scholarly journals Cuticular modified air sacs underlie white coloration in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Rebora ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Silvana Piersanti ◽  
Alexander Kovalev ◽  
Stanislav Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractHere, the ultrastructure and development of the white patches on thorax and head of Bactrocera oleae are analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Based on these analyses and measurements of patch reflectance spectra, we infer that white patches are due to modified air sacs under transparent cuticle. These air sacs show internal arborisations with beads in an empty space, constituting a three-dimensional photonic solid responsible for light scattering. The white patches also show UV-induced blue autofluorescence due to the air sac resilin content. To the best of our knowledge, this research describes a specialized function for air sacs and the first observation of structural color produced by tracheal structures located under transparent cuticles in insects. Sexual dimorphism in the spectral emission also lays a structural basis for further investigations on the biological role of white patches in B. oleae.

scholarly journals Telocytes are major constituents of the angiogenic apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soha A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractThe current study investigated role of telocytes (TCs) in angiogenesis during embryonic development of quail using immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The angiogenic apparatus consisted of TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. TCs were identified morphologically by their telopodes and podoms using TEM and SEM and immunohistochemically using CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TCs also expressed CD68. TCs formed a three-dimensional network and established direct contact with blood vessels, sprouting endothelial cells, and active macrophages, while exerting their effect through paracrine signaling. VEGF was also expressed by endothelial cells and macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) was expressed by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages. In conclusion, the expression of VEGF by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is required for the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and vascular growth. The expression of MMP-9 by TCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages is essential for the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during neoangiogenesis. Macrophages may facilitate phagocytosis and elimination of the degraded ECM components.

scholarly journals Review of the role of gut microbiota in mass rearing of the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae, and its parasitoids

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Ras ◽  
Leo W. Beukeboom ◽  
Carlos Cáceres ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit

scholarly journals Role of Fruit Epicuticular Waxes in Preventing Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Attachment in Different Cultivars of Olea europaea

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Rebora ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Silvana Piersanti ◽  
Elena Gorb ◽  
Stanislav Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the major pest of cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.), and a serious threat in all of the Mediterranean Region. In the present investigation, we demonstrated with traction force experiments that B. oleae female adhesion is reduced by epicuticular waxes (EWs) fruit surface, and that the olive fruit fly shows a different ability to attach to the ripe olive surface of different cultivars of O. europaea (Arbequina, Carolea, Dolce Agogia, Frantoio, Kalamata, Leccino, Manzanilla, Picholine, Nostrale di Rigali, Pendolino and San Felice) in terms of friction force and adhesion, in relation with different mean values of olive surface wettability. Cryo-scanning morphological investigation revealed that the EW present on the olive surface of the different analyzed cultivars are represented by irregular platelets varying in the orientation, thus contributing to affect the surface microroughness and wettability in the different cultivars, and consequently the olive fruit fly attachment. Further investigations to elucidate the role of EW in olive varietal resistance to the olive fruit fly in relation to the olive developmental stage and environmental conditions could be relevant to develop control methods alternative to the use of harmful pesticides.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of texture of Cr underlayer of magnetic recording hard disk

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
L. Tang ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
M. R. Khan ◽  
S. L. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Films ◽  
Substrate Bias ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cr thin films are often used as underlayers for Co alloy magnetic thin films, such as Co1, CoNi2, and CoNiCr3, for high density longitudinal magnetic recording. It is belived that the role of the Cr underlayer is to control the growth and texture of the Co alloy magnetic thin films, and, then, to increase the in plane coercivity of the films. Although many epitaxial relationship between the Cr underlayer and the magnetic films, such as ﹛1010﹜Co/ {110﹜Cr4, ﹛2110﹜Co/ ﹛001﹜Cr5, ﹛0002﹜Co/﹛110﹜Cr6, have been suggested and appear to be related to the Cr thickness, the texture of the Cr underlayer itself is still not understood very well. In this study, the texture of a 2000 Å thick Cr underlayer on Nip/Al substrate for thin films of (Co75Ni25)1-xTix dc-sputtered with - 200 V substrate bias is investigated by electron microscopy.

Simulation of three Dimensional Defect Images in Transmission Electron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
W. D. Cooper ◽  
C. S. Hartley ◽  
J. J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Continuum Models ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

Interpretation of electron microscope images of crystalline lattice defects can be greatly aided by computer simulation of theoretical contrast from continuum models of such defects in thin foils. Several computer programs exist at the present time, but none are sufficiently general to permit their use as an aid in the identification of the range of defect types encountered in electron microscopy. This paper presents progress in the development of a more general computer program for this purpose which eliminates a number of restrictions contained in other programs. In particular, the program permits a variety of foil geometries and defect types to be simulated.The conventional approximation of non-interacting columns is employed for evaluation of the two-beam dynamical scattering equations by a piecewise solution of the Howie-Whelan equations.

Electron Microscopy and image reconstruction reveal the structural basis for spectrin's elastic properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Amy M. McGough ◽  
Robert Josephs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Skeleton ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Iterative Approximation ◽  
Membrane Skeletons

The remarkable deformability of the erythrocyte derives in large part from the elastic properties of spectrin, the major component of the membrane skeleton. It is generally accepted that spectrin's elasticity arises from marked conformational changes which include variations in its overall length (1). In this work the structure of spectrin in partially expanded membrane skeletons was studied by electron microscopy to determine the molecular basis for spectrin's elastic properties. Spectrin molecules were analysed with respect to three features: length, conformation, and quaternary structure. The results of these studies lead to a model of how spectrin mediates the elastic deformation of the erythrocyte.Membrane skeletons were isolated from erythrocyte membrane ghosts, negatively stained, and examined by transmission electron microscopy (2). Particle lengths and end-to-end distances were measured from enlarged prints using the computer program MACMEASURE. Spectrin conformation (straightness) was assessed by calculating the particles’ correlation length by iterative approximation (3). Digitised spectrin images were correlation averaged or Fourier filtered to improve their signal-to-noise ratios. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed using a suite of programs which were based on the filtered back-projection algorithm and executed on a cluster of Microvax 3200 workstations (4).

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Evaporated Perylene Thin Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
C. Ewins ◽  
J.R. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The preparation of thin films of organic molecules is currently receiving much attention because of the need to produce good quality thin films for molecular electronics. We have produced thin films of the polycyclic aromatic, perylene C10H12 by evaporation under high vacuum onto a potassium chloride (KCl) substrate. The role of substrate temperature in determining the morphology and crystallography of the films was then investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The substrate studied was the (001) face of a freshly cleaved crystal of KCl. The temperature of the KCl was controlled by an electric heater or a cold finger. The KCl was heated to 200°C under a vacuum of 10-6 torr and allowed to cool to the desired temperature. The perylene was then evaporated over a period of one minute from a molybdenum boat at a distance of 10cm from the KCl. The perylene thin film was then backed with an amorphous layer of carbon and floated onto copper microscope grids.

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