scholarly journals Proteomic profile and morphological characteristics of skeletal muscle from the fast- and slow-growing yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kwasek ◽  
Young Min Choi ◽  
Hanping Wang ◽  
Kichoon Lee ◽  
John Mark Reddish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Slow Growing

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare skeletal muscle proteomic profiles, histochemical characteristics, and expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) between fast- versus slow-growing yellow perch Perca flavescens and identify the proteins/peptides that might play a crucial role in the muscle growth dynamic. Yellow perch were nursed in ponds for 6 weeks from larval stage and cultured in two meter diameter tanks thereafter. The fingerlings were graded to select the top 10% and bottom 10% fish which represented fast- and slow-growing groups (31 yellow perch per each group). Our statistical analyses showed 18 proteins that had different staining intensities between fast- and slow-growing yellow perch. From those proteins 10 showed higher expression in slow-growers, and 8 demonstrated higher expression in fast-growers. Fast-growing yellow perch with a greater body weight was influenced by both the muscle fiber hypertrophy and mosaic hyperplasia compared to slow-growing fish. These hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth in fast-grower were associated with not only metabolic enzymes, including creatine kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, and aldolase, but also myoD and myogenin as MRFs. Overall, the results of the present study contribute to the identification of different expression patterns of gene products in fast- and slow-growing fish associated with their muscle growth.

Branching complexity and morphological characteristics of coarse woody structure as lacustrine fish habitat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Newbrey ◽  
Michael A Bozek ◽  
Martin J Jennings ◽  
James E Cook
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Rock Bass ◽  
Ambloplites Rupestris

The objective of this study was to quantify the physical characteristics of coarse woody structure (CWS) as fish habitat in a north temperate lake. Sixteen species of fish were observed in submerged CWS habitat. Branching complexity, distance above the bole, area below the bole, distance to other CWS, and water depth around CWS were significantly related to abundance of schooling cyprinids (Cyprinidae), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and walleye (Sander vitreus). Branching complexity was the most common characteristic of CWS related to richness, diversity, and total adult abundance of fish taxa, but was not correlated with the total lengths of fish found in submerged trees. Branching-complexity values ranged from 1 (simple) to 500 (moderately complex) in the littoral zone; for comparison, a living riparian conifer had a branching-complexity value of over 1000. Most CWS in the littoral zone was composed of simple trees without branching, but fish tended to inhabit CWS with branching-complexity values greater than 45. This study shows the importance of CWS with fine branching as littoral-zone fish habitat.

The effect of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, on overloaded rat skeletal muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
M. I. Delday ◽  
S. M. Hay ◽  
F. G. Smith ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Agent ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Fibre Size

The dietary administration of clenbuterol to young male rats has been shown to produce a muscle specific hypertrophic growth response. This paper demonstrates that the combined effect of drug treatment and hypertrophic stimulus induced by tenotomy produced an additive effect on muscle growth. This effect was demonstrated in terms of both muscle composition (protein and RNA) and fibre size.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of myosin Family Genes in Sebastes schlegelii

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Chaofan Jin ◽  
Mengya Wang ◽  
Weihao Song ◽  
Xiangfu Kong ◽  
Fengyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Sebastes Schlegelii

Myosins are important eukaryotic motor proteins that bind actin and utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to perform a broad range of functions such as muscle contraction, cell migration, cytokinesis, and intracellular trafficking. However, the characterization and function of myosin is poorly studied in teleost fish. In this study, we identified 60 myosin family genes in a marine teleost, black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), and further characterized their expression patterns. myosin showed divergent expression patterns in adult tissues, indicating they are involved in different types and compositions of muscle fibers. Among 12 subfamilies, S. schlegelii myo2 subfamily was significantly expanded, which was driven by tandem duplication events. The up-regulation of five representative genes of myo2 in the skeletal muscle during fast-growth stages of juvenile and adult S. schlegelii revealed their active role in skeletal muscle fiber synthesis. Moreover, the expression regulation of myosin during the process of myoblast differentiation in vitro suggested that they contribute to skeletal muscle growth by involvement of both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, our work characterized myosin genes systemically and demonstrated their diverse functions in a marine teleost species. This lays foundation for the further studies of muscle growth regulation and molecular mechanisms of indeterminate skeletal muscle growth of large teleost fishes.

scholarly journals Age-Related Exosomal and Endogenous Expression Patterns of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in Skeletal Muscles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystalla Mytidou ◽  
Andrie Koutsoulidou ◽  
Margarita Zachariou ◽  
Marianna Prokopi ◽  
Konstantinos Kapnisis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Age Related

Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance depend on two tightly regulated processes, myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Both processes involve a series of crucial regulatory molecules including muscle-specific microRNAs, known as myomiRs. We recently showed that four myomiRs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206, are encapsulated within muscle-derived exosomes and participate in local skeletal muscle communication. Although these four myomiRs have been extensively studied for their function in muscles, no information exists regarding their endogenous and exosomal levels across age. Here we aimed to identify any age-related changes in the endogenous and muscle-derived exosomal myomiR levels during acute skeletal muscle growth. The four endogenous and muscle-derived myomiRs were investigated in five skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps) of 2-week–1-year-old wild-type male mice. The expression of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b was found to increase rapidly until adolescence in all skeletal muscles, whereas during adulthood it remained relatively stable. By contrast, endogenous miR-206 levels were observed to decrease with age in all muscles, except for soleus. Differential expression of the four myomiRs is also inversely reflected on the production of two protein targets; serum response factor and connexin 43. Muscle-derived exosomal miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b levels were found to increase until the early adolescence, before reaching a plateau phase. Soleus was found to be the only skeletal muscle to release exosomes enriched in miR-206. In this study, we showed for the first time an in-depth longitudinal analysis of the endogenous and exosomal levels of the four myomiRs during skeletal muscle development. We showed that the endogenous expression and extracellular secretion of the four myomiRs are associated to the function and size of skeletal muscles as the mice age. Overall, our findings provide new insights for the myomiRs’ significant role in the first year of life in mice.

scholarly journals The m6A methyltransferase METTL3 regulates muscle maintenance and growth in mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Petrosino ◽  
Scott A. Hinger ◽  
Volha A. Golubeva ◽  
Juan M. Barajas ◽  
Lisa E. Dorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Hypertrophic Response ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Muscle Proteome ◽  
Exogenous Delivery ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

AbstractSkeletal muscle serves fundamental roles in organismal health. Gene expression fluctuations are critical for muscle homeostasis and the response to environmental insults. Yet, little is known about post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating such fluctuations while impacting muscle proteome. Here we report genome-wide analysis of mRNA methyladenosine (m6A) dynamics of skeletal muscle hypertrophic growth following overload-induced stress. We show that increases in METTL3 (the m6A enzyme), and concomitantly m6A, control skeletal muscle size during hypertrophy; exogenous delivery of METTL3 induces skeletal muscle growth, even without external triggers. We also show that METTL3 represses activin type 2 A receptors (ACVR2A) synthesis, blunting activation of anti-hypertrophic signaling. Notably, myofiber-specific conditional genetic deletion of METTL3 caused spontaneous muscle wasting over time and abrogated overload-induced hypertrophy; a phenotype reverted by co-administration of a myostatin inhibitor. These studies identify a previously unrecognized post-transcriptional mechanism promoting the hypertrophic response of skeletal muscle via control of myostatin signaling.

scholarly journals Chemoradiation impairs myofiber hypertrophic growth in a pediatric tumor model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Paris ◽  
Jacob G. Kallenbach ◽  
John F. Bachman ◽  
Roméo S. Blanc ◽  
Carl J. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Pediatric Tumor ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Myonuclear Domain

Abstract Pediatric cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation, where off-target effects can include skeletal muscle decline. The effect of such treatments on juvenile skeletal muscle growth has yet to be investigated. We employed a small animal irradiator to administer fractionated hindlimb irradiation to juvenile mice bearing implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors. Hindlimb-targeted irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) of 4-week-old mice successfully eliminated RMS tumors implanted one week prior. After establishment of this preclinical model, a cohort of tumor-bearing mice were injected with the chemotherapeutic drug, vincristine, alone or in combination with fractionated irradiation (5 × 4.8 Gy). Single myofiber analysis of fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-contracting soleus (SOL) muscles was conducted 3 weeks post-treatment. Although a reduction in myofiber size was apparent, EDL and SOL myonuclear number were differentially affected by juvenile irradiation and/or vincristine treatment. In contrast, a decrease in myonuclear domain (myofiber volume/myonucleus) was observed regardless of muscle or treatment. Thus, inhibition of myofiber hypertrophic growth is a consistent feature of pediatric cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Zebrafish skeletal muscle cell cultures: Monolayer to three-dimensional tissue engineered collagen constructs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K Vishnolia ◽  
N.R.W Martin ◽  
D.J Player ◽  
E Spikings ◽  
M.P Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
3D Cultures

AbstractZebrafish (Danio rerio) are a commonly used model organism to study human muscular myopathies and dystrophies. To date, much of the work has been conducted in vivo due to limitations surrounding the consistent isolation and culture of zebrafish muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) in vitro and the lack of physiologically relevant models.Here we report a robust, repeatable, and cost-effective protocol for the isolation and culture of zebrafish MPCs in conventional monolayer (2D) and have successfully transferred these cells to 3D culture in collagen based three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered constructs. Zebrafish MPC’s cultured in 2D were consistently reported to be Desmin positive reflecting their muscle specificity, with those demonstrating Desmin positivity in the 3D cultures. In addition, mRNA expression of muscle markers specific for proliferation, differentiation and maturation measured from both monolayer and 3D cultures at appropriate developmental stages were found consistent with previously published from other species in vitro and in vivo muscle data.Collagen constructs seeded with zebrafish MPC’s were initially characterised for optimal seeding density, followed by macroscopic characterisation (three-fold contraction) of the matrix. Direct comparison between the morphological characteristics (proportion of cells) and gene expression profiles of cells cultured in collagen constructs revealed higher maturation and differentiation compared to monolayer cultures. In this regard, cells embedded in 3D collagen constructs revealed higher fusion index, Desmin positivity, hypertrophic growth, myotube maturity and myogenic mRNA expression when compared to in monolayer.In conclusion, these methods and models developed herein will facilitate in vitro experiments, which would complement in vivo zebrafish studies used to investigate the basic developmental, myopathies and dystrophies in skeletal muscle cells.

scholarly journals Depletion of resident muscle stem cells inhibits muscle fiber hypertrophy induced by lifelong physical activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis A. Englund ◽  
Kevin A. Murach ◽  
Cory M. Dungan ◽  
Vandré C. Figueiredo ◽  
Ivan J. Vechetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth

AbstractBackgroundA reduction in skeletal muscle stem cell (satellite cell) content with advancing age is thought to directly contribute to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging (sarcopenia). However, we reported that the depletion of satellite cells throughout adulthood did not affect the onset or degree of sarcopenia observed in sedentary old mice. The current study was designed to determine if lifelong physical activity would alter the requirements for satellite cells during aging.MethodsWe administered vehicle or tamoxifen to adult (5 months old) female Pax7-DTA mice for 5 consecutive days to effectively deplete satellite cells. Following a 2-month washout period, mice were assigned to physically active (free access to a running wheel) or sedentary (locked running wheel) conditions. Thirteen months later, at a mean age of 20 months, mice were sacrificed for subsequent analysis.ResultsSatellite cell depletion throughout adulthood negatively impacted physical function and limited muscle fiber hypertrophy in response to lifelong physical activity. To further interrogate these findings, we performed transcriptome-wide analyses on the hind limb muscles that experienced hypertrophic growth (plantaris and soleus) in response to lifelong physical activity. Our findings demonstrate that satellite cell function is muscle type-specific; fusion with fibers is apparent in oxidative muscles, while initiation of Gαi2 signaling appears to require satellite cells in glycolytic muscles to induce muscle growth..ConclusionsThese findings suggest that satellite cells, or their secretory products, are viable therapeutic targets to preserve physical function with aging and promote muscle growth in older adults who regularly engage in physical activity.

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