Therapeutic strategies to target microbial protein–glycosaminoglycan interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1505-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Almer ◽  
Bernd Gesslbauer ◽  
Andreas J. Kungl
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Microbial Invasion

Glycans are involved in a plethora of human pathologies including infectious diseases. Especially, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), like heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, have been found to be involved in different crucial stages of microbial invasion. Here, we review various therapeutic approaches, which target the interface of host GAGs and microbial proteins and discuss their limitations and challenges for drug development.

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cytokine Storm Induced by Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Xi-Dian Tang ◽  
Tian-Tian Ji ◽  
Jia-Rui Dong ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Feng-Qiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Targeted Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine storm varying from disease to disease. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm induction and progression induced by pathogenic invasive infectious diseases. Strategies for targeted treatment of various types of infection-induced cytokine storms are described from both host and pathogen perspectives. In summary, current studies indicate that cytokine storm-targeted therapies can effectively alleviate tissue damage while promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. Based on this premise, “multi-omics” immune system profiling should facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate cytokine storms caused by various diseases.

Selective distributions of proteoglycans and their ligands in pericellular matrix of cultured fibroblasts. Implications for their roles in cell-substratum adhesion

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamagata ◽  
S. Saga ◽  
M. Kato ◽  
M. Bernfield ◽  
K. Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Fibers ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Pericellular Matrix ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Focal Contacts ◽  
The Difference

We showed previously that a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, PG-M (also known as versican), inhibits cell-substratum adhesion, while basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (recently named perlecan) does not (Yamagata et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8012–8018). To extend our understanding of the adhesive function of these proteoglycans, we examined the pericellular localization of the proteoglycans and their ligands and also that of some matrix receptors and cytoskeletal molecules in various fibroblast culture systems. PG-M was abundant in the subcellular space of fibroblasts, but was excluded selectively from focal contacts where vinculin, integrins and fibronectin were localized. Hyaluronan, CD44 and tenascin were distributed similarly as PG-M. In contrast, perlecan was associated with fibronectin and was included in focal contacts. Syndecan-1, a membrane heparan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, was associated with fibronectin at the cell surface, partly at focal contacts and in association with stress fibers. Thus, complexes of PG-M with hyaluronan, tenascin and CD44, are not involved in focal contacts. On the other hand, perlecan and syndecan-1 together with fibronectin may participate in focal contacts. The difference in localization between these proteoglycans may be related to their glycosaminoglycan content and to their distinctive roles in cell-substratum adhesion.

Novel Therapeutic Approaches and the Evolution of Drug Development in Advanced Kidney Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Praful Ravi ◽  
Ziad Bakouny ◽  
Andrew Schmidt ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Saidur Rahman ◽  
Md Alamin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract COVID-19, the global threat to humanity, shares etiological cofactors with multiple diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the common links between COVID-19 and AD would harness strategizing therapeutic approaches against both. Considering the urgency of formulating COVID-19 medication, its AD association and manifestations have been reviewed here, putting emphasis on memory and learning disruption. COVID-19 and AD share common links with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9), and APOE4 allele. Common etiological factors and common manifestations described in this review would aid in developing therapeutic strategies for both COVID-19 and AD and thus impact on eradicating the ongoing global threat. Thus, people suffering from COVID-19 or who have come round of it as well as people at risk of developing AD or already suffering from AD, would be benefitted.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Oncogenesis and Therapy of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Silvia Violanti ◽  
Ilaria Bononi ◽  
Carla Enrica Gallenga ◽  
Fernanda Martini ◽  
Mauro Tognon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Uveal melanoma (UM), which is the most common cancer of the eye, was investigated in recent years by many teams in the field of biomedical sciences and eye clinicians. New knowledge was acquired on molecular pathways found to be dysregulated during the multistep process of oncogenesis, whereas novel therapeutic approaches gave significant results in the clinical applications. Uveal melanoma-affected patients greatly benefited from recent advances of the research in this eye cancer. Tumour biology, genetics, epigenetics and immunology contributed significantly in elucidating the role of different genes and related pathways during uveal melanoma onset/progression and UM treatments. Indeed, these investigations allowed identification of new target genes and to develop new therapeutic strategies/compounds to cure this aggressive melanoma of the eye. Unfortunately, the advances reported in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma have not produced analogous benefits in metastatic uveal melanoma. Nowadays, no systemic adjuvant therapy has been shown to improve overall survival or reduce the risk of metastasis. However, the increasing knowledge of this disease, and the encouraging results seen in clinical trials, offer promise for future effective therapies. Herein, different pathways/genes involved in uveal melanoma onset/progression were taken into consideration, together with novel therapeutic approaches.

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