scholarly journals Mechanical properties and degradation studies of poly(mannitol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (69) ◽  
pp. 55879-55891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Águeda Sonseca ◽  
Oscar Sahuquillo ◽  
E. Johan Foster ◽  
Enrique Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Degradation Studies

Two pre-polymers with ad-mannitol : sebacic acid 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 ratios respectively were combined with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and crosslinked applying different time–temperature profiles to obtain PMS/CNC nanocomposites with different properties.

A greener and sustainable approach for converting polyurethane foam rejects into superior polyurethane coatings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Microwave Reaction ◽  
P Recycling ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Green Polymer

Recycling is a crucial area of research in green polymer chemistry. Various developments in recycling are driven by Environmental concerns, interest in sustainability and desire to decrease the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based materials. Polyurethane foams [PUF] are widely used due to their light weight and superior heat insulation as well as good mechanical properties. As per survey carried Polyurethane Foam Association, 12 metric tonnes of polyurethane foam are discharged during manufacturing and/or processing and hence recycling of PUF is necessary for better economics and ecological reasons. In present study, rejects of PUF is subjected to reaction with a diethylene amine in presence of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as catalyst, as a result depolymerised product containing hydroxyl and amine groups is obtained. Conventional and Microwave reaction for depolymerizing polyurethane foam have been carried, and best results are obtained by Microwave reaction. Further depolymerised product with hydroxyl and amine functionalities are reacted with bis (2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) [BHET] obtained by recycling polyethylene terephthalate [PET] and sebacic acid, with stannous oxalate [FASCAT 2100 series] as catalyst to obtain Polyester amides. These Polyester amides having hydroxyl and amino groups in excess are cured with isocyanates-hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret [HDI biuret] and isophorone diisocyanate [IPDI] for coating applications. The coated films are characterized using physical, mechanical and chemical tests, which shows comparable physical, mechanical properties but alkali resistance is poor.

Synthesis and properties of modified PBT for FDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqing Cao ◽  
Dandan Yu ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng ◽  
Wanyu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new modified polybutylene terephalate (MPBT) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) to increase the variety of materials compatible with printing. And the printing materials can be used to print components with a complex structure and functional mechanical parts. Design/methodology/approach The MPBT, poly(butylene terephalate-co-isophthalate-co-sebacate) (PBTIS), was prepared for FDM by direct esterification and subsequent polycondensation using terephthalic acid (PTA), isophthalic acid (PIA), sebacic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The effects of the content of PIA (20-40 mol%) on the mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated when the mole per cent of SA (αSA) is zero. The effects of αSA (0-7mol%) on the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated at nPTA/nPIA = 7/3. A desktop wire drawing and extruding machine was used to fabricate the filaments, whose printability and anisotropy were tested by three-dimensional (3D) printing experiments. Findings A candidate content of PIA introducing into PBT was obtained to be about 30 per cent, and the Izod notched impact strength of PBTIS increased with the increase of αSA. The results showed that the PBTIS (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5mol%) is suitable for FDM. Originality/value New printing materials with good Izod notched impact strength were obtained by introducing PIA and SA (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5 mol%) into PBT and their anisotropy are better than that of ABS.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Stable Alginate-Nanocellulose Gels for Biomedical Applications: Towards Tunable Mechanical Properties and Cell Growing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Siqueira ◽  
Éder Siqueira ◽  
Ana Elza De Lima ◽  
Gilberto Siqueira ◽  
Ana Delia Pinzón-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Alginate Gels

Hydrogels have been studied as promising materials in different biomedical applications such as cell culture in tissue engineering or in wound healing. In this work, we synthesized different nanocellulose-alginate hydrogels containing cellulose nanocrystals, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCTs), cellulose nanofibers or TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFTs). The hydrogels were freeze-dried and named as gels. The nanocelluloses and the gels were characterized by different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), while the biological features were characterized by cytotoxicity and cell growth assays. The addition of CNCTs or CNFTs in alginate gels contributed to the formation of porous structure (diameter of pores in the range between 40 and 150 μm). TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers have proven to play a crucial role in improving the dimensional stability of the samples when compared to the pure alginate gels, mainly after a thermal post-treatment of these gels containing 50 wt % of CNFT, which significantly increased the Ca2+ crosslinking density in the gel structure. The morphological characteristics, the mechanical properties, and the non-cytotoxic behavior of the CNFT-alginate gels improved bioadhesion, growth, and proliferation of the cells onto the gels. Thus, the alginate-nanocellulose gels might find applications in tissue engineering field, as for instance, in tissue repair or wound healing applications.

Degradation studies and mechanical properties of treated curauá fibers and microcrystalline cellulose in composites with polyamide 6

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (25) ◽  
pp. 3481-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato P de Melo ◽  
Maria FV Marques ◽  
Patrick Navard ◽  
Norman P Duque
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Curaua Fibers

Fatigue and tensile behaviors of fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites embedded with nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Mahmoud Yousry Zaghloul ◽  
Yasser S Mohamed ◽  
Hassan El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wide Range

The development of studying nanocomposites has grown up rapidly in the last decade. The objective of the current research is to study the influence of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals on the mechanical properties of polyester resins, as well as to develop continuous filament e-glass fiber-reinforced polyester nanocomposites, which combine traditional composites with the added advantages of nanocomposites. Cellulose nanocrystals were uniformly dispersed into the polyester resin by an ultrasonic processor. The incorporation and dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals were a state-of-the-art method aimed at overcoming poor dispersion problems at low weight fractions of nanoparticles. Three weight percentages of cellulose nanocrystals were prepared, which were 2%, 4% and 6%. Fatigue and tensile specimens were manufactured by resin transfer molding process. Cellulose nanocrystals were fully characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta-sizer analysis. The optimum incorporation percentage of cellulose nanocrystals was used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polyester specimens containing cellulose nanocrystals. Tensile and fatigue behaviors of glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites were evaluated by means of universal testing machine and rotating bending fatigue machine. A series of testing specimens for each property was examined in accordance with the corresponding ASTM and JIS standards. The experimental results showed that the addition of 4% cellulose nanocrystals to polyester matrix lead to the optimum tensile and fatigue properties. Mechanical properties were improved through the enhanced material design and proper selection of compatible nanoparticles, and adding cellulose nanocrystals in a weight fraction that does not affect the mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced polyester nanocomposites negatively. The presented design of material and geometry have shown promising results for wide range of applications, particularly in biomedical industry, energy and electronics.

Rod- and sphere-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) type-II derived from Asclepias Syriaca stem residues: Composition, Morphology and Thermal properties.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Astruc ◽  
Michel Grandbois ◽  
Gaétan Laroche ◽  
Mathieu Robert ◽  
Said Elkoun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Cellulose nanocrystals or nanoparticles (CNCs) has drawn a lot of attention due to their abundance, biocompatibility, renewability and their excellent mechanical properties paving the way to innovative and sustainable applications. In the present work, the stem residues of Asclepias Syriaca, better known as milkweed and generally regarded as a weed, was used for the first time to extract CNCs with a crystalline structure type-II (CNCs-II). Structural, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of extracted CNCs-II were characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Asclepias Syriaca stem fibers revealed quite similar cellulose content as compared to other milkweed species and, stable suspensions made of nanosphere- and nanorod- shape CNCs-II were successfully extracted from raw milkweed fibers. In addition, after conversion from cellulose-I to cellulose-II by mercerization, milkweed cellulose-II exhibited higher thermal resistance as compared to cellulose-I with degradation temperature at 328 °C and 310 °C respectively. Finally, the transversal elastic modulus of individuals CNCs-II, as measured by atomic force microscopy, was found to be in the range of 3.5-27 GPa which is consistent with reported values for CNCs-I or -II in the literature.

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