Energy values and protein digestibility of soybean milk by-product in pigs based on in vitro assays

Background: Soybean milk by-product (SMBP) is a potential alternative feed ingredient in swine diets due to its high protein content. However, information on energy and nutritional values of SMBP used as swine feed ingredient is limited. Objective: To estimate energy values and protein digestibility of SMBP in pigs based on in vitro assays. Methods: Four SMBP samples were obtained from 3 soybean milk-producing facilities. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) and in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) in the SMBP samples were determined. In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein was determined by analyzing crude protein content in undigested residues after determining IVID of DM. Digestible and metabolizable energy of SMBP were estimated using gross energy, IVTTD of DM, and prediction equations. Results: Sample 4 had greater IVTTD of DM than that of sample 3 (97.7 vs. 94.4%, p<0.05), whereas IVID of DM in sample 4 was lower compared with sample 1 (53.5 vs. 65.0%, p<0.05). In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein in sample 2 was greater than that in sample 1 and 3 (92.6 vs. 90.6 and 90.1%; p<0.05). The estimated metabolizable energy of SMBP ranged from 4,311 to 4,619 kcal/kg as-is basis and the value of sample 3 was the least (p<0.05) among SMBP samples. Conclusion: Energy values and protein digestibility should be determined before using SMBP in swine diets.

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In vitro techniques for the assessment of the nutritive value of feed grains for pigs: a review

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar98172 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 871 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Paul J. Moughan

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Techniques ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Plant Fibre ◽

Gross Energy

The philosophy inherent in developing in vitro digestibility assays for dietary energy and protein is reviewed and an historical account is given of the development of such assays for the pig. General principles to be considered in the development of in vitro digestibility assays are discussed, as are limitations of the in vitro approach. The importance of choosing the most appropriate in vivo measures of digestibility for the evaluation of in vitro assays is stressed. For protein sources that do not contain anti-nutritional factors or plant fibre, ‘true’ ileal digestibility should be the in vivo baseline, while plant proteins should be tested against ‘real’ ileal digestibility. There is a dearth of adequately conducted validation studies for in vitro digestibility assays. It appears that the 3-step (pepsin, pancreatin, Viscozyme) closed in vitro system to allow prediction of organic matter and gross energy digestibility in the pig has particular promise for practical feed evaluation. Similarly based protein digestibility assays may require further development before they can be applied with confidence.

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Supplementary feeding of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L) with late harvested hay. A pilot study

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.5.2.540 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Rehbinder ◽

P. Ciszuk

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Normal Behavior

In order to increase the fodder available for roedeer during wintertime, late harvested hay was placed on racks early in November in three consecutive years. Freeezing kept the hay dry and fresh during all three winters. In the first winter, with much snow, the bulk of the hay was consumed whereas consumption in the two subsequent mild winters was low and selective. The crude protein content of the hay was low (3.5 - 8.4% dry matter). Metabolizable energy estimated from digestion in vitro was 3.5 — 5.6 MJ per kg dry matter. Rumen liquor from roe deer during a mild winter gave lower in vitro digestion than liquor from sheep fed with ordinary rations. The value of this poor hay for roe deer is discussed with respect to the animals requirements, seasonal adaption, the energy and protein content of the hay, water consumption and normal behavior. The results indicate that late harvested hay may be more suitable than regularly harvested hay or concentrates to help roe deer to survive spells of severe winter conditions. With late harvested hay placed out at several localized feeding sites, the risks of indigestion and dehydration, associated with a more concentrated, feed, are minimized and the ranking among the roe deer in particular will be less important and thus more animals will have improved prospects of gaining access to the fodder.Tilskottsutfodring av rådjur (Capreolus capreolus L) med sent skordat ho. En pilotstudie.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: I avsikt att, for rådjur, oka mångden tillgångligt foder under vintertid, skordades och håssjades ho i borjan av november under tre på varandra foljande år. Hoet fros torn och holl sig fårskt alla vintrarna. Forstå vintern med mycket sno konsumerades huvuddelen av hoet medan de två foljande milda vintrarna konsumptionen var låg och selektiv. Mångden råprotein i hoet var lågt (3.5 — 8.4 % i torrsubstans). Innehållet av omsåttbar energi beråknad från digestion in vitro var 3.5 — 5.6 MJ per kg torrsubstans. Våmvåtska från rådjur under en mild vinter gav lagra in vitro digestion ån våmvåtska från ordinårt utfodrade får. Vårdet av det mycket sent skordade hoet for rådjur diskuteras med utgångspunkt från djurens behov, såsongmåssiga adaption, energi- och proteininnehåll i hoet, vattenkonsumtion och normala beteende. Resultatén pekar på att, sent skordat ho kan vara låmpligare ån på normal tid skordat ho eller kraftfoder att hjålpa rådjur att overleva perioder med svåra vinterforhållanden. Med sent skordat och håssjat ho, vilket gjorts tillgångligt på ett flertal utfodringsplatser, minskar riskerna for våmindigestion och dehydrering, forenade med en mer hogvårdig utfodring, samtidigt som djurens inbordes rangordning blir mindre betydelsefull. Det senare innebarande att fler djur får tillgång till fodret.

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Relationship between In vivo, In vitro Parameters and Chemical Composition to Predict the Nutritive Value of Some Legume Forages

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-252 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Aïssa ◽

C. Ben Mustapha ◽

M.R. Alvir ◽

M. Hadj Ayed ◽

I.E.A. Znaïdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Kinetics Of

Background: Many in vivo and laboratory methods have been used to evaluate ruminant feeds. The objective of this experiment was to determine feed intake, digestibility, kinetics of gas production, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMDv) and metabolizable energy (ME) of Trifolium alexandrinum (T. alexandrinum) and Medicago sativa (M. sativa) at different maturity stages through in vivo and in vitro methods to elaborate predictive equations from chemical constituents. Methods: In vivo assay was carried out with two groups of five rams male kipped in metabolism cage. Samples of forage, refusal and feces were collected and processed for chemical analysis. In vitro gaz production technique was performed on forage samples.Result: The bud and early bloom stage of M. sativa recorded the highest digestibility values of the chemical component (P less than 0.05). The OMDv of M. sativa was 60.65 and 68.26% (P less than 0.01) for early bloom stage and bud stage, respectively. Crude protein digestibility (CPD) was positively correlated with crude protein rate (R2=0.83, P less than 0.05). The gas production from the insoluble fraction “b” fraction showed a positive correlation with acid detergent fiber (ADF) (R2=0.999, P less than 0.001). However, cumulative gas production at 24h and 48 h of incubation were negatively correlated (P less than 0.05) with the ADF rate (R2= -0.98 and -0.97, respectively).

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A note on the influence of micronization and polyethylene glycol on the nutritional value of brown sorghum for growing pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100023904 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. P. Savage ◽

W. C. Smith ◽

P. A. Briggs

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Energy Content ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy

ABSTRACTMicronization followed by grinding of brown-seeded sorghum increased starch availability in vitro but had no effect on proximate composition of the grain. In diets containing 70% of sorghum in ground or micronized and ground form, apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and nitrogen retention by growing pigs were improved (2·5, 5·0 and 12·2% respectively). Addition to the diet of 0*2 g polyethylene glycol per g crude protein in the sorghum fraction produced similar effects. In the ground cereal diet inclusion of polyethylene glycol increased apparent digestibility of gross energy (3·8%) and improved metabolizable energy content by 5·5%, but i n the micronized and ground cereal diet the additive had no effect.

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Nutritional value of amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) grain in diets for broiler chickens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4263-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 568-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. Písaříková ◽

Z. Zralý ◽

S. Kráčmar ◽

M. Trčková ◽

I. Herzig

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Amaranth Grain ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Vitro Protein

The following characteristics were determined in raw and popped amaranth grain: crude protein (158.1 and 168.5 g/kg), ether extract (71.5 and 69.4 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (99.2 and 111.8 g/kg), cellulose (86.6 and 60.0 g/kg) and essential amino acids (Cys 4.2 and 4.1, Thr 6.0 and 6.5, Ala 8.8 and 9.2, Val 6.8 and 7.4, Ile 5.2 and 5.6, Lys 9.2 and 8.8, Arg 12.8 and 14.2 g/kg). In vitro protein digestibility was 68.1 and 50.6% in raw and popped amaranth grain, respectively. In balance experiments with broiler chickens ROSS 308 the following coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) were determined for control and experimental diets containing 0, 10% raw and 10% popped amaranth: crude protein 85.4, 86.5 and 83.0, ether extract 88.3, 88.2 and 86.1, NDF 21.2, 27.6 and 15.9, cellulose 25.0, 38.4 and 36.3, nitrogen free extractives 76.1, 82.6 and 81.1, organic matter 77.3, 81.8 and 80.6, gross energy 77.5, 80.6 and 78.2.  

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Predicting the metabolizable energy of first and second corn harvests for piglets

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017416015217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 683-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucas Antonio Costa Esteves ◽

Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽

Laura Marcela Diaz Huepa ◽

Silvia Letícia Ferreira ◽

Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Swine Diets ◽

Best Fit

ABSTRACT Corn is one of the primary ingredients in swine diets, but there is a variation in its chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Therefore, faster methods are required that can determine more accurate ME values to improve piglet diets. This study determined and predicted the ME of corn from first and second harvests for piglets. Two experiments were conducted to determine the ME values for 18 corn batches, evaluating corn from first and second harvests. The corn batches were analysed to determine the concentration of dry matter (DM), starch (ST), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and gross energy (GE). To determine the ME values, 40 piglets were used in each experiment, grouped into a randomized block design with four replicates. The ME of the corn from the first and second crops ranged from 3281 to 3509 and from 3143 to 3652 kcal/kg on an as-fed basis, respectively, and the fitted equations to predict the ME presented a low R2. The best fit equation for predicting the ME of corn for piglets was determined to be ME= - 6306.15 + 400.652ADF + 117.286ST + 24924.7Ca + 2489.66P - 148.41CP (R2=0.44) for the first harvest; ME= -7560.08 + 2.66895GE - 120.69ADF (R2=0.48) for the second harvest; and ME= 2848.95 + 68.5714NDF + 161.938EE - 5563.5Ca - 1454.2P (R2=0.41) for the joint harvest.

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Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010001000020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (10) ◽

pp. 2237-2245 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edney Pereira da Silva ◽

Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽

Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽

Jorge Victor Ludke ◽

Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Matter Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Ether Extract ◽

High Fat ◽

Collection Method ◽

Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

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In vitro assays predicts mineral retention and apparent protein digestibility of different fish feed measured using a juvenileP. mesopotamicusmodel

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/are.13687 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 2267-2277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raúl E Cian ◽

Carla Bacchetta ◽

Jimena Cazenave ◽

Silvina R Drago

Keyword(s):

Protein Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Fish Feed

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YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-119 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 807-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. S. FULKERSON

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

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Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (Pisum sativum) Grains

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 401 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Bachmann ◽

Christian Kuhnitzsch ◽

Paul Okon ◽

Siriwan D. Martens ◽

Jörg M. Greef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Solubility ◽

Streptomyces Griseus ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Throughput Rate ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Gross Energy

Pea grains may partially replace soybean or rapeseed meals and cereals in ruminant diets, but substitution by unprocessed peas is limited by high ruminal protein solubility. The effect of combined ensiling and toasting of peas using a mobile toaster (100 kg/h throughput rate, 180 to 190 °C supplied air temperature) on rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) was tested in vitro using the Streptomyces griseus protease test. The effects of ensiling plus toasting on apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), and proximate nutrients were examined in a digestion trial. Concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) were calculated. Native peas had 38 g RUP/kg dry matter (DM), which was 20% of crude protein (CP). Rumen-undegraded protein increased three-fold after ensiling plus toasting (p < 0.001). Acid detergent insoluble protein increased five-fold. Apparent digestibility was 0.94 (OM), 0.90 (CP), and above 0.99 (nitrogen-free extract, starch, and sugars) and was not altered by the treatment. The ME (13.9 MJ/kg DM) or the NEL (8.9 MJ/kg DM) concentration was similar in native and ensiled plus toasted peas. This technique can easily be applied on farms and may increase RUP. However, it needs to be clarified under which conditions pea protein will be damaged.

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