Protein enriched pasta: structure and digestibility of its protein network

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1196-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Laleg ◽  
Cécile Barron ◽  
Véronique Santé-Lhoutellier ◽  
Stéphane Walrand ◽  
Valérie Micard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Specific Structure

Pasta enrichment with gluten, legume or egg increased its protein content. However, legume pasta had the best amino acid profile and in vitro protein digestibility due to its specific structure.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profile/Score and In-vitro Protein Digestibility of Biscuits Produced from Wheat Flour, African Breadfruit Flour and Moringa Seed Flour Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
V. C. Wabali ◽  
S. Y. Giami ◽  
D. B. Kiin- Kabari ◽  
O. M. Akusu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
In Vitro Protein Digestibility ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
African Breadfruit ◽  
Profile Score ◽  
Vitro Protein

The objective of this work was to evaluate the Amino Acid profile/score and In-vitro protein digestibility of composite biscuits produced from blends of Wheat flour (WHF), African breadfruit flour (ABF)and Moringa seed flour(MSF) at the following ratios (Sample A: WHF 100%: ABF 0; MSF 0, B= WHF 77.5%:ABF 20%: MSF 2.5%, C=WHF 75%: ABF 20%: MSF 5.0%, D= WHF 72.5%: ABF 20%: MSF 7.5%. E = WHF 70%: ABF 20%: MSF 10%, F = WHF 90%: ABF 0: MSF 10%, G = WHF 80%: ABF 20%: MSF 0). The most predominant Amino Acid in ABF was glutamic (12.27 g/100 g) followed by Aspartic and lysine, with values of 8.96 g/100 g and 6.55 g/100 g, respectively. Glutamic Acid content of the biscuits ranged from 10.96 g/100 g – 12.96 g/100 g, with sample B giving significantly higher value. Substitution with MSF resulted in decreasing glutamic acid content levels in the formulated biscuits, while lysine, phenylalanine and Isoleucine improved with the addition of 10% Moringa seed flour. Amino acid Scores of the biscuits using Hen egg as standard showed that whole egg had a higher amino acid score except glycine (1.04 – 1.25). Percentage In-vitro protein digestibility ranged from 10.64% - 47.33%, showing that addition of moringa seed flour and African breadfruit flour improved digestibility values from 10.64% to 47.33% for sample E with the control sample (wheat flour biscuit) being significantly lower. Substitution with ABF and MSF improved protein digestibility of the produced biscuits. Also, the Amino acid scores of the formulated biscuits were higher than the FAO recommended daily dietary requirements for Amino acids.

Effect of barrel temperature and feed moisture on protein quality in pre-cooked Kabuli chickpea, sorghum, and maize flours

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyang Wang ◽  
Matthew G Nosworthy ◽  
James D House ◽  
Shannon-Hood Niefer ◽  
Michael T Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Protein Digestibility ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Vitro Protein

The effect of barrel temperature (120 and 150 ℃, held constant in zones 4–6) and feed moisture (20 and 24%) on the protein quality of Kabuli chickpea, sorghum, and maize flours were examined, which included amino acid profile, in vitro protein digestibility and in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (IV-PDCAAS). It was found that the limiting amino acid of chickpea changed from threonine to valine after extrusion, whereas both sorghum and maize were limiting in lysine before and after extrusion. The in vitro protein digestibility increased from 77 to 81% for chickpea and 73 to 76% for maize; values for sorghum remained at 74% after extrusion. However, the IV-PDCAAS for the extruded flours generally remained at the same level, 69% for chickpea, 22% for sorghum, and ∼35% for maize. The effect of extrusion temperature, moisture and their interaction was significant on protein quality of sorghum and maize, but in the case of chickpea, only the extrusion temperature was significant. Only chickpea extruded at 150 ℃ (regardless of the moisture) met the protein quality (PDCAAS > 70%) requirement to be used in food assistance products.

Chemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Seed Proteins

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adanma C. Innocent-Ukachi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Chemical Score

Chemical and nutritional properties of pumpkin (Curcubita pepo) seed proteins were studied. The seed was processed into defatted flour (CPF) which was further processed into Curcubita protein concentrate (CPC) and Curcubita protein isolate (CPI) by alkaline water/isoelectric precipitation. Chemical properties of the protein products were determined using standard methods of analysis. The amino acid profile was determined by an automated Technicon® liquid chromatography system. Protein digestibility was assessed in-vitro (IVPD) using trypsin-pepsin enzyme method while biological values were determined on the basis of their amino acid profile. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was estimated according to a standard proposed regression equation. The seed proteins demonstrated high levels of crude protein (CPC=69.98% and CPI=74.15%), vitamin C (CPC=43.46 and CPI=52.36 mg/ml) and vitamin A (CPC=100.56 and CPI= 63.43 I.U/g) with low levels of thiamin and riboflavin. Both proteins showed low and similar (p>0.05) levels of sodium (0.14-0.18%), calcium (0.86-1.02%), magnesium (0.53-0.58%) and phosphorus (0.09-0.11%). Percentage ratios of essential to total amino acids obtained for CPC and CPI (44.24% and 45.50%, respectively) were greater than 36% which is considered adequate for an ideal protein. Protein biological values obtained for CPC and CPI respectively were: 95% and 53% (chemical score), 2.80 and 1.56 (PER} and 70.10% and 51.28% (essential amino acid index). CPC showed a better digestibility than CPI with IVPD value of 56.88%. Threonine and lysine were the most limiting amino acids in both protein products. All anti-nutrients evaluated were low and below allowable limits. In conclusion pumpkin seed proteins showed good biological values and could be used to improve the quality of other plant proteins or as a possible replacement for animal proteins in conventional foods.

Extent of damage to amino acid availability of whey protein heated with sugar

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Desrosiers ◽  
Laurent Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

SummaryThe effect of heat treatments, at various water activities (αw), on digestibility and on the availabilities of amino acids of whey protein samples in the presence of lactose was estimated by an in vitro digestion method with continuons dialysis. Four αw (0·3, 0·5, 0·7 and 0·97), three temperatures (75, 100 and 121 °C) and three heating periods (50, 500 and 5000 s) were selected. The initial lysine: lactose molar ratio was 1:1. Amino acid profiles showed that excessive heating of whey (121 °C, 5000 s) destroyed a significant proportion of cystine at all αw, lysine at αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7, and arginine at αw 0·5 and 0·7. At αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7, protein digestibility decreased (P < 0·05) as the temperature increased from 75 to 121 °C for a heating period of 5000 s, and as the heating time was prolonged from 500 to 5000 s at 121 °C. Excessive heating also decreased (P < 0·05) the availabilities of ail amino acids at αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7. The availabilities of lysine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, alanine, glycine and serine were particularly affected. Severe heating at αw 0·97 did not seem to favour the Maillard reaction, but the availabilities of cystine, tyrosine and arginine were decreased, probably as a result of structural modifications of the protein upon heating. Heating whey protein concentrates in the presence of lactose not only affected lysine, but also impaired enzymic liberation of other amino acids, according to the severity of heat treatments and αw.

scholarly journals Energy values and protein digestibility of soybean milk by-product in pigs based on in vitro assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Youngeun Song ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Soybean Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Swine Diets

Background: Soybean milk by-product (SMBP) is a potential alternative feed ingredient in swine diets due to its high protein content. However, information on energy and nutritional values of SMBP used as swine feed ingredient is limited. Objective: To estimate energy values and protein digestibility of SMBP in pigs based on in vitro assays. Methods: Four SMBP samples were obtained from 3 soybean milk-producing facilities. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) and in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) in the SMBP samples were determined. In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein was determined by analyzing crude protein content in undigested residues after determining IVID of DM. Digestible and metabolizable energy of SMBP were estimated using gross energy, IVTTD of DM, and prediction equations. Results: Sample 4 had greater IVTTD of DM than that of sample 3 (97.7 vs. 94.4%, p<0.05), whereas IVID of DM in sample 4 was lower compared with sample 1 (53.5 vs. 65.0%, p<0.05). In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein in sample 2 was greater than that in sample 1 and 3 (92.6 vs. 90.6 and 90.1%; p<0.05). The estimated metabolizable energy of SMBP ranged from 4,311 to 4,619 kcal/kg as-is basis and the value of sample 3 was the least (p<0.05) among SMBP samples. Conclusion: Energy values and protein digestibility should be determined before using SMBP in swine diets.

scholarly journals Enrichment of Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria from High Temperature and Salinity Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel G. Barbosa ◽  
H. Pieter J. van Veelen ◽  
Vanessa Pinheiro ◽  
Tom Sleutels ◽  
Willy Verstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria

There is an urgent need for sustainable protein supply routes with low environmental footprint. Recently, the use of hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB) as a platform for high quality microbial protein (MP) production has regained interest. This study aims to investigate the added value of using conditions such as salt and temperature to steer HOB communities to lower diversities, while maintaining a high protein content and a high quality amino acid profile. Pressure drop and hydrogen consumption were measured for 56 days to evaluate autotrophy of a total of six communities in serum flasks. Of the six communities, four were enriched under saline (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mol NaCl l−1) and two under thermophilic conditions (65°C). Five communities enriched for HOB were subsequently cultivated in continuously stirred reactors under the same conditions to evaluate their potential as microbial protein producers. The protein percentages ranged from 41 to 80%. The highest protein content was obtained for the thermophilic enrichments. Amino acid profiles were comparable to protein sources commonly used for feed purposes. Members of the genus Achromobacter were found to dominate the saline enrichments while members of the genus Hydrogenibacillus were found to dominate the thermophilic enrichments. Here we show that enriching for HOB while steering the community toward low diversity and maintaining a high quality protein content can be successfully achieved, both in saline and thermophilic conditions. IMPORTANCE Alternative feed and food supply chains are required to decrease water and land use. HOB offer a promising substitute for traditional agricultural practice to produce microbial protein (MP) from residual materials and renewable energy. To safeguard product stability, the composition of the HOB community should be controlled. Defining strategies to maintain the stability of the communities is therefore key for optimization purposes. In this study, we use salt and temperature as independent conditions to stabilize the composition of the HOB communities. Based on the results presented, we conclude that HOB communities can be steered to have low diversity using the presented conditions while producing a desirable protein content with a valuable amino acid profile.

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