scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of flowering regulation by sowing date in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yin ◽  
Hengyu Ma ◽  
Mengjia Wang ◽  
Guang Chu ◽  
Yuanhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Flowering Regulation

AbstractHybrid japonica cultivars, such as the Yongyou series, have shown high yield potential in the field in both the early and late growing seasons. Moreover, understanding the responses of rice flowering dates to temperature and light is critical for improving yield performance. However, few studies have analyzed flowering genes in high-yielding japonica cultivars. Based on the five sowing date experiments from 2019 to 2020, select the sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 and the insensitive cultivar Ninggeng 4 and take their flag leaves and panicles for transcriptome analysis. The results showed that compared with sowing date 1 (6/16), after the sowing date was postponed (sowing date 5, 7/9), 4480 and 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the leaves and panicles in Ninggeng 4, 9275 and 2475 DEGs were detected in the leaves and panicles in Yongyou 538, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that both Ninggeng 4 and Yongyou 538 regulated rice flowering through the plant circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Gene expression analysis showed that Os01g0566050 (OsELF3-2), Os01g0182600 (OsGI), Os11g0547000 (OsFKF1), Os06g0275000 (Hd1), and Os09g0513500 (FT-1) were expressed higher and Os02g0771100 (COP1-1) was expressed lower in Yongyou 538 compared with Ninggeng 4 as the climate conditions changed, which may be the key genes that regulate the flowering process with the change of temperature and light resources in sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 in the late season.

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Developing new lines of Japonica rice for higher quality and yield under arid conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11592
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A.A. El Sayed ◽  
Ahmed M.S. Kheir ◽  
Fatma A. Hussein ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Mahmoud E. Selim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

Rice is the world’s largest food crop, and its production needs to be doubled by 2050 to cope with population growth and associated demand. In addition to the value of improving yields, quality is also important for breeders and consumers, but it pays less attention in arid regions. During two successive summer growing seasons, the experimental material focused on 34 genotypes developed from different crosses on Fn generation after fixation as well as six of the most recent commercial cultivars used for comparisons. The results showed that a high yield of grain followed by high milling and grain quality characteristics were observed among the 34 genotypes used in this analysis. Highly important and positive correlations between the percentage of hulling and the percentage of milling (0.424) and the yield ability could be accomplished by choosing the number of panicles per plant and the weight of the panicles. Selection criteria for good quality should be met by the percentage of head rice and many mineral elements, particularly zinc and iron. As a consequence, the genotypes M.J 5460S/SK105-1, M.J 5460S/GZ7768-1, M.J 5460S/G177-1, M.J 5460S/SK105-3 and M.J 5460S/SK106-4 had desirable high yield and quality characteristics and could be used as promising accessions to the rice breeding program in arid regions. In addition to commercial genotypes, improved Japonica rice genotypes could be produced in arid conditions for higher yield and quality, leading to an increase in total production, supporting food security and nutrition.

Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South West ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia’s high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia’s HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia’s HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6 t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10 t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7 t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45 t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (<30% of years) is likely to limit the potential to use winter cultivars. Prospects to graze shorter season spring cultivars that fit later sowing windows require further examination in south-west WA, the slopes of NSW and southern Queensland.

scholarly journals DRY MATTER AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION CURVE IN CABBAGE CROP

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
LUIZ OTÁVIO DUARTE ◽  
JUNIA MARIA CLEMENTE ◽  
ILÍDIO AUGUSTO BORGES CAIXETA ◽  
MARCELO DE PAULA SENOSKI ◽  
LEONARDO ANGELO DE AQUINO
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Accumulation Curve ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
High Yield Potential

Abstract Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.

scholarly journals Descriptive Statistics and Heritability for Agronomic Traits and Grain Micronutrient Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Breeding Programmes

In the present investigation, 10 parents and their 45 crosses (half diallel) along with 2 standard checks (Rajendra Nilam and Rajendra Mahsuri-1) were evaluated during Kharif, 2018 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Rice Farm Section, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Bihar. The objective of this study was to identify promising rice genotypes having desirable combination of morphological traits along with high grain iron and zinc content and high grain yield potential. The results of variability parameters indicated that ample amount of genetic variability was present for all the studied traits. Most of the traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating fruitfulness of selection for improvement of these traits. One genotype (P2×P7) with high grain iron (16.10 ppm) and grain zinc (26.40 ppm) content along with high yield (43.12 g/plant) was identified. Genotypes with high grain iron coupled with high grain yield (P7×P9, P8×P9, P5×P7 and P5×P9) and high  grain zinc content coupled with high grain yield (P4×P7, P9×P10, P8×P9 and P5×P7) were also identified. These promising genotypes identified can be used further in breeding programmes to obtain superior segregants with high grain micronutrient content and high grain yield.

scholarly journals Examination of the impact of sowing technology models on the ear, constiuent and yield parameters of the yield formation elements of maize hybrids of different genotypes

2013 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Enikő Bene
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hybrid Group

Production year 2012 has been characterised by climatic extremities. The weather of this year can be considered very contradictory in terms of maize production. The droughty conditions of the winter and spring months had a negative effect on both germination and starting vigour. The favourable weather of May-July created ideal conditions for intensive growth and generative processes; however the lack of precipitation in August and September had a damaging effect on the development of yield composing elements and grain saturation processes as well. Under such circumstances, the sowing date models caused significant differences in the yield and quality of the hybrids belonging to different growth periods. The growing period of the maize hybrids has been shortened as a result of the unfavourable climatic conditions. Based on the trial results, it is verifiable that short growing period hybrids can be securely sown in draughty years even with a later sowing date, however using a later sowing date in the case of longer growth period hybrids may result even in a yield loss of 2–3 t ha-1. In the case of early and average sowing dates, with given yearly conditions the hybrids of the observed FAO 370-390 hybrid group provided the best result (12.40 t ha-1, 10.99 t ha-1), while in the case of the third, late sowing date the yield dominance of the FAO 290-350 hybrid group is the most significant (10.08 t ha-1). The analysis of the yield composing elements found that the P9578 hybrid has the highest shelling ratio, while its cob is the shortest. The P9494 hybrid has a high yield and the highest thousand grain weight, while the DKC 4983 has the longest cob and its thousand grain weight is above 300 g. The results confirm the fact that DKC 4590 has the highest yield potential and starch content, while in terms of oil and protein content the Szegedi 386 and NK Octet hybrids are the most important.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Marcin Studnicki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Important Region

SummaryTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.

scholarly journals Agronomic Responses of Soybean Genotypes to Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
Snežana Đorđević ◽  
Zorica Bijelić ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Vlada Pantelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Favorable Weather

The main nitrogen (N) sources in soybean production originate from soil fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium spp. and from mineralization of soil organic N. These sources of N are often not sufficient to cover the N needs of the soybean. The present two-year field study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean genotypes (Valjevka and Galina) and rates of starter fertilizer N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1) on quantitative and qualitative parameters and on rain use efficiency (RUE) under contrasting weather conditions in the Pannonian region of Serbia. A field study conducted during two different growing seasons: first year with unfavorable weather conditions and second year with favorable weather conditions. As expected, the quantitative parameters, oil content, and RUE were higher in the year with favorable growing season, the second one. According to measured parameters, the genotype Valjevka performed higher yield potential as compared to the genotype Galina. The highest values of quantitative parameters and RUE were recorded at 60 kg N ha−1, protein content at 90 kg N ha−1 and oil content 0 kg N ha−1 (control). This study suggests that proper genotype selection and application of 60 kg N ha−1 as a starter dose with rhizobial inoculation could contribute to the high yield, while protein could be altered by N amount, independently on genotype.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Irfan ERDEMCI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Southeast Anatolia

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.

Corrigendum to: Optimising grain yield and grazing potential of crops across Australia’s high-rainfall zone: a simulation analysis. 1. Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay W. Bell ◽  
Julianne M. Lilley ◽  
James R. Hunt ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Crop Density

Interest is growing in the potential to expand cropping into Australia's high-rainfall zone (HRZ). Dual-purpose crops are suited to the longer growing seasons in these environments to provide both early grazing for livestock and later regrow to produce grain. Grain yield and grazing potential of wheats of four different maturity types were simulated over 50 years at 13 locations across Australia's HRZ, and sowing date, nitrogen (N) availability and crop density effects were explored. Potential grazing days on wheat were obtained by simulating sheep grazing crops to Zadoks growth stage Z30 at 25 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha. Optimal sowing dates for each maturity type at each location were matched to the flowering window during which risk of frost and heat stress was lowest. Overall, we found significant national potential for dual-purpose use of winter wheat cultivars across Australia's HRZ, with opportunities identified in all regions. Simulated mean wheat yields exceeded 6t/ha at most locations, with highest mean grain yields (8–10t/ha) in southern Victoria, and lower yields (5–7t/ha) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) and central and northern New South Wales (NSW). Highest grazing days were from winter cultivars sown early (March–mid-April), which could provide 1700–3000 DSE-days/ha of grazing across HRZ locations; this was 2–3 times higher than could be obtained from grazing spring cultivars (200–800 DSE-days/ha). Sowing date was critical to maximise both grazing and grain yield potential from winter cultivars; each 1-week delay in sowing after 8 March reduced grazing by 200–250 DSE-days/ha and grain yield by 0.45t/ha. However, in Mediterranean climates, a lower frequency of early sowing opportunities before mid-April (

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