scholarly journals Author Correction: Dynamic network interactions among distinct brain rhythms as a hallmark of physiologic state and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijing Lin ◽  
Kang K. L. Liu ◽  
Ronny P. Bartsch ◽  
Plamen Ch. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physiologic State

scholarly journals Dynamic network interactions among distinct brain rhythms as a hallmark of physiologic state and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijing Lin ◽  
Kang K. L. Liu ◽  
Ronny P. Bartsch ◽  
Plamen Ch. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Brain Rhythm ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physiologic State

AbstractBrain rhythms are associated with a range of physiologic states, and thus, studies have traditionally focused on neuronal origin, temporal dynamics and fundamental role of individual brain rhythms, and more recently on specific pair-wise interactions. Here, we aim to understand integrated physiologic function as an emergent phenomenon of dynamic network interactions among brain rhythms. We hypothesize that brain rhythms continuously coordinate their activations to facilitate physiologic states and functions. We analyze healthy subjects during sleep, and we demonstrate the presence of stable interaction patterns among brain rhythms. Probing transient modulations in brain wave activation, we discover three classes of interaction patterns that form an ensemble representative for each sleep stage, indicating an association of each state with a specific network of brain-rhythm communications. The observations are universal across subjects and identify networks of brain-rhythm interactions as a hallmark of physiologic state and function, providing new insights on neurophysiological regulation with broad clinical implications.

Emerging concepts in cardiac matrix biologyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 996-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Espira ◽  
Michael P. Czubryt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
And Behavior

The cardiac extracellular matrix, far from being merely a static support structure for the heart, is now recognized to play central roles in cardiac development, morphology, and cell signaling. Recent studies have better shaped our understanding of the tremendous complexity of this active and dynamic network. By activating intracellular signal cascades, the matrix transduces myocardial physical forces into responses by myocytes and fibroblasts, affecting their function and behavior. In turn, cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes play active roles in remodeling the matrix. Coupled with the ability of the matrix to act as a dynamic reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, this interplay between the support structure and embedded cells has the potential to exert dramatic effects on cardiac structure and function. One of the clearest examples of this occurs when cell–matrix interactions are altered inappropriately, contributing to pathological fibrosis and heart failure. This review will examine some of the recent concepts that have emerged regarding exactly how the cardiac matrix mediates these effects, how our collective vision of the matrix has changed as a result, and the current state of attempts to pharmacologically treat fibrosis.

Neuroscience in FPGA and Application in IoT

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Anjali Daisy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Field Programmable Gate Array ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
And Function

Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary science that is focused with the study of the structure and function of the nervous system. It contains the evolution, development, cellular and molecular biology, physiology, anatomy, and pharmacology of the nervous system, as well as computational, interactive, and cognitive neuroscience. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit (IC) that can be programmed in the field after production. FPGAs are likely in principle to have vastly wider potential application than programmable read-only memory (PROM) chips. Internet of things (IoT) is an integrated part of future internet including existing and evolving internet and network developments and could be conceptually defined as a worldwide dynamic network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable protocols communication where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities.

scholarly journals Dynamic Network-Based Relevance Score Reveals Essential Proteins and Functional Modules in Directed Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chou Wu ◽  
Che Lin ◽  
Bor-Sen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Relevance Score ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Function Modules ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

The induction of stem cells toward a desired differentiation direction is required for the advancement of stem cell-based therapies. Despite successful demonstrations of the control of differentiation direction, the effective use of stem cell-based therapies suffers from a lack of systematic knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying directed differentiation. Using dynamic modeling and the temporal microarray data of three differentiation stages, three dynamic protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. The interaction difference networks derived from the constructed networks systematically delineated the evolution of interaction variations and the underlying mechanisms. A proposed relevance score identified the essential components in the directed differentiation. Inspection of well-known proteins and functional modules in the directed differentiation showed the plausibility of the proposed relevance score, with the higher scores of several proteins and function modules indicating their essential roles in the directed differentiation. During the differentiation process, the proteins and functional modules with higher relevance scores also became more specific to the neuronal identity. Ultimately, the essential components revealed by the relevance scores may play a role in controlling the direction of differentiation. In addition, these components may serve as a starting point for understanding the systematic mechanisms of directed differentiation and for increasing the efficiency of stem cell-based therapies.

scholarly journals The endoplasmic reticulum protein SEC22B interacts with NBEAL2 and is required for megakaryocyte α-granule biogenesis

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Lo ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Fred G. Pluthero ◽  
Richard Leung ◽  
Koji Eto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein ◽  
Gray Platelet Syndrome ◽  
Endogenous Proteins ◽  
And Function

Abstract Studies of inherited platelet disorders have provided many insights into platelet development and function. Loss of function of neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2) causes gray platelet syndrome (GPS), where the absence of platelet α-granules indicates NBEAL2 is required for their production by precursor megakaryocytes. The endoplasmic reticulum is a dynamic network that interacts with numerous intracellular vesicles and organelles and plays key roles in their development. The megakaryocyte endoplasmic reticulum is extensive, and in this study we investigated its role in the biogenesis of α-granules by focusing on the membrane-resident trafficking protein SEC22B. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments using tagged proteins expressed in human HEK293 and megakaryocytic immortalized megakaryocyte progenitor (imMKCL) cells established binding of NBEAL2 with SEC22B, and demonstrated that NBEAL2 can simultaneously bind SEC22B and P-selectin. NBEAL2-SEC22B binding was also observed for endogenous proteins in human megakaryocytes using co-IP, and immunofluorescence microscopy detected substantial overlap. SEC22B binding was localized to a region of NBEAL2 spanning amino acids 1798 to 1903, where 2 GPS-associated missense variants have been reported: E1833K and R1839C. NBEAL2 containing either variant did not bind SEC22B coexpressed in HEK293 cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SEC22B in imMKCL cells resulted in decreased NBEAL2, but not vice versa. Loss of either SEC22B or NBEAL2 expression resulted in failure of α-granule production and reduced granule proteins in imMKCL cells. We conclude that SEC22B is required for α-granule biogenesis in megakaryocytes, and that interactions with SEC22B and P-selectin facilitate the essential role of NBEAL2 in granule development and cargo stability.

scholarly journals An oscillopathic approach to developmental dyslexia: from genes to speech processing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Jiménez-Bravo ◽  
Victoria Marrero ◽  
Antonio Benítez-Burraco
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling. Several genes have been linked or associated to the disease, many of which contribute to the development and function of brain areas that are important for auditory and phonological processing. Nonetheless, a clear link between genes, the brain, and the symptoms of dyslexia is still pending. The goal of this paper is contributing to bridge this gap. With this aim, we have focused on how the dyslexic brain fails to process speech sounds and reading cues. We have adopted an oscillatory perspective, according to which dyslexia results from a deficient integration of different brain rhythms during reading/spellings tasks. Moreover, we show that some candidates for this condition are related to brain rhythms. This approach should help gain a better understanding of the aetiology and the clinical presentation of developmental dyslexia, but also achieve an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Delay-correlation landscape reveals characteristic time delays of brain rhythms and heart interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2067) ◽  
pp. 20150182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijing Lin ◽  
Kang K. L. Liu ◽  
Ronny P. Bartsch ◽  
Plamen Ch. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Cardiac Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Eeg ◽  
Physiologic State

Within the framework of ‘Network Physiology’, we ask a fundamental question of how modulations in cardiac dynamics emerge from networked brain–heart interactions. We propose a generalized time-delay approach to identify and quantify dynamical interactions between physiologically relevant brain rhythms and the heart rate. We perform empirical analysis of synchronized continuous EEG and ECG recordings from 34 healthy subjects during night-time sleep. For each pair of brain rhythm and heart interaction, we construct a delay-correlation landscape (DCL) that characterizes how individual brain rhythms are coupled to the heart rate, and how modulations in brain and cardiac dynamics are coordinated in time. We uncover characteristic time delays and an ensemble of specific profiles for the probability distribution of time delays that underly brain–heart interactions. These profiles are consistently observed in all subjects, indicating a universal pattern. Tracking the evolution of DCL across different sleep stages, we find that the ensemble of time-delay profiles changes from one physiologic state to another, indicating a strong association with physiologic state and function. The reported observations provide new insights on neurophysiological regulation of cardiac dynamics, with potential for broad clinical applications. The presented approach allows one to simultaneously capture key elements of dynamic interactions, including characteristic time delays and their time evolution, and can be applied to a range of coupled dynamical systems.

scholarly journals Calcium modulates the domain flexibility and function of an α-actinin similar to the ancestral α-actinin

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22101-22112
Author(s):  
Nikos Pinotsis ◽  
Karolina Zielinska ◽  
Mrigya Babuta ◽  
Joan L. Arolas ◽  
Julius Kostan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Integrative Studies ◽  
Nonmuscle Cells ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function

The actin cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of actin filaments and associated F-actin–binding proteins, is fundamentally important in eukaryotes. α-Actinins are major F-actin bundlers that are inhibited by Ca2+in nonmuscle cells. Here we report the mechanism of Ca2+-mediated regulation ofEntamoeba histolyticaα-actinin-2 (EhActn2) with features expected for the common ancestor ofEntamoebaand higher eukaryotic α-actinins. Crystal structures of Ca2+-free and Ca2+-boundEhActn2 reveal a calmodulin-like domain (CaMD) uniquely inserted within the rod domain. Integrative studies reveal an exceptionally high affinity of theEhActn2 CaMD for Ca2+, binding of which can only be regulated in the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg2+. Ca2+binding triggers an increase in protein multidomain rigidity, reducing conformational flexibility of F-actin–binding domains via interdomain cross-talk and consequently inhibiting F-actin bundling. In vivo studies uncover thatEhActn2 plays an important role in phagocytic cup formation and might constitute a new drug target for amoebic dysentery.

Research on the Model and Architecture of Immune-SoftMan

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Zhan Fei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
System Model ◽  
Network Environment ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
And Function

Immune-SoftMan (ISM), a new concept, is an immune intelligent entity. ISM lives and acts in the computer network environment. It has great capabilities to deal with some things in certain circumstances without manual intervention and supervision. Comparing with Agent and Robot, ISM not only has more all-around humanized intelligence, humanized behavior and function, but also has the ability of environment identifying, network migration, self-determination and free will. In this paper, the concept, characteristics and individual overall model of ISM are presented. This system model can monitor the distributed dynamic network environment in real time, and alarm and diagnose faults in advance. On the basis of these, a novel ISM architecture is constructed and discussed. The presented architecture can achieve a self-organizing system that is more robust and flexible in dynamic network environment, and can be self-updated locally. ISM’s theory and technology fruits also provide a good foundation and reference for studying the present network security system.

Dynamic Network Security Function Enforcement via Joint Flow and Function Scheduling

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Xinhao Deng ◽  
Zhuotao Liu ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Xiaoyue Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
And Function
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