scholarly journals Effect of single tube sections on the structural safety of Chinese solar greenhouse skeletons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingan Liu ◽  
Zhenkun Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yiming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn recent years, the use of single-tube skeletons for the construction of Chinese solar greenhouses has increased. As a consequence, during the selection of the construction materials, the safety of these structures has become an important issue. The single tube section has various forms, but there is no scientific theory to guide the selection process. To the best of our knowledge, the scientific analysis of the impact of single pipe cross section on the safety of greenhouse skeleton has not been addressed so far. In this context, the finite element analysis software was used to calculate and analyze the stress elements, displacement of round tube, Ω tube, elliptic tube and square tube under the same load conditions. We used the Chinese Standard values as a reference and analyzed structural features of different sizes and thicknesses of the greenhouse steel skeleton sections under non-uniform snow load. The results showed that, under the same load condition, the maximum stress in the four skeleton materials was all located at the connection of the transverse tension bar and the front roof. In addition, under same load condition, the greenhouse skeleton with elliptic tube presented the smallest cross-sectional displacement between the different materials tested. The effect of increasing the size of the greenhouse frame was better than that of increasing the greenhouse material thickness. All this work will provide theoretical guidance to the material selection of this structure.

Research on Material Selection with Multi-Attribute Decision Method and G1 Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Attribute Weight ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Judgment Matrix ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

The selection of an optimal material is an important aspect of design for mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical or other application. Many factors (attributes) need to be considered in material selection process, and thus material selection problem is a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problem. This paper proposes a new MADM method for material selection problem. G1 method does not need to test consistency of the judgment matrix. Thus it is better than AHP. In this paper, firstly, we use the G1 method to determine the attribute weight. Then TOPSIS method is used to calculate the closeness of the candidate materials with respect positive solution. A practical material selection case is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Sustainable Construction by Means of Improved Material Selection Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koorosh Gharehbaghi ◽  
Maged Georgy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Selection Factors ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Operation Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Whilst sustainable construction relates to both a building’s structure and the use of proper life cycle processes, the selection of the most appropriate material/s is deemed a considerable undertaking. Throughout a building’s lifecycle that extends from design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, until demolition, the selection of sustainable material/s is a particularly crucial task for the development and establishment of such structures. Traditionally, there are three main materials for general construction: (1) Steel, (2) Concrete and (3) Timber. These materials not only influence the function within the structure, but also affect the operation cost and energy usage. Operation cost reduction and energy savings are typically elements of the sustainable construction sphere. However, in developing countries, there is a variety of highly critical factors, which can impact material selection as well as the long-term sustainability of the structure, including: Fire Performance, Environmental Impact, Structural Performance (strength and durability), and Functioning Capabilities. Accordingly, this paper will first compare the sustainability of these three key materials and then converse with appropriate processes for material selection. Attention will be given to the sustainable construction recompense associated with the different material selection factors. Doing so ensures a more sustainable built environment by means of an improved material selection process.

scholarly journals Material selection and design analysis of multi-purpose disposable safety syringe

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.13) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasri Ishak ◽  
Abd Rahim Abu Talib ◽  
Mohammad Yazdi Harmin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Safety Feature ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Selection For

Current design of safety syringes requires two handed operation and additional processes which is not similar to the normal syringes. Due to this concern, a new design of safety syringe is introduced in order to produce a safety syringe which allows a single-handed operation and similar to the operation of a normal syringes. This paper presents the material selection process and design analysis of a newly devel-oped multi-purpose disposable safety syringe. Based on the design analysis, the force which needed to dismantle the nozzle is found to be 20 N and this value is practical for the end users. The finite element analysis had also shown that the design concept is safe and has safety feature for the user to use. In addition, copolymer is proven as the best material selection for safety syringe production.

The interfacial reliability of through-glass vias for 2.5D integrated circuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Omar Ahmed ◽  
Golareh Jalilvand ◽  
Scott Pollard ◽  
Chukwudi Okoro ◽  
Tengfei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Thermal Mismatch ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interfacial Delamination ◽  
Mismatch Strain ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Interfacial Reliability ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Glass is a promising interposer substrate for 2.5 D integration; yet detailed analysis of the interfacial reliability of through-glass vias (TGVs) has been lacking. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the design and material factors responsible for the interfacial delamination in TGVs and identify methods to improve reliability. Design/methodology/approach The interfacial reliability of TGVs is studied both analytically and numerically. An analytical solution is presented to show the dependence of the energy release rate (ERR) for interfacial delamination on the via design and the thermal mismatch strain. Then, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the influence of detailed design and material factors, including the pitch distance, via aspect ratio, via geometry and the glass and via materials, on the susceptibility to interfacial delamination. Findings ERR for interfacial delamination is directly proportional to the via diameter and the thermal mismatch strain. Thinner wafers with smaller aspect ratios show larger ERRs. Changing the via geometry from a fully filled via to an annular via leads to lower ERR. FEA results also show that certain material combinations have lower thermal mismatch strains, thus less prone to delamination. Practical implications The results and approach presented in this paper can guide the design and development of more reliable 2.5 D glass interposers. Originality/value This paper represents the first attempt to comprehensively evaluate the impact of design and material selection on the interfacial reliability of TGVs.

scholarly journals Selection and spatial arrangement of building materials during the construction of nest turrets by grass-cutting ants

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 201312
Author(s):  
Daniela Römer ◽  
Marcela I. Cosarinsky ◽  
Flavio Roces
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Ants build complex nest structures by reacting to simple, local stimuli. While underground nests result from the space generated by digging, some leaf- and grass-cutting ants also construct conspicuous aboveground turrets around nest openings. We investigated whether the selection of specific building materials occurs during turret construction in Acromyrmex fracticornis grass-cutting ants, and asked whether single building decisions at the beginning can modify the final turret architecture. To quantify workers' material selection, the original nest turret was removed and a choice between two artificial building materials, thin and thick sticks, was offered for rebuilding. Workers preferred thick sticks at the very beginning of turret construction, showed varying preferences thereafter, and changed to prefer thin sticks for the upper, final part of the turret, indicating that they selected different building materials over time to create a stable structure. The impact of a single building choice on turret architecture was evaluated by placing artificial beams that divided a colony's nest entrance at the beginning of turret rebuilding. Splitting the nest entrance led to the self-organized construction of turrets with branched galleries ending in multiple openings, showing that the spatial location of a single building material can strongly influence turret morphology.

Morphometric analysis of myofibre development in the adductor femoris muscle of single and twin fetal lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. McCoard ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
S. W. Peterson ◽  
S. N. McCutcheon ◽  
P. M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Femoris Muscle ◽  
Selection Of

Cellular development of the adductor femoris muscle from twin and single fetuses was studied at 140 days gestation to evaluate the effect of moderate fetal growth retardation on myofibre development. Twin fetuses had lower bodyweights (13%) and disproportionately small adductor femoris muscle weights (22%) compared with single fetuses. Reduced muscle mass was associated with smaller myofibre cross-sectional areas (CSA) and lower DNA content (22%), indicative of fewer myonuclei and retarded myofibre hypertrophy. Myofibre number and the phenotypic maturation of the myofibres were similar between twins and singletons. These results indicate that even modest growth restriction during fetal life can negatively influence myofibre hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of fetal nutrition for muscle growth. Large muscles, such as the adductor femoris, have intrafascicularly terminating myofibres, which necessitates accurate sampling of the muscle when investigating possible perturbations in morphological characteristics (e.g. between singletons and twins). The second objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of the sampling site on the morphological parameters of the adductor femoris muscle. The apparent total myofibre number decreased from the proximal to the distal region of the adductor femoris muscle. The apparent number of slow-twitch fibres also decreased from the proximal to the medial region, but was not different between the medial and distal regions of the muscle. Similarly, myofibre CSA differed between the medial and distal regions. These results indicate that, particularly with large muscles, such as the adductor femoris, which has intrafascicularly terminating myofibres, single site sampling for the determination of morphological fibre characteristics may generate misleading results and that careful selection of the sampling area may be necessary.

Advances in Bonded Insulated Rail Joints to Improve Product Performance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korhan Ciloglu ◽  
Peter C. Frye ◽  
Scott Almes ◽  
Sidney Shue
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heavy Haul ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Impact

Insulated rail joints (IJs) are critical components of railroad track infrastructure. It is essential for IJs to maintain railroad track’s structural continuity while having an important role in track circuit design and implementation. The structural integrity and performance of IJs have been recognized as a key interest area by the railroads as a result of increasing average axle loads and train traffic. While there are many different designs offered by various manufacturers around the globe, the main approach utilized by heavy haul railroads in the US, Canada and many other countries has been to use adhesively bonded insulated joint bars between two rails. This approach offers the benefit of a composite assembly where the continuous bond between rails and bars offer a geometrically uninterrupted transfer of loads between rails and bars. The main components of a bonded IJ are joint bars, insulation material, adhesive, endpost, and bolts or other fasteners. This paper summarizes recent design improvements on these components. The main focus areas of the research are bar design, bar material selection, insulator and adhesive selection and using a novel endpost design for load transfer between two rails. Track support conditions’ impact on IJ performance has also been considered as a factor influencing IJ performance in track and incorporated in the study. The impact of insulation material selection on IJ performance is discussed. Finite element analysis was used extensively in the study where the analysis results were supported by laboratory and field testing. The results of the study indicate dynamic stresses in bonded IJs can be reduced nearly 40% in joint bars by a combination of design improvements on IJ components. Improved bar material properties are expected to lead to considerably reduced risk of bar fatigue failures in track.

Finite Element Analysis of Electroactive and Magnetoactive Coupled Behaviors in Multi-Field Origami Structures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Anil Erol ◽  
Saad Ahmed ◽  
Sarah Masters ◽  
Paris von Lockette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Active origami designs, which incorporate smart materials such as electroactive polymers (EAPs) and magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) into mechanical structures, have shown good promise in engineering applications. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software for two configurations that incorporate a combination of active and passive material layers, namely: 1) a single-notch unimorph folding configuration actuated using only external electric field and 2) a bimorph configuration which is actuated using both electric and magnetic (i.e. multifield) stimuli. Constitutive relations are developed for both electrostrictive and magnetoactive materials to model the coupled behaviors directly. Shell elements are adopted for their capacity of modeling thin films, reduction of computational cost and ability to model the intrinsic coupled behaviors in the active materials under consideration. A microstructure-based constitutive model for electromechanical coupling is introduced to capture the nonlinearity of the EAP’s relaxor ferroelectric response; the electrostrictive coefficients are then used as input in the constitutive modeling of the coupled behavior. The magnetization of the MAE is measured by experiment and then used to calculate magnetic torque under specified external magnetic field. The objective of the study is to verify the effectiveness of the constitutive models to simulate multi-field coupled behaviors of the active origami configurations. Through quantitative comparisons, simulation results show good agreement with experimental data, which is a good validation of the shell models. By investigating the impact of material selection, location, and geometric parameters, FEA can be used in design, reducing trial-and-error iterations in experiments.

scholarly journals Cheminformatics Analysis of Natural Product Scaffolds: Comparison of Scaffolds Produced by Animals, Plants, Fungi and Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ertl ◽  
Tim Schuhmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractNatural products (NPs) have evolved over a very long natural selection process to form optimal interactions with biologically relevant macromolecules. NPs are therefore an extremely useful source of inspiration for the design of new drugs. In the present study we report the results of a cheminformatics analysis of a large database of NP structures focusing on their scaffolds. First, general differences between NP scaffolds and scaffolds from synthetic molecules are discussed, followed by a comparison of the properties of scaffolds produced by different types of organisms. Scaffolds produced by plants are the most complex and those produced by bacteria differ in many structural features from scaffolds produced by other organisms. The results presented here may be used as a guidance in selection of scaffolds for the design of novel NP-like bioactive structures or NP-inspired libraries.

Components for Composite Material Customization System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Nandi ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Selection Of

With the advancements of composite materials and research in nano-composites, designers have the flexibility to select materials from a wide range of properties to meet their specific design needs. Even with all these advancements, the material selection process during design follows a very conventional approach. The conventional approach to material design is to select a certain material from a given pre-set material list that allows the attainment of nearest properties required for the product. One of the disadvantages of this approach is that the trade-off inherent in the selection of material, when multiple properties are targeted, can be cumbersome to achieve or addressed at all. In this paper we present an approach to select and design composite materials, where the designer will have flexibility to select multiple properties of materials during the design of a new product. This approach employs an index for selection combined with heuristic optimization techniques to select the optimized combination of composite materials that could meet closest possible property goals. In the case study presented in this paper, we did not perform any optimization; rather, emphasize is given to the explanation of material selection technique, and an RMS value is introduced as an index for the selection.

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