Short‐term supplementation of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) diets with Nannochloropsis gaditana modulates intestinal microbiota without affecting intestinal morphology and function

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Jorge ◽  
Paula Enes ◽  
Cláudia R. Serra ◽  
Carolina Castro ◽  
Paula Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Microbiota composition and intestinal integrity remain unaltered after the inclusion of hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana in Sparus aurata diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Cerezo-Ortega ◽  
D. E. Di Zeo-Sánchez ◽  
J. García-Márquez ◽  
I. Ruiz-Jarabo ◽  
M. I. Sáez-Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

AbstractThe use of lysed microalgae in the diet of carnivorous fish can increase the bioavailability of proteins and bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids or vitamins in the digestive tract. These are essential molecules for the proper physiological development of fish in aquaculture. However, some antinutritional components and other undesirable molecules can be released from an excess of microalgae supplied, compromising the integrity of the intestine. The inclusion of small amounts of hydrolized microalgae in the fish diet can be a good strategy to avoid negative effects, improving the availability of beneficial compounds. Nannochloropsis gaditana is an interesting microalgae as it contains nutraceuticals. Previous studies reported beneficial effects after its inclusion in the diet of Sparus aurata, a widely cultured species in Europe and in all Mediterranean countries. However, administration of raw microalgae can produce intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation and disturbance of digestion and absorption processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the intestinal microbiota and barrier stability of S. aurata fed with low inclusion (5%) hydrolysed N. gaditana. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq technology and libraries were constructed using variable regions V3–V4 of 16S rDNA molecules. Analysis were based in the identification, quantification and comparison of sequences. The predictive intestinal microbial functionality was analyzed with PICRUSt software. The results determined that the intestinal microbiota bacterial composition and the predictive intestinal microbiota functionality did not change statistically after the inclusion of N. gaditana on the diet. The study of gene expression showed that genes involved in intestinal permeability and integrity were not altered in fish treated with the experimental diet. The potential functionality and bacterial taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the expression of integrity and permeability genes in the intestine of the carnivorous fish S. aurata were not affected by the inclusion of hydrolysed 5% N. gaditana microalgae.

scholarly journals The effect of spray‐dried porcine plasma on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) intestinal microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
Silvana T. Tapia‐Paniagua ◽  
Maria del C. Balebona ◽  
Joana P. Firmino ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Spray Dried

scholarly journals Effects of short-term feeding of Bt MON810 maize on growth performance, organ morphology and function in pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Walsh ◽  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Gillian E. Gardiner ◽  
Mary C. Rea ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gm Maize ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mon810 Maize

Male weanling pigs (n32) with a mean initial body weight of 7·5 kg and a mean weaning age of 28 d were used in a 31 d study to investigate the effects of feeding GM (Bt MON810) maize on growth performance, intestinal histology and organ weight and function. At weaning, the pigs were fed a non-GM starter diet during a 6 d acclimatisation period. The pigs were then blocked by weight and litter ancestry and assigned to diets containing 38·9 % GM (Bt MON810) or non-GM isogenic parent line maize for 31 d. Body weight and feed disappearance were recorded on a weekly basis (n16/treatment), and the pigs (n10/treatment) were killed on day 31 for the collection of organ, tissue and blood samples. GM maize-fed pigs consumed more feed than the control pigs during the 31 d study (P < 0·05) and were less efficient at converting feed to gain during days 14–30 (P < 0·01). The kidneys of the pigs fed GM maize tended to be heavier than those of control pigs (P = 0·06); however, no histopathological changes or alterations in blood biochemistry were evident. Small intestinal morphology was not different between treatments. However, duodenal villi of GM maize-fed pigs tended to have fewer goblet cells/μm of villus compared with control pigs (P = 0·10). In conclusion, short-term feeding of Bt MON810 maize to weaned pigs resulted in increased feed consumption, less efficient conversion of feed to gain and a decrease in goblet cells/μm of duodenal villus. There was also a tendency for an increase in kidney weight, but this was not associated with changes in histopathology or blood biochemistry. The biological significance of these findings is currently being clarified in long-term exposure studies in pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by Poultry By-Product Meal and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal on Liver and Intestinal Histomorphology and on Intestinal Microbiota of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Pier Psofakis ◽  
Alexandra Meziti ◽  
Panagiotis Berillis ◽  
Eleni Mente ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement

The effects on liver and intestinal histomorphology and on intestinal microbiota in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed diets that contained poultry by-product meal (PBM) and hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) as fishmeal replacements were studied. Fish fed on a series of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, where fishmeal protein of the control diet (FM diet) was replaced by either PBM or by HFM at 25%, 50% and 100% without amino acid supplementation (PBM25, PBM50, PBM100, HFM25, HFM50 and HFM100 diets) or supplemented with lysine and methionine (PBM25+, PBM50+, HFM25+ and HFM50+ diets). The use of PBM and HFM at 25% fishmeal replacement generated a similar hepatic histomorphology to FM-fed fish, indicating that both land animal proteins are highly digestible at low FM replacement levels. However, 50% and 100% FM replacement levels by either PBM or HFM resulted in pronounced hepatic alterations in fish with the latter causing more severe degradation of the liver. Dietary amino acid supplementation delivered an improved tissue histology signifying their importance at high FM replacement levels. Intestinal microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (58.8%) and Actinobacteria (32.4%) in all dietary groups, but no specific pattern was observed among them at any taxonomic level. This finding was probably driven by the high inter-individual variability observed.

Short‐term metabolic responses of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata , fed diets with different protein and protein: Energy levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Rosa Paulino ◽  
Alexandre Firmino Diógenes ◽  
Kátia Rodrigues Batista Oliveira ◽  
Tamira Maria Orlando ◽  
Priscila Vieira Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Short-Term Supplementation of Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Modulates Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Immune Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenço Ramos-Pinto ◽  
Rita Azeredo ◽  
Carlota Silva ◽  
Luís E. C. Conceição ◽  
Jorge Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Early-Life Intervention Using Exogenous Fecal Microbiota Alleviates Gut Injury and Reduce Inflammation Caused by Weaning Stress in Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Yuchen Zhang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Mengqi Qian ◽  
Zhiren Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
And Function

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could shape the structure of intestinal microbiota in animals. This study was conducted to explore the changes that happen in the structure and function of microbiota caused by weaning stress, and whether early-life FMT could alleviate weaning stress through modifying intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. Diarrheal (D) and healthy (H) weaned piglets were observed, and in the same farm, a total of nine litters newborn piglets were randomly allocated to three groups: sucking normally (S), weaned at 21 d (W), and early-life FMT + weaned at 21 d (FW). The results demonstrated that differences of fecal microbiota existed in group D and H. Early-life FMT significantly decreased diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets. Intestinal morphology and integrity were improved in the FW group. Both ZO-1 and occludin (tight junction proteins) of jejunum were greatly enhanced, while the zonulin expression was significantly down-regulated through early-life FMT. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α (intestinal mucosal inflammatory cytokines) were down-regulated, while IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) was up-regulated by early-life FMT. In addition, early-life FMT increased the variety of the intestinal microbial population and the relative amounts of some beneficial bacteria such as Spirochaetes, Akkermansia, and Alistipes. Functional alteration of the intestinal microbiota revealed that lipid biosynthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were enriched in the FW group. These findings suggested that alteration of the microbiota network caused by weaning stress induced diarrhea, and early-life FMT alleviated weaning stress in piglets, which was characterized by decreased diarrhea incidence, improved intestinal morphology, reduced intestinal inflammation, and modified intestinal bacterial composition and function.

scholarly journals Influence of Low Dietary Inclusion of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubián 1982) on Performance, Fish Morphology, and Muscle Growth in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2270
Author(s):  
María Dolores Ayala ◽  
Carolina Galián ◽  
Victoria Fernández ◽  
Elena Chaves-Pozo ◽  
Daniel García de la Serrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Transverse Area ◽  
Geometric Morphology

A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5.

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