased under heat stress and showed recovery by proline application. Exogenous application of proline promoted tolerance against heat stress in chilli genotypes and enhanced growth. All the observed traits exhibited recovery in response to proline stimulus, indicating the role of proline in mitigating the consequences of heat stress. Recovery also depends on genetic capability of various cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of one haustorium-inducing quinone DMBQ on growth and development of root hemiparasitic plant Monochasma savatieri

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Inducing Factors ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT: Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim is a perennial, parasitic herb used in traditional Chinese medicine and its wild resources have decreased sharply in recent years due to destructively harvesting and habitat destruction. Haustorium formation is a key event of parasites, but the concentrations of haustorium-inducing factors vary with species and cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of the 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) concentration and cultivation density on the growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass of M. savatieri in the absence of a host plant. The results showed that both the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density regulated growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass in M. savatieri. The number of haustoria was significantly positively correlated with seedling height, maximum root length, the number of root tips and total dry weight. Membership function analysis revealed an overall greater increase in growth traits, haustorium formation and biomass when M. savatieri was treated with 10 μmol·L-1DMBQ and grew solitarily. These results offer an understanding of growth in M. savatieri influenced by the DMBQ concentration and cultivation density, which may aid in the establishment of a comprehensive cultivation system for M. savatieri or similar plants.

scholarly journals The Role of Leaves and Carbohydrates in Flowering of Protea cv. Lady Di

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
Audrey I. Gerber ◽  
Karen I. Theron ◽  
Gerard Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Early Stages

Inflorescence initiation in Protea cv. Lady Di (P. magnifica Link × P. compacta R. Br.) occurs predominantly on the spring growth flush when it is subtended by one or more previous growth flushes. Mature, over-wintering leaves are essential for induction of flowering in `Lady Di', and are also crucial to the early stages of inflorescence initiation and differentiation. Defoliation before elongation of the spring growth flush was complete prevented flowering, and shoots either remained vegetative or produced inflorescences that aborted. Levels of carbohydrates in the stem and leaves of overwintering shoots were low, and early growth and development of both the spring flush and inflorescence were, therefore, supported by current photosynthates from the mature leaves on the overwintering shoot. Likewise, reserve carbohydrates available in the flowering shoot were insufficient to account for the rapid increase in dry weight during the major portion of growth of the spring flush and inflorescence. This increase occurred after elongation of the spring flush was complete and was supported by current photosynthates from the leaves of the spring flush. Defoliation treatments that did not prevent inflorescence initiation had no effect on inflorescence development or on flowering time.

scholarly journals The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasitic Monochasma savatieri before and after attachment to the host plant

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9780
Author(s):  
Lanlan Chen ◽  
Zaibiao Zhu ◽  
Qiaosheng Guo ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Host Associations

Background Monochasma savatieri is an endangered hemiparasitic medicinal plant with a variety of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the urgent need to understand the parasitic biology of M. savatieri, parasite-host associations have long been neglected in studies of M. savatieri. Methods We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to analyze changes in the growth traits, physiological performance and anatomical structures of M. savatieri grown with the potential host Gardenia jasminoides E., before and after the establishment of the parasite-host association. Results Prior to the establishment of the parasite-host association, the presence of the host had no significant effect on the maximum root length, leaf indexes or total dry weight of M. savatieri seedlings, but had significant positive effect on seedling height, number of roots or number of haustoria. When it was continuously grown without a host, M. savatieri growth was rather slow. The establishment of the parasite-host association enhanced the growth of M. savatieri, and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde accumulation were observed in M. savatieri with an established parasite-host association. Furthermore, an analysis of the anatomical structures of M. savatieri showed that the establishment of the parasite-host association enabled better development of the seedling vegetative organs than that in seedlings without parasite-host associations. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the physiological and anatomical changes that occurred in M. savatieri after connection with a host and suggests that the enhanced growth and development of M. savatieri were highly dependent on the parasite-host association.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF EGGPLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu-Alaees & AL-Baity
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture Department and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib  In the spring season 2014 to study the Role of Sustainable agriculture in the growth and yield of Eggplant, were studied of Two factors the first factor represent two treatment, first is shading with plastic nets (50% light) and the second without shading, each of these treatment contained three replicates and distributed randomly these eight treatments (without adding, Endospor Dry Mix, Biohealth, Amino Alexin, interacion between Endospor Dry Mix and Biohealth interaction between Endospor Dry Mix and Amino Alexin interaction between Biohealth and Amino Alexin triple interaction between Endospor Dry Mix and Biohealth and Amino Alexin and symbolized by (Control, A, B, O, AB, AO, BO and ABO). The experiment carried out within (Nested Design), and analyzed according to test least significant difference ( LSD) and at the probability level of 5%, Results showed the treatment A gavr a significant increase at height of the plant (98.5 cm), and the number of leaves (135.0 leaf.plant-1), and the dry weight of vegetative (125.8 g), and the length of the main root (51.17 cm), and the dry weight of roots (17.82  g), and the length of the fruit (11.64 cm), and the diameter of the fruit (6.40 cm), and the number of fruits (13.45 fruit), and the plant yield (2.30kg.plant-1). It excelled treatment using  biostimulative ABO significantly in (leaf content of N 3.045%), and ( leaf contant P 0.684%), and (leaf content K 2.878%). The treatment of shading significantly in the plant height (97.6 cm), and the number of  leaves (117.4 leaf.plant-1), and the dry weight of vegetative (108.5 g), and the length of the main root (47.54 cm) and the dry weight of the roots (12.91 g) and the length of the fruit (11.14 cm) and the fruit diameter (6.71 cm) and the weight of the fruit (169.6 g) and the number of fruits (11.21 fruit.plant-1) and the plant yield (1.91 kg.plant-1). The interaction between treatment A and shading significantly in the number of leaves (150.0 leaf.plant-1), and the dry weight of vegetative (136.7 g) and the length of the main root (53.0 cm), and the dry weight of roots (21.38 g) and the length of the fruit (12.80 cm) and the number of fruits (14.37 fruit. plant -1) and the plant yield (2.47 kg.plant-1). The interaction between the treatment AO and the shading significantly in the plant height (122.7 cm), and the length of the main root (53.00 cm) and the diameter of the fruit (7.10 cm).

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