scholarly journals Microbiota composition and intestinal integrity remain unaltered after the inclusion of hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana in Sparus aurata diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Cerezo-Ortega ◽  
D. E. Di Zeo-Sánchez ◽  
J. García-Márquez ◽  
I. Ruiz-Jarabo ◽  
M. I. Sáez-Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

AbstractThe use of lysed microalgae in the diet of carnivorous fish can increase the bioavailability of proteins and bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins in the digestive tract. These are essential molecules for the proper physiological development of fish in aquaculture. However, some antinutritional components and other undesirable molecules can be released from an excess of microalgae supplied, compromising the integrity of the intestine. The inclusion of small amounts of hydrolized microalgae in the fish diet can be a good strategy to avoid negative effects, improving the availability of beneficial compounds. Nannochloropsis gaditana is an interesting microalgae as it contains nutraceuticals. Previous studies reported beneficial effects after its inclusion in the diet of Sparus aurata, a widely cultured species in Europe and in all Mediterranean countries. However, administration of raw microalgae can produce intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and disturbance of digestion and absorption processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier stability of S. aurata fed with low inclusion (5%) hydrolysed N. gaditana. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology and libraries were constructed using variable regions V3–V4 of 16S rDNA molecules. Analysis were based in the identification, quantification and comparison of sequences. The predictive intestinal microbial functionality was analyzed with PICRUSt software. The results determined that the intestinal microbiota bacterial composition and the predictive intestinal microbiota functionality did not change statistically after the inclusion of N. gaditana on the diet. The study of gene expression showed that genes involved in intestinal permeability and integrity were not altered in fish treated with the experimental diet. The potential functionality and bacterial taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the expression of integrity and permeability genes in the intestine of the carnivorous fish S. aurata were not affected by the inclusion of hydrolysed 5% N. gaditana microalgae.

scholarly journals AB0073 INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1067.1-1067
Author(s):  
S. Hecquet ◽  
P. Totoson ◽  
H. Martin ◽  
C. Prati ◽  
D. Wendling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Permeability Evaluation

Background:Growing evidence argue for a role of the gut in the pathophysiology of various chronic rheumatic diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA). This so-called “gut-joint axis” involves dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, intestinal inflammation and increase in intestinal permeability. Recent data from clinical and basic research suggested that the integrity of the intestinal barrier might be a key determinant in translating autoimmunity to inflammation, making intestinal permeability a potential marker or a target for future therapies.Objectives:To analyse the available data on intestinal permeability in SpA patients and the effects of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on intestinal permeability.Methods:A systematic review was conducted. Without date restriction, the following databases were searched through September 1, 2020: Medline, Embase and Cochrane. Studies with patients with SpA assessing the intestinal permeability were selected. Some of the included studies have assessed the effect of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability.Results:A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis. The 12 studies involved a total of 268 SpA patients, including 240 ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Among the studies included, four studies used the lactulose/mannitol test, four studies used the 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic test and two studies used the polyethylene glycols test. Nine of the 12 studies reported increased intestinal permeability regardless on the method used for intestinal permeability evaluation. Four studies evaluated the link between disease activity, assessed by CRP and ESR levels, and intestinal permeability and showed no correlation between increased intestinal permeability and markers of disease activity in AS patients. As regards the effects of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability, data are controversial. Two studies, including one evaluating indomethacin, did not show any influence of NSAIDs in AS patients, one study showed an increase in intestinal permeability under NSAIDs in only 60% of the patients, another study reported increased intestinal permeability. When comparing the effect of NSAIDs in patients with AS to healthy subjects, one study reported a comparable NSAIDs-induced increase in intestinal permeability in both groups.Conclusion:The results of our review suggest that increased intestinal permeability is present in SpA patients even in the absence of NSAIDs use and regardless of the method used to assess intestinal permeability. The effects of NSAIDs on intestinal permeability in SpA patients is more controversial and further studies are needed to clarify them.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Non-autophagy role of Atg5 and NBR1 in unconventional secretion of IL-12 prevents gut dysbiosis and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Merkley ◽  
Samuel M. Goodfellow ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Zoe E.R. Wilton ◽  
Janie R. Byrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Late Endosome ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Cargo Receptor ◽  
Unconventional Secretion ◽  
Genetic Deletion

ABSTRACTIntestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy related 5 (Atg5) protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells (Atg5ΔMye) showed signs of dysbiosis prior to colitis and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterized by increased IFNγ production. This increase in IFNγ was due to excess IL-12 secretion from Atg5-deficient myeloid cells. Atg5 functions to limit IL-12 secretion through modulation of late endosome (LE) acidity. Additionally, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1, which accumulates in Atg5-deficient cells, played a role by delivering IL-12 to LE. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota and alleviation of intestinal inflammation was achieved by genetic deletion of IL-12 in Atg5ΔMye mice. In summary, Atg5 expression in intestinal myeloid cells acts as an anti-inflammatory brake to regulate IL-12 thus preventing dysbiosis and uncontrolled IFNγ-driven intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Intestinal Barrier Function and Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Additional Arginine, Combination of Arginine and Glutamine or an Amino Acid-Based Solution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Reza Barekatain ◽  
Tristan Chalvon-Demersay ◽  
Clive McLaughlan ◽  
William Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg); the combination of Arg and glutamine (Gln); as well as an amino acid-based solution (MIX) containing Arg, Gln, threonine (Thr), and grape extract, on performance, intestinal permeability, and expression of selected mechanistic genes. Using 240 male Ross 308 off-sex broiler chickens, four experimental treatments were replicated six times with 10 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments included 5 g/kg Arg, 2.5 g/kg Arg and 2.5 g/kg Gln, and 1 g/kg MIX added to a basal diet as control. In the second study, the four dietary treatments were then given to 24 birds with or without a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), as a gut dysfunction model. Feed conversion ratio was improved by all the supplemented treatments from day 7 to 35 of age (p < 0.001). DEX injections increased (p < 0.001) the intestinal permeability in all treatments, which tended to be reversed by Arg or MIX. Additional Arg, Arg-Gln, and MIX suppressed (p < 0.05) the overexpression of IL-1β generated by DEX. Feeding birds with MIX treatment increased (p < 0.05) expression of SGLT-1 and glutathione synthetase. In conclusion, tested amino acid supplements were effective in improving feed efficiency and restraining intestinal inflammation caused by DEX through IL-1β pathway.

scholarly journals Salmonella -Mediated Inflammation Eliminates Competitors for Fructose-Asparagine in the Gut

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikang Wu ◽  
Anice Sabag-Daigle ◽  
Mikayla A. Borton ◽  
Linnea F. M. Kop ◽  
Blake E. Szkoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pathogenicity Islands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gain Access

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica elicits intestinal inflammation to gain access to nutrients. One of these nutrients is fructose-asparagine (F-Asn). The availability of F-Asn to Salmonella during infection is dependent upon Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2, which in turn are required to provoke inflammation. Here, we determined that F-Asn is present in mouse chow at approximately 400 pmol/mg (dry weight). F-Asn is also present in the intestinal tract of germfree mice at 2,700 pmol/mg (dry weight) and in the intestinal tract of conventional mice at 9 to 28 pmol/mg. These findings suggest that the mouse intestinal microbiota consumes F-Asn. We utilized heavy-labeled precursors of F-Asn to monitor its formation in the intestine, in the presence or absence of inflammation, and none was observed. Finally, we determined that some members of the class Clostridia encode F-Asn utilization pathways and that they are eliminated from highly inflamed Salmonella -infected mice. Collectively, our studies identify the source of F-Asn as the diet and that Salmonella -mediated inflammation is required to eliminate competitors and allow the pathogen nearly exclusive access to this nutrient.

scholarly journals Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009584
Author(s):  
Zehra Jamil ◽  
Najeeha Talat Iqbal ◽  
Romana Idress ◽  
Zubair Ahmed ◽  
Kamran Sadiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Multivariable Regression Model ◽  
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Taqman Array

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > −1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = −0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.

The offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia has higher paracellular intestinal permeability and signs of intestinal inflammation

Placenta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. e34-e35
Author(s):  
Barbara Gutierrez ◽  
Maria C. Opazo ◽  
Maximo Diaz ◽  
Jacques Gonzalez ◽  
Philippe Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation

Effects of dietary orange peel on growth performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and liver histology of Gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El‐S. Salem ◽  
Heba M. Abdel‐Ghany ◽  
Ahmed E. Sallam ◽  
Mohamed M. M. El‐Feky ◽  
Hebatollah M. Almisherfi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream

scholarly journals 2262

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Derrick Richard Samuelson ◽  
Vincent Maffei ◽  
Eugene Blanchard ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
Christopher Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Alcohol consumption perturbs the normal intestinal microbial communities (alcohol dysbiosis). To begin to investigate the relationship between alcohol-mediated dysbiosis and host defense we developed an alcohol dysbiosis fecal adoptive transfer model, which allows us to isolate the host immune response to a pathogenic challenge at a distal organ (ie, the lung). This model system allowed us to determine whether the host immune responses to Klebsiella pneumoniae are altered by ethanol-associated dysbiosis, independent of alcohol use. We hypothesized that alcohol-induced changes in intestinal microbial communities would impair pulmonary host defenses against K. pneumoniae. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics daily for 2 weeks. Microbiota-depleted mice were then recolonized by gavage for 3-days with intestinal microbiota from ethanol-fed or pair-fed animals. Following recolonization groups of mice were sacrificed prior to and 48 hours post respiratory infection with K. pneumoniae. We then assessed susceptibility to Klebsiella infection by determining colony counts for pathogen burden in the lungs. We also determined lung and intestinal immunology, intestinal permeability, as well as, liver damage and inflammation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that increased susceptibility to K. pneumoniae is, in part, mediated by the intestinal microbiota, as animals recolonized with an alcohol-induced dysbiotic intestinal microbial community have significantly higher lung burdens of K. pneumoniae (5×104 CFU vs. 1×103 CFU) independent of EtOH. We also found that increased susceptibility in alcohol-dysbiosis recolonized animals was associated with a decrease in the recruitment and/or proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (1.5×109 cells vs. 2.5×109 cells) in the lung following Klebsiella infection. However, there were increased numbers of T-cells in the intestinal tract following Klebsiella infection, which may suggest that T cells are being sequestered in the intestinal tract to the detriment of host defense in the lung. Interestingly, mice recolonized with an alcohol-dysbiotic microbiota had increased intestinal permeability as measured by increased levels of serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (55 vs. 30 ng/mL). Alcohol-dysbiotic microbiota also increased liver steatosis (Oil Red-O staining) and liver inflammation (>2-fold expression of IL-17 and IL-23). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our findings suggest that the commensal intestinal microbiota support mucosal host defenses against infectious agents by facilitating normal immune responses to pulmonary pathogens. Our data also suggest that increased intestinal permeability coupled with increased liver inflammation may impair the recruitment/proliferation of immune cells in the respiratory tract following infection. The role of the microbiota during host defense will be important areas of future research directed at understanding the effects of microbial dysbiosis in patients with AUDs.

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