Investigations of in vitro bioaccessibility from interesterified stearic and oleic acid-rich blends

Interesterification was previously found to impact stearic acid absorption in a randomized cross-over study, when human volunteers consumed a 70 : 30 wt% high-oleic sunflower and canola stearin blend (NIE) compared to the same blend which had undergone either chemical (CIE) or enzymatic (EIE) interesterification.

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Nitro-Oleic Acid in Seeds and Differently Developed Seedlings of Brassica napus L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9030406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin Vollár ◽

Gábor Feigl ◽

Dóra Oláh ◽

Attila Horváth ◽

Árpád Molnár ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

No Donor ◽

High Oleic ◽

Signalling Molecules ◽

First Time ◽

Sensitive Electrode

Similar to animals, it has recently been proven that nitro-fatty acids such as nitro-linolenic acid and nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) have relevant physiological roles as signalling molecules also in plants. Although NO2-OA is of great therapeutic importance, its presence in plants as a free fatty acid has not been observed so far. Since Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is a crop with high oleic acid content, the abundance of NO2-OA in its tissues can be assumed. Therefore, we quantified NO2-OA in B. napus seeds and differently developed seedlings. In all samples, NO2-OA was detectable at nanomolar concentrations. The seeds showed the highest NO2-OA content, which decreased during germination. In contrast, nitric oxide (•NO) levels increased in the early stages of germination and seedling growth. Exogenous NO2-OA treatment (100 µM, 24 h) of Brassica seeds resulted in significantly increased •NO level and induced germination capacity compared to untreated seeds. The results of in vitro approaches (4-Amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) fluorescence, •NO-sensitive electrode) supported the •NO liberating capacity of NO2-OA. We observed for the first time that Brassica seeds and seedlings contain free NO2-OA which may be involved in germination as an •NO donor as suggested both by the results of exogenous NO2-OA treatment of seeds and in vitro approaches. Due to their high NO2-OA content, Brassica sprouts can be considered as a good source of dietary NO2-OA intake.

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Stereospecific distribution of plamitic acid in the triacylglycerols of rat adipocytes. Effects of varying the composition of the substrate fatty acid in vitro

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1910637 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 191 (2) ◽

pp. 637-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William W. Christie ◽

Margaret L. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Rat Adipocytes

The effects of inclusion of different fatty acids in the medium on the rate of esterification of palmitic acid and its stereospecific distribution among the three positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols by preparations of rat adipocytes in vitro have been determined. Myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as diluents and the concentration of the combined unesterified fatty acids in the medium was held constant; only the proportion of palmitic acid was varied. The amount of palmitic acid esterified was always linearly related to its relative concentration in the medium and was not significantly affected by the nature of the diluent fatty acid chosen. Constant relative proportions were recovered in triacylglycerols and in intermediates in each instance. The amount of palmitic acid esterified to each of the positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols was linearly dependent on the relative proportion in the medium but the nature of the relationship was markedly influenced by which fatty acid was present. When stearic acid was present, simple relationships were found over the whole range tested. When either myristic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, abrupt changes in the manner of esterification of palmitic acid were observed in position sn-1 when the relative concentrations of palmitic acid and the diluent reached critical values, which differed with each fatty acid. In position sn-2 when oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, a similar change was observed, and in position sn-3 it was obtained with myristic acid as diluent. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the relative affinities of the acyltransferases for palmitic acid. Palmitic acid was esterified into various molecular species in proportions that indicated acylation with non-correlative specificity at higher relative concentrations but not at lower.

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Melting, Crystallization, and In Vitro Digestion Properties of Fats Containing Stearoyl-Rich Triacylglycerols

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Kwang-Seup Shin ◽

Jeung-Hee Lee

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Solvent Fractionation ◽

Fat Crystals ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Ph Stat ◽

Melting And Crystallization Temperatures ◽

Melting And Crystallization

Fats containing the stearoyl-rich triacylglycerols (TAGs) of 1,2-distearoyl-3-oleoylglycerol (SSO) and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-stearoylglycerol (OSO) were synthesized via the lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of tristearin (SSS)-rich fat and oleic acids, followed by solvent fractionation. Their physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibilities were compared. The SSS-, SSO-, and OSO-rich fats comprised 81.6%, 52.9%, and 33.1% stearic acid, respectively, whereas oleic acid comprised 2.9%, 37.5%, and 56.2%, respectively. The SSS-, SSO-, and OSO-rich fats contained the TAGs of SaSaSa (100.00%), SaSaMo (86.98%), and MoSaMo (67.12%), respectively, and the major TAGs were SSS, SSO, and OSO, respectively. Melting and crystallization temperatures were higher and fat crystals were larger and densely packed in the descending order of SSS-, SSO and OSO-rich fats. Both in vitro multi-step digestion and pH-stat digestion were more rapid for OSO- than SSO-rich fat. Oleic acid was digested faster than stearic acid during the initial digestion, then the rate decreased, whereas that of stearic acid increased over prolonged digestion. Fats that were richer in stearoyl at the sn-1,3 position of TAG melted and crystallized at higher temperatures, had a densely packed microstructure of large fat crystals and were poorly digested. Stearic acid imparts the essential physical attributes of melting and crystallization in solid fats, and the low digestible stearoyl-rich fat would be a viable substitute for trans fatty acids in food lipid industry.

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Development of a Controlled Release of Salicylic Acid Loaded Stearic Acid-Oleic Acid Nanoparticles in Cream for Topical Delivery

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/205703 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. O. Woo ◽

M. Misran ◽

P. F. Lee ◽

L. P. Tan

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Solid Matrix ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Lipid nanoparticles are colloidal carrier systems that have extensively been investigated for controlled drug delivery, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. In this work, a cost effective stearic acid-oleic acid nanoparticles (SONs) with high loading of salicylic acid, was prepared by melt emulsification method combined with ultrasonication technique. The physicochemical properties, thermal analysis and encapsulation efficiency of SONs were studied. TEM micrographs revealed that incorporation of oleic acid induces the formation of elongated spherical particles. This observation is in agreement with particle size analysis which also showed that the mean particle size of SONs varied with the amount of OA in the mixture but with no effect on their zeta potential values. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the SONs prepared in this method have lower crystallinity as compared to pure stearic acid. Different amount of oleic acid incorporated gave different degree of perturbation to the crystalline matrix of SONs and hence resulted in lower degrees of crystallinity, thereby improving their encapsulation efficiencies. The optimized SON was further incorporated in cream and itsin vitrorelease study showed a gradual release for 24 hours, denoting the incorporation of salicylic acid in solid matrix of SON and prolonging thein vitrorelease.

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Supplementation of oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and β-hydroxybutyrate increase H3K9me3 in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle cultured in vitro

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 233 ◽

pp. 106851

Author(s):

Juliana G. Ferst ◽

Werner G. Glanzner ◽

Karina Gutierrez ◽

Mariana P. de Macedo ◽

Rogério Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Endometrial Epithelial Cells

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1538 Influence of molybdenum concentration, pH, and transit time on the in vitro bioaccessibility of sulfur

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1538 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 747-747

Author(s):

J. Hawley ◽

E. B. Kegley

Keyword(s):

Transit Time ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Molybdenum Concentration

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Gastroretentive Floating Capsules of Risedronate Sodium: Development, Optimization, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation in Healthy Human Volunteers

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.2.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 2835-2842

Author(s):

Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N. ◽

Arun Kumar Jarathi ◽

Suresh Gande ◽

Viswaja Medipally ◽

Ramesh Bomma

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Zero Order ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Capsule Formulation ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Healthy Human ◽

X Ray ◽

Human Volunteers

Background and the purpose of the study: Risedronate sodium inhibits osteoclast bone resorption and modulates bone metabolism. Risedronate has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and is a potent antiresorptive agent. In the present investigation efforts were made to improve the bioavailability of risedronate sodium by increasing the residence time of the drug through sustained-release matrix capsule formulation via gastroretentive mechanism. Capsules were prepared by wet granulation technique. The influence of gel forming agents, amount of risedronate and total weight of capsules on physical properties, in vitro buoyancy, drug release, FTIR, DSC, X-ray studies were investigated. The release mechanisms were explored and explained by applying zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. The selected formulations were subjected to stability study at 40 °C/75% RH, 25 °C/60% RH for the period of three months. For all formulations, kinetics of drug release from capsules followed Higuchi’s square root of time kinetic treatment heralding diffusion as predominant mechanism of drug release. Formulation containing 25 mg HPMC K4M and 75 mg HPMC K100 LV (F-8) showed zero order release profile. There was no significant change in the selected formulation, when subjected to accelerated stability conditions over a period of three months. X-ray imaging in six healthy human volunteers revealed a mean gastric retention period of 5.60 ± 0.77 hrs for the selected formulation. Stable, sustained release effervescent floating capsules of risedronate sodium could be prepared by wet granulation technique.

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Atorvastatin-Loaded Oleic Acid Nanoglobules for Oral Administration: In Vitro Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413711309020007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 202-210

Author(s):

Pradum Pundlikrao Ige ◽

Nilesh Ashok Bachhav ◽

Hitendra Shaligram Mahajan ◽

Pankaj Padmakar Nerkar ◽

Surendra Ganeshlal Gattani

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Oral Administration ◽

In Vitro Characterization

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In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Citrus Pomaces and Orange Pomace Biscuits

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3480

Author(s):

Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández ◽

Eduardo Dellacassa ◽

Tiziana Nardin ◽

Roberto Larcher ◽

Adriana Gámbaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

No Production ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Potential Health ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Orange Pomace

The present investigation aimed to provide novel information on the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from raw citrus pomaces (mandarin varieties Clemenule and Ortanique and orange varieties Navel and Valencia). The effects of the baking process on their bioaccessibility was also assessed. Samples of pomaces and biscuits containing them as an ingredient were digested, mimicking the human enzymatic oral gastrointestinal digestion process, and the composition of the digests were analyzed. UHPLC-MS/MS results of the citrus pomaces flavonoid composition showed nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin. The analysis of the digests indicated the bioaccessibility of compounds possessing antioxidant [6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest, 65.5–97.1 µmol Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g digest, and 135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest for total phenol content (TPC), ABTS, and ORAC-FL methods, respectively; significant reduction (p < 0.05) in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation under tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM)-induced conditions in IEC-6 and CCD-18Co cells when pre-treated with concentrations 5–25 µg/mL of the digests], anti-inflammatory [significant reduction (p < 0.05) in nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages], and antidiabetic (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL and 58.04–105.68 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition capacities) properties in the citrus pomaces under study. In addition, orange pomace biscuits with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber”, as well as those with good sensory quality (6.9–6.7, scale 1–9) and potential health promoting properties, were obtained. In conclusion, the results supported the feasibility of citrus pomace as a natural sustainable source of health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids. Unfractionated orange pomace may be employed as a functional food ingredient for reducing the risk of pathophysiological processes linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes, among others.

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