scholarly journals Differential root transcriptomics in a polyploid non-model crop: the importance of respiration during osmotic stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmín Zorrilla-Fontanesi ◽  
Mathieu Rouard ◽  
Alberto Cenci ◽  
Ewaut Kissel ◽  
Hien Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Independent Experiment ◽  
Alternative Respiration ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Oxidative Respiration ◽  
And Control

Abstract To explore the transcriptomic global response to osmotic stress in roots, 18 mRNA-seq libraries were generated from three triploid banana genotypes grown under mild osmotic stress (5% PEG) and control conditions. Illumina sequencing produced 568 million high quality reads, of which 70–84% were mapped to the banana diploid reference genome. Using different uni- and multivariate statistics, 92 genes were commonly identified as differentially expressed in the three genotypes. Using our in house workflow to analyze GO enriched and underlying biochemical pathways, we present the general processes affected by mild osmotic stress in the root and focus subsequently on the most significantly overrepresented classes associated with: respiration, glycolysis and fermentation. We hypothesize that in fast growing and oxygen demanding tissues, mild osmotic stress leads to a lower energy level, which induces a metabolic shift towards (i) a higher oxidative respiration, (ii) alternative respiration and (iii) fermentation. To confirm the mRNA-seq results, a subset of twenty up-regulated transcripts were further analysed by RT-qPCR in an independent experiment at three different time points. The identification and annotation of this set of genes provides a valuable resource to understand the importance of energy sensing during mild osmotic stress.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

A Hypothesis for the Causes and Control of Anoxic-Aerobic (AA) Filament Bulking in Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Casey ◽  
M. C. Wentzel ◽  
G. A. Ekama ◽  
R. E. Loewenthal ◽  
GvR Marais
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
And Control ◽  
Aerobic Zone ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

From laboratory research and a literature review of the biochemical pathways of aerobic-facultative heterotrophic organisms, an hypothesis is proposed for the proliferation of anoxic-aerobic (AA) filamentous organisms in nitrification-denitrification (ND) and nitrification-denitrification biological excess phosphorus removal (NDBEPR) systems. In activated sludge, under anoxic conditions floc-forming organisms execute the denitrification of nitrate (NO3−) through each of the denitrification intermediates to dinitrogen (N2), in the process of which the intermediate nitric oxide (NO) is accumulated intracellularly. Intracellular NO is inhibitory to the utilization of oxygen in the subsequent aerobic zone. In contrast, the filamentous organisms execute only part of the denitrification pathway, i.e. the reduction of NO3− to NO2−; they do not accumulate NO and hence are not inhibited in the subsequent aerobic zone. Thus in anoxic-aerobic systems, floc-formers are placed at a disadvantage in the aerobic zone giving an advantage to the filaments in the competition for substrate. Experimental evidence to support this hypothesis is presented and a tentative proposal of a strategy for control of AA filament proliferation is described and tested experimentally.

scholarly journals Urophyseal control of plasma ionic concentration in Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces) exposed to osmotic stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Baldisserotto ◽  
Olga M. Mimura ◽  
Luiz C. Salomão
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
And Control

Freshwater-and seawater-adapted Oreochromis mossambicus were submitted to 5 different treatments (urophysectomy, sham operation, urophyseal extract injection, saline injection and control) and transferred to brackish water. In freshwater – adapted fish transfarred to brackish water, urophysectomy increases plasma Na+, K+, Ca+ and osmotic concentrations. In seawater-adapted fish transferred to brackish water, plasma Na+ and K+ concentration were lower in control than other treatment group. The utophysis seems to act only in the “fine tuning” of osmoregulatory processes. Adaptations to changes in the salinity of the medium probably are regulated mainly by prolactin and cortisol.

scholarly journals Mobile Applications for COVID-19: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noella Noronha ◽  
Alessia D'Elia ◽  
Giulia Coletta ◽  
Nicole Wagner ◽  
Norman Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
And Control ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background The rapid outbreak of Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) originating in Wuhan, China, and the subsequent declaration of a state of “pandemic” on March 11, 2020 has necessitated a widespread global response to manage and control the transmission, spread and impact of COVID-19. Mobile technology has been leveraged in a number of ways to control the spread of COVID-19, including to support knowledge translation. Mobile applications are accessible, acceptable, easily adopted, and have the ability to support social distancing efforts. The following review assesses the mobile applications currently available to address COVID-19 and seeks existing studies in the literature that evaluate such applications. Methods 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed), 2 application stores (GooglePlay and Apple’s App Store) and google search engine were searched from inception until April 05th 2020 using key words and search strings to identify relevant apps and/or literature. Reviews of the obtained results were examined by two reviewers in double-blind nature and assessed for inclusion or exclusion. Results 36 studies, 72 websites and 312 mobile-based applications were identified through searches. 14 applications met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Additional eHealth tools identified through the search strategy were considered for supplemental analysis (including online dashboards and applications not available through application stores). Conclusion This review provides a brief assessment of the goals of applications addressing COVID-19, the types of approaches being used by these applications, and draws conclusions on the needs not being met by such application-based interventions. Innovation and collaboration between government, healthcare organizations and application developers is needed to address the identified gaps and facilitate the successful harnessing of mobile applications in the management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Productivity of winter wheat plants with the additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene under water deficit conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
A. G. Komisarenko ◽  
S. I. Mykhalska ◽  
V. M. Kurchii
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
And Control

Aim. The evaluation of the productivity components of wheat biotech plants with the additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (oat) gene under water stress conditions. Methods. Field and laboratory approaches for studying the parameters of the crop structure. Results. A comparative analysis of productivity components of control plants and forms, obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were made. During plants cultivation under water deficit the genotype differences among variants were detected. Conclusions. It was showed that under osmotic stress pressure biotech plants (T2) of wheat winter genotypes Favoritka, Dostatok, Volodarka demonstrated better indices of crop structure compared with control plants. The differences between T2 Zolotocolosa and control plants were not essential. Biotechnological plants with the additional copy of the oat gene under poor water supply conditions were higher, had better developed root systems and formed the increased number of additional (lateral) shoots. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., biotechnological plants, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase gene, productivity components.

scholarly journals Mobile Applications for COVID-19: A Scoping Review of the Initial Response in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noella Noronha ◽  
Alessia D'Elia ◽  
Giulia Coletta ◽  
Nicole Wagner ◽  
Norman Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
And Control ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background: The rapid outbreak of Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) originating in Wuhan, China, and the subsequent declaration of a state of “pandemic” on March 11, 2020 has necessitated a widespread global response to manage and control the transmission, spread and impact of COVID-19. Mobile technology has been leveraged in a number of ways to control the spread of COVID-19, including to support knowledge translation. Mobile applications are accessible, acceptable, easily adopted, and have the ability to support social distancing efforts. The following review assesses the mobile applications currently available to address COVID-19 and seeks existing studies in the literature that evaluate such applications. Methods: 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed), 2 application stores (GooglePlay and Apple’s App Store) and google search engine were searched from inception until April 05, 2020 using key words and search strings to identify relevant apps and/or literature. Reviews of the obtained results were examined by two reviewers in double-blind nature and assessed for inclusion or exclusion. Results: 36 studies, 72 websites and 312 mobile-based applications were identified through searches. 14 applications met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Additional eHealth tools identified through the search strategy were considered for supplemental analysis (including online dashboards and applications not available through application stores).Conclusion: This review provides a brief assessment of the goals of applications addressing COVID-19, the types of approaches being used by these applications, and draws conclusions on the needs not being met by such application-based interventions. Innovation and collaboration between government, healthcare organizations and application developers is needed to address the identified gaps and facilitate the successful harnessing of mobile applications in the management of COVID-19.

Nature and Control of Biochemical Pathways for the Origin of Prostatic Polyamines

1972 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
H. G. Williams-Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Functions ofCandida albicanscell wall glycosidasesDfg5pandDcw1pin biofilm formation and HOG MAPK pathway

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mancuso ◽  
Jennifer Chinnici ◽  
Charlene Tsou ◽  
Sujay Busarajan ◽  
Raveena Munnangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hyphal Morphogenesis ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
And Control

BackgroundCandida albicansis a commensal fungus that inhabits the oral mucosal surface and causes oral and systemic candidiasis. Oral candidiasis most commonly occurs in patients with AIDS, denture wearers and newborn children. Systemic candidiasis occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients and patients admitted to hospitals for prolonged periods.C. albicanshomologous genes,DFG5andDCW1, encode for two closely related cell wall proteins with putative glycosyltransferase enzyme activity and C-terminal GPI-anchors. Past studies have shown that individualDFG5andDCW1mutations are viable but simultaneous deletion ofDFG5andDCW1inC. albicansresults in lethality. However, the exact functions of these cell wall based enzymes, which represent potential drug targets, are not understood.MethodsC. albicansDFG5/DCW1heterologous and conditional double mutant strains were assessed for growth and biofilm formation in comparison to wild type and parental strains. Cell wall and heat stress susceptibility of the mutant and control strains were assessed using agar spotting assays. Growth was assessed under normal and osmotic stress conditions along with light microscopy imaging. Biofilm dry weight and microscopic imaging analysis of biofilms was performed. Hypha formation in response to serum was analyzed using light microscopy imaging. Western blot analysis of mutant strains and control strains was performed to assess Hog1 basal levels and phosphorylation status.ResultsAnalysis of the heterologous mutants indicated that Dfg5p is more important for growth while Dcw1p appeared to play a role in cell wall integrity response. The conditional double mutant was observed to be less resistant to cell wall stress. However, growth of the mutants was similar under control and osmotic stress conditions. The mutants were also able to grow similar to wild type under heat stress. Biofilm formation was reduced in the mutants whereDFG5was deleted or suppressed. Hyphal morphogenesis was reduced although germ tube formation was observed in the biofilms of the mutant strains. Basal Hog1 protein levels were reduced or absent in theDFG5andDCW1mutants. However, osmotic stress was able to induce Hog1 protein levels comparable to wild type. Hog1 phosphorylation appeared to be slightly reduced although not significantly. In addition to biofilm assays, serum dose response imaging analysis indicated that hyphae formation inDFG5andDCW1mutants was defective.ConclusionsThese data indicate thatDFG5andDCW1are required for hyphal morphogenesis and biofilm formation inC. albicans. These functions may be regulated via basal Hog1 MAPK which is required for transcriptional regulation of chitin synthesis.

scholarly journals Role of optogenetics in pain management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1385-1388
Author(s):  
Hemanth Ragav N V ◽  
Jeevitha M ◽  
Archana Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Biological Technique ◽  
And Control

Optogenetics is a biological technique that involves the use of light to control genetically modified neurons to express the channels of light-sensitive Ions. Optogenetics can also be referred to as Optical monitoring of neuronal activity in non-neuronal cells, and control of biochemical pathways. Optogenetics is less invasive than electrical stimulation response time in optogenetics is comparatively faster than other treatments. Chronic pain affects one-third of the population, and current treatments cause limited relief and serious side effects. An alternative approach to pain reduction would be the direct modulation of somatosensory pathways using optogenetics. Optogenetic treatment can be a very effective way to relieve chronic pain while avoiding conventional pain medicine's side effects. The use of optogenetics in pain management has greatly accelerated over the last decade. This review discusses the versatility of different optogenetic tools and its effective applications in the field of medicine.

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