scholarly journals The baseline characteristics and interim analyses of the high-risk sentinel cohort of the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic InfectiONS (VIZIONS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Carrique-Mas ◽  
Ngo T. Tue ◽  
Juliet E. Bryant ◽  
Karen Saylors ◽  
Nguyen V. Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Bamboo Rat

Abstract The Vietnam Initiative for Zoonotic Infections (VIZIONS) includes community-based ‘high-risk sentinel cohort’ (HRSC) studies investigating individuals at risk of zoonotic infection due to occupational or residential exposure to animals. A total of 852 HRSC members were recruited between March 2013 and August 2014 from three provinces (Ha Noi, Dak Lak and Dong Thap). The most numerous group (72.8%) corresponded to individuals living on farms, followed by slaughterers (16.3%) and animal health workers (8.5%). Nasal/pharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from HRSC members at recruitment and after notifying illness. Exposure to exotic animals (including wild pigs, porcupine, monkey, civet, bamboo rat and bat) was highest for the Dak Lak cohort (53.7%), followed by Ha Noi (13.7%) and Dong Thap (4.0%). A total of 26.8% of individuals reported consumption of raw blood over the previous year; 33.6% slaughterers reported no use of protective equipment at work. Over 686 person-years of observation, 213 episodes of suspect infectious disease were notified, equivalent of 0.35 reports per person-year. Responsive samples were collected from animals in the farm cohort. There was noticeable time and space clustering of disease episodes suggesting that the VIZIONS set up is also suitable for the formal epidemiological investigation of disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Examining local perspectives on the influence of climate change on the health of Hamer pastoralists and their livestock in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lumborg ◽  
Samuel Tefera ◽  
Barry Munslow ◽  
Siobhan M. Mor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Grazing Lands

AbstractThis study explores the perceived influence of climate change on the health of Hamer pastoralists and their livestock in south-western Ethiopia. A combination of focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Hamer communities as well as local health workers, animal health workers and non-governmental organisation (NGO) staff. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Reductions in rangeland, erratic rainfall, recurrent droughts and loss of seasonality were perceived to be the biggest climate challenges influencing the health and livelihoods of the Hamer. Communities were travelling greater distances to access sufficient grazing lands, and this was leading to livestock deaths and increases in ethnic violence. Reductions in suitable rangeland were also precipitating disease outbreaks in animals due to increased mixing of different herds. Negative health impacts in the community stemmed indirectly from decreases in livestock production, uncertain crop harvests and increased water scarcity. The remoteness of grazing lands has resulted in decreased availability of animal milk, contributing to malnutrition in vulnerable groups, including children. Water scarcity in the region has led to utilisation of unsafe water sources resulting in diarrhoeal illnesses. Further, seasonal shifts in climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria were also acknowledged. Poorly resourced healthcare facilities with limited accessibility combined with an absence of health education has amplified the community’s vulnerability to health challenges. The resilience and ambition for livelihood diversification amongst the Hamer was evident. The introduction of camels, increase in permanent settlements and new commercial ideas were transforming their livelihood strategies. However, the Hamer lack a voice to express their perspectives, challenges and ambitions. There needs to be collaborative dynamic dialogue between pastoral communities and the policy-makers to drive sustainable development in the area without compromising the values, traditions and knowledge of the pastoralists.

Community-Based Care in the ANRS-IPERGAY Trial: The Challenges of Combination Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Puppo ◽  
Xavier Mabire ◽  
Laurent Cotte ◽  
Daniela Rojas Castro ◽  
Bruno Spire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Open Label Extension ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Relationship

ANRS-IPERGAY was a community-based randomized trial investigating the efficacy of sexual activity-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a population of males and transgender females who had sex with men and were at high risk of HIV infection. We qualitatively analyzed the support provided to participants by community-based health workers (CBHW) throughout the trial's double-blind and open-label extension phases. In particular, we showed that the relationship between participants and CBHW strongly influenced self-managed pill intake. The delicate construction of this relationship, balanced between trust and dependence, played an important role in PrEP adherence. CBHW had to deal with various issues surrounding participants' feelings of empowerment regarding their role in the trial, as well as related tensions between various logics and rationalities. They were essential to participants' continued involvement.

scholarly journals INTEGRATING COMMUNITY-BASED ANIMAL HEALTH WORKERS INTO THE FORMAL VETERINARY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN KENYA

Agrekon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Mugunieri ◽  
J Omiti ◽  
P Irungu
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Service Delivery System ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Veterinary Service

scholarly journals Identification and Management of High Risk Complications during Postnatal Period by Ground Level Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasneet Kaur ◽  
Suresh Ray
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Puerperal Infection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
National Programs

What to expect after the child birth. A healthy newborn is considered as priority, but postnatal care counts too. It is not always that story ended up with safe child birth; mother is still at high risk if not taken care after birth. Antenatal and intra natal period are the hardest part of a life span of a pregnant women. Mandatory Antenatal visits and maternal and child health services provided by the government with hand holding national programs and schemes have converted this tough path into smooth platform. Similarly postnatal period is equally important in the life of a new mother. The transition has already been set up by creating fourth stage of pregnancy instead of traditional three stages. Several studies have observed complications in postnatal period especially Primary PPH but very minimal studies had concentrated on Secondary PPH. Over and above there are no significant and standardized guidelines made available for the health workers to define the set limits of blood loss and management of secondary PPH. The condition becomes more critical when severe secondary PPH came for the hospitalization when the exact cause and associated factors remains often unknown. Also many postpartum infections emerge 24 hours after the delivery and discharge from hospital. Consequently, in the lack of proper knowledge and skills regarding identification of postnatal complications like secondary PPH and Puerperal infection, many cases go undiagnosed and unreported. This chapter will deals with the skills of the ground level workers required to identify and manage selected high risk complications in postnatal period.

Performance of Community-based Animal Health Workers in the Delivery of Livestock Health Services

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Mugunieri ◽  
P. Irungu ◽  
J.M. Omiti
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Livestock Health

scholarly journals PO 8460 PANDORA-ID NET (PAN-AFRICAN NETWORK FOR RAPID RESEARCH, RESPONSE, RELIEF AND PREPAREDNESS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES EPIDEMICS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A40.2-A40
Author(s):  
Francine Ntoumi ◽  
Francine Zumla ◽  
Giuseppe Ippolito ◽  
Francesco Vairo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Pan African

BackgroundNew and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks continue to cause much human suffering and loss of life worldwide. Since Africa has experienced repeated outbreaks of zoonotic infections, an important need exists to improve local and regional capacities to identify and respond to zoonotic outbreaks. PANDORA ID-NET is an EDCTP-supported ‘ONE Human and Animal HEALTH’ multidisciplinary consortium of 24 partner institutions (15 African and 9 European) in 9 African and 4 European countries.MethodsOur overall aim is to strengthen regional and pan-African capacities and systems for enabling a rapid and effective response to infectious diseases with epidemic potential, arising from within Africa or imported from overseas. We aim to build laboratory and public health capabilites for rapid detection and surveillance of pathogens from human and animal sources. This will include obtaining accelerated evidence for optimal clinical management of patients, infection control measures, and public health response during outbreaks. Capacities will be built: a) for performing multisite clinical trials (evaluating rapid diagnostics, biomarkers, a range of treatments, vaccines and operational research studies) and, b) for timely collection, analysis and communication of information.ConclusionOur activities will be aligned to EDCTP regional Networks of Excellence, Africa CDC and other relevant global and regional initiatives, thus maximizing complementarity and achieving a multiplier effect, facilitating rapid policy implementation of outputs.

scholarly journals A One Health Approach to Strengthening Antimicrobial Stewardship in Wakiso District, Uganda

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
David Musoke ◽  
Freddy Eric Kitutu ◽  
Lawrence Mugisha ◽  
Saba Amir ◽  
Claire Brandish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Online Communities Of Practice ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), as one of the global strategies to promote responsible use of antimicrobials to prevent antimicrobial resistance (AMR), remains poor in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). We implemented a project aimed at strengthening AMS in Wakiso district, Uganda using a One Health approach. A total of 86 health practitioners (HPs), including animal health workers, and 227 community health workers (CHWs) participated in training workshops, and over 300 pupils from primary schools were sensitized on AMR, AMS, and infection prevention and control (IPC). We further established two multidisciplinary online communities of practice (CoPs) for health professionals and students, with a current membership of 321 and 162, respectively. In addition, a Medicine and Therapeutics Committee (MTC) was set up at Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital. The project evaluation, conducted three months after training, revealed that the majority of the HPs (92.2%) and CHWs (90.3%) reported enhanced practices, including improved hand washing (57.3% and 81.0%, respectively). In addition, 51.5% of the HPs reported a reduction in the quantity of unnecessary antibiotics given per patient. This project demonstrates that AMS interventions using a One Health approach can promote understanding of the prudent use of antimicrobials and improve practices at health facilities and in communities.

scholarly journals Dealing with childhood illnesses

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-293
Author(s):  
Ted Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Set Up

This chapter discusses diseases that commonly kill children. It covers, causes, priorities, and community-based and clinic programmes, including immunization and the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). It emphasizes ways in which diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria can be managed at community and family level. It highlights the dangers and types of diarrhoea, its causes, and treatment. It includes a detailed section on dehydration and oral rehydration therapy (ORT and ORS), appropriate rehydrating foods, and how these can be embedded into use by families. It describes acute respiratory infection (ARI), its causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Importantly, it describes how community health workers (CHWs) and community members can assess ARI severity and how it can be best treated, including the careful use of community-based and home-based antibiotics in remoter areas. Finally, the chapter addresses malaria diagnosis and treatment, particularly how a community can set up a step-by-step control programme.

scholarly journals Community-Based Screening for Cardiovascular Disease in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Rambelani N. Malema ◽  
Peter M. Mphekgwana ◽  
Mpsanyana Makgahlela ◽  
Tebogo M. Mothiba ◽  
Kotsedi D. Monyeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
History Of

Background: The number of people who suffer and die from Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is increasing at an alarming rate in low-and middle-income countries. Objective: The objective of the study was to screen communities using the non-laboratory INTERHEART Risk Score tool (NLIRS) to determine their level of risk for developing CVD. Methods: A community-based quantitative study was conducted in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province. A total of 3315 participants were screened by 63 community health workers (CHWs) using the NLIRS tool. The tool covers the following items which are allocated different scores: Gender:male ≥55 years or female ≥65years=2; being a smoker or having stopped ≤12 months ago = 2; smoking1-5 cigarettes =2; 6-10=4; 11-15=6;16-20 a day and ≥20=11; indirect smoking last 12 months =2; having diabetes=6 and high blood pressure=5; parental history of heart attack=4; having stress and depression=3 each; consumption of salty and fried food, no vegetables or fruits each scored a 1; eating meat twice a day =2; being inactive =2; waist-to-hip ratio ≥.874-0.963=2 and ≥0.964=4. The scores were added and those who scored 0-9 were classified to be at low risk, 10-15 moderate and 16-48 at high risk. Results: On average 58% and 33% were found to be at low and moderate risk, respectively for developing CVD and 9% at high risk. The majority consumed salty, fried foods and meat and were inactive. Being hypertensive constituted 67% of being at high risk of developing CVD. Conclusion: Envisaged intervention will focus on preventive strategies for risk factors such as diet, exercise and hypertension. More males should be recruited to participate in future research to determine if the same results will be obtained.

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