scholarly journals Inosine metabolism in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Sharma ◽  
A R Fernando ◽  
J R Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Ribose Moiety

1. Uptake and subsequent metabolism of purine and ribose moieties was monitored after intravenous administration of doubly labelled inosine. 2. More than 95% was cleared from the plasma within 5 min, and 99% within 20 min. 3. Approx. 50% of the 160 mumol total was rapidly incorporated into liver and kidney. Kidney removed the greatest amount (21 mumol/g wet wt.), about 10-fold more than heart, lung or liver. Lung and heart accounted for only 3%. These tissues then lost radioactivity during the remainder of the experiment. Radioactivity in the skeletal muscle, in contrast, increased from 8% of the injected dose at 5 min to 40% at 60 min. 4. In liver, kidney, heart and lung there was a significant difference in the fate of inosine. After initial incorporation of inosine, kidney predominantly lost inosine; heart preferentially lost purines; lung preferentially lost ribose radioactivity; and in liver the ribose radioactivity was rapidly lost, whereas purine was retained. Some of the ribose moiety was metabolized to glucose, presumably in the liver, and then released into the blood. Ribose radioactivity (probably as glucose) and radioactive hypoxanthine accumulated in skeletal muscle throughout the experiment. 5. Inosine caused a rapid and prolonged increase in the blood glucose content, from 6 to 15 mM in 60 min. This was accompanied by a small increase in plasma insulin. 6. It is concluded that the purine and ribose radioactivity lost from the kidney, liver and other tissues becomes incorporated into skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The B2 Receptor of Bradykinin Is Not Essential for the Post-Exercise Increase in Glucose Uptake by Insulin-Stimulated Mouse Skeletal Muscle

2011 ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. SCHWEITZER ◽  
C. M. CASTORENA ◽  
T. HAMADA ◽  
K. FUNAI ◽  
E. B. ARIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Exercise Induced

Bradykinin can enhance skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU), and exercise increases both bradykinin production and muscle insulin sensitivity, but bradykinin’s relationship with post-exercise insulin action is uncertain. Our primary aim was to determine if the B2 receptor of bradykinin (B2R) is essential for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscles. Wildtype (WT) and B2R knockout (B2RKO) mice were sedentary or performed 60 minutes of treadmill exercise. Isolated soleus muscles were incubated with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose ±insulin (60 or 100 μU/ml). GU tended to be greater for WT vs. B2RKO soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.166) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). Both genotypes had significant exercise-induced reductions (P<0.05) in glycemia and insulinemia, and the decrements for glucose (~14 %) and insulin (~55 %) were similar between genotypes. GU tended to be greater for exercised vs. sedentary soleus with 60 μU/ml insulin (P=0.063) and was significantly greater for muscles with 100 μU/ml insulin (P<0.05). There were no significant interactions between genotype and exercise for blood glucose, plasma insulin or GU. These results indicate that the B2R is not essential for the exercise-induced decrements in blood glucose or plasma insulin or for the post-exercise increase in GU by insulin-stimulated mouse soleus muscle.

Skeletal muscle sodium and potassium changes after successful surgery in acromegaly: relation to body composition, blood glucose, plasma insulin and blood pressure

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Landin ◽  
Björn Petruson ◽  
Karl-Erik Jakobsson ◽  
Bengt-Åke Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this study was to investigate the skeletal muscle sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio in acromegaly before and 1 year after trans-sphenoidal removal of a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Muscle biopsies were taken and skeletal muscle electrolytes, body composition, glucose, insulin and blood pressure were studied. Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, but not blood pressure, were higher in acromegalic patients (N = 9) than in controls (N = 6). The skeletal muscle potassium content was higher (p <0.01) but the sodium content and the Na/K ratio were lower (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) in untreated patients with acromegaly as compared to weight-matched healthy controls. Elevated GH, glucose and insulin levels normalized after surgery. Blood pressure remained unchanged. The total body potassium content, the lean body mass and the total body water content decreased and the body fat content increased while the body weight was unchanged. The skeletal muscle potassium content decreased from [median (range)] 9.8 (9.2–11.5) to 7.7 (5.7–9.5) mmol/100 g wet wt (p<0.001). The skeletal muscle sodium content increased from 2.8 (2.5–3.9) to 5.1 (4.3–6.7) mmol/100 g wet wt (p<0.001) and the Na/K ratio increased from 0.28 (0.26–0.38) to 0.56 (0.51–1.18) (p< 0.001) after surgery, which is a higher level than the controls with a Na/K ratio of 0.47 (0.39–0.84) (p<0.01). These changes seem to be mediated by a decreased GH effect on the Na/K pump after successful trans-sphenoidal surgery in acromegaly.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KUALITAS TIDUR DENGAN 5 INDIKATOR SINDROMA METABOLIK PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Simon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
T Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference

 ABSTRACTHigh death rate caused by non-transmitted diseases in the world is begun with metabolic syndrome in human beings such the increase in IMT (Body Mass Index) to be obesity, the increase in blood pressure to be hypertension, the increase in blood glucose to be diabetes mellitus, and abnormality of triglycerides, and  HDL cholesterol. Many factors which trigger the indicator abnormality, and of them is bad sleep quality. The research used cross sectional design by analyzing the correlation between sleep quality and 5 metabolic syndrome indicator in female nurses in the operation room of Adam Malik Medan hospital. Sleep quality was measured by using questionnaire of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), body height and weight were measured to get IMT value, blood pressure was measured by using tensimeter, blood glucose and blood lipid were measured by getting the respondent’s vena blood samples. The data were processed and analysis with independent t-test.The result with independent t-test showed that there was significant difference in IMT (sig=0,003), systolic blood pressure (sig=0,028), and fasting blood glucose content (sig=0,00). However, there was no significant difference in trigliyceride content (sig=0,519), HDL cholesterol content (sig=0,300),). The conclusion was that sleep quality was correlated with three metabolic syndrome indicators: IMT, blood pressure, and blood glucose content, but there was no correlation with trigliyceride and HDL cholesterol.Keywords: Sleep Quality, Metabolic Syndrome , T-Test, 

A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF C14 IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K1-C14 AND VITAMIN K3-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
G. J. Millar ◽  
R. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

The C14 content was determined of the livers, spleens, skeletal muscle, blood, feces, and urine of both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats and of the placentas, fetal livers, fetuses, and amnionic fluids of pregnant rats following the intravenous administration of 5 mg./kg. of either vitamin K1-C14 or vitamin K3-C14. The C14 concentrations of the livers of the rats given vitamin Kt were about 24 times larger than those of animals that had received vitamin K3-C14. A fivefold difference in the same direction exists between the concentrations in the spleens of the two groups. The C14 levels for skeletal muscle, blood, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal tissue were of similar magnitude regardless of whether vitamin Kt or vitamin K3 was administered. Isotope dilution tests revealed that following intravenous administration of vitamin K1-C14 the amount of radioactivity present as unchanged vitamin Kt-C14 was 12% for fetal tissue, 59% for placenta, and 120% for the maternal liver. The dry weights of the livers of pregnant rats were larger than those of nonpregnant rats and the increase was proportional to the live weight of the pregnant rat. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the percentage of the injected dose of vitamin K1 deposited in the livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats. The same was true for vitamin K3-C14. The results of this experiment indicate that vitamin K3-C14 is not concentrated in the liver of the rat whereas vitamin K1-C14 is. Furthermore, it would appear that both vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 can pass the placental barrier of the rat.

Effects of intraduodenal glucose and fructose on antropyloric motility and appetite in healthy humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. R360-R366 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Rayner ◽  
H. S. Park ◽  
J. M. Wishart ◽  
M.-F. Kong ◽  
S. M. Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Gip Release

Oral fructose empties from the stomach more rapidly and may suppress food intake more than oral glucose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intraduodenal infusions of fructose and glucose on antropyloric motility and appetite. Ten healthy volunteers were given intraduodenal infusions of 25% fructose, 25% glucose, or 0.9% saline (2 ml/min for 90 min). Antropyloric pressures, blood glucose, and plasma insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured concurrently; a buffet meal was offered at the end of the infusion. Intraduodenal fructose and glucose suppressed antral waves ( P < 0.0005 for both), stimulated isolated pyloric pressure waves ( P < 0.05 for both), and increased basal pyloric pressure ( P = 0.10 and P < 0.05, respectively) compared with saline, without any significant difference between them. Intraduodenal glucose increased blood glucose ( P < 0.0005), as well as plasma insulin ( P < 0.0005) and GIP ( P < 0.005) more than intraduodenal fructose, whereas there was no difference in the GLP-1 response. Intraduodenal fructose suppressed food intake compared with saline ( P < 0.05) and glucose ( P = 0.07). We conclude that, when infused intraduodenally at 2 kcal/min for 90 min 1) fructose and glucose have comparable effects on antropyloric pressures, 2) fructose tends to suppress food intake more than glucose, despite similar GLP-1 and less GIP release, and 3) GIP, rather than GLP-1, probably accounts for the greater insulin response to glucose than fructose.

scholarly journals The 3-methylhistidine content of human tissues

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elia ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Mean

1. The amount of 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) has been measured in eighty-eight samples of tissue taken Post-mortem from five adults.2. The highest concentration (μmol/g fat-free dry weight) of 3-MeH was in skeletal muscle (3.31 ± 0.05); intermediate values (2–3) were found in cardiac muscle and those tissues containing smooth muscle; and low values (less than I) occurred in parenchymal tissues such as liver and kidney.3. There was little variation between the mean 3-MeH content of striated muscles in different individuals, and no significant difference between the 3-MeH concentrations of striated muscles taken from six different sites.4. The results suggest that it is justifiable to use values obtained from single muscles to calculate the rate of myofibrillar breakdown from urinary 3-MeH excretion.

scholarly journals Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 deficiency lowers blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. E46-E54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Ho Jeoung ◽  
Robert A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) deficiency on glucose homeostasis was studied in mice fed a high-fat diet. Expression of PDK4 was greatly increased in skeletal muscle and diaphragm but not liver and kidney of wild-type mice fed the high-fat diet. Wild-type and PDK4−/− mice consumed similar amounts of the diet and became equally obese. Insulin resistance developed in both groups. Nevertheless, fasting blood glucose levels were lower, glucose tolerance was slightly improved, and insulin sensitivity was slightly greater in the PDK4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. When the mice were killed in the fed state, the actual activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) was higher in the skeletal muscle and diaphragm but not in the liver and kidney of PDK4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. When the mice were killed after overnight fasting, the actual PDC activity was higher only in the kidney of PDK4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. The concentrations of gluconeogenic substrates were lower in the blood of PDK4−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, consistent with reduced formation in peripheral tissues. Diaphragms isolated from PDK4−/− mice oxidized glucose faster and fatty acids slower than diaphragms from wild-type mice. Fatty acid oxidation inhibited glucose oxidation by diaphragms from wild-type but not PDK4−/− mice. NEFA, ketone bodies, and branched-chain amino acids were elevated more in PDK4−/− mice, consistent with slower rates of oxidation. These findings show that PDK4 deficiency lowers blood glucose and slightly improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals The CREBRF diabetes-protective rs373863828-A allele is associated with enhanced early insulin release in men of Māori and Pacific ancestry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Burden ◽  
Shannon Adams ◽  
Braydon Kulatea ◽  
Morag Wright-McNaughton ◽  
Danielle Sword ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractAimThe minor A allele of rs373863828 (CREBRF p.Arg457Gln) is associated with increased body mass index (BMI), but reduced risk of type 2 and gestational diabetes in Polynesian (Pacific peoples and Aotearoa New Zealand Māori) populations. This study investigates the effect of the A allele on insulin release and sensitivity in overweight/obese men without diabetes.MethodsA mixed meal tolerance test was completed by 172 men (56 with the A allele) of Māori or Pacific ancestry, and 44 (24 with the A allele) had a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Mixed linear models with covariates age, ancestry and BMI were used to analyse the association between the A allele of rs373863828 and markers of insulin release and blood glucose regulation.ResultsThe A allele of rs373863828 is associated with a greater increase in plasma insulin 30 min following a meal challenge without affecting the elevation in plasma glucose or incretins GLP-1 or GIP. Consistent with this point, following an intravenous infusion of a glucose bolus, participants with an A allele had higher early (p<0.05 at 2 and 4 min) plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations for a similar elevation in blood glucose as those homozygous for the major (G) allele. Despite increased plasma insulin, rs373863828 genotype was not associated with a significant difference (p>0.05) in insulin sensitivity index or glucose disposal during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.Conclusion/interpretationrs373863828-A allele associates with increased glucose-stimulated insulin release without affecting insulin sensitivity, suggesting that CREBRF p.Arg457Gln may increase maximal ability for β-cells to release insulin to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF C14 IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT FEMALE RATS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN K1-C14 AND VITAMIN K3-C14

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
G. J. Millar ◽  
R. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

The C14 content was determined of the livers, spleens, skeletal muscle, blood, feces, and urine of both pregnant and nonpregnant female rats and of the placentas, fetal livers, fetuses, and amnionic fluids of pregnant rats following the intravenous administration of 5 mg./kg. of either vitamin K1-C14 or vitamin K3-C14. The C14 concentrations of the livers of the rats given vitamin Kt were about 24 times larger than those of animals that had received vitamin K3-C14. A fivefold difference in the same direction exists between the concentrations in the spleens of the two groups. The C14 levels for skeletal muscle, blood, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal tissue were of similar magnitude regardless of whether vitamin Kt or vitamin K3 was administered. Isotope dilution tests revealed that following intravenous administration of vitamin K1-C14 the amount of radioactivity present as unchanged vitamin Kt-C14 was 12% for fetal tissue, 59% for placenta, and 120% for the maternal liver. The dry weights of the livers of pregnant rats were larger than those of nonpregnant rats and the increase was proportional to the live weight of the pregnant rat. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the percentage of the injected dose of vitamin K1 deposited in the livers of pregnant or nonpregnant rats. The same was true for vitamin K3-C14. The results of this experiment indicate that vitamin K3-C14 is not concentrated in the liver of the rat whereas vitamin K1-C14 is. Furthermore, it would appear that both vitamin K1 and vitamin K3 can pass the placental barrier of the rat.

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