Set-Point Displacement for Behavioural Thermoregulation in Anorexia Nervosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Luck ◽  
A. Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
High Stimulus ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Patients Experience

1. The temperatures of thermal stimuli which evoked a feeling of maximal pleasantness upon contact with the hands of 14 malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa and 19 control subjects have been determined. A uniform skin temperature of 35°C for all individuals studied was achieved by immersion of the subjects and patients in water at that temperature. Core temperatures of the anorexic patients were similar to those of the control subjects, but six of the patients preferred temperatures that were significantly higher than those of the control subjects. The thermal preferences of the remainder of the patients were similar to those of the control subjects. 2. The abnormally high thermal preferences of some of the anorexic patients could not be attributed to abnormal thyroid status, since values for serum free thyroxine measured in this group were similar to those obtained for the remaining patients. The abnormal responses persisted after there had been a substantial gain in the patients'weight and did not therefore appear to be directly due to malnutrition. 3. Elevation of deep body temperature produced an expected shift in preference towards lower stimulus temperatures in a sample of subjects from the control group, and in the patients who had initially preferred temperatures within the range of the controls. In the patients who had initially preferred abnormally high stimulus temperatures, however, hyperthermia produced little change in thermal preference. 4. It is suggested that an elevation in the set-point temperature for behavioural thermoregulation can occur in some patients with anorexia nervosa, and that this displacement-5-contribute to the distressing sense of cold which some patients experience.

DISSOCIATION IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Schumaker ◽  
William G. Warren ◽  
Gwenda S. Schreiber ◽  
Craig C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Degree Of Dissociation ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study employed the Riley Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation in order to assess degree of dissociation in females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The subjects consisted of 26 anorexic and 18 bulimic females, and a non eating-disordered control group of 22 females. Results indicated that eating disordered subjects, considered together, had significantly higher dissociation scores than the non eating-disordered control group. Additionally, when considered separately, both the anorexic and bulimic groups had significantly higher dissociation scores than the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the level of dissociation between anorexic and bulimic groups. These findings are discussed in relation to previous investigations and implications for possible future research and treatment.

Autonomic Arousal in Eating Disorders: Further Evidence for the Clinical Subdivision of Anorexia Nervosa

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calloway ◽  
Peter Fonagy ◽  
Anthony Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Conductance Level

SummaryAutonomic arousal, measured by skin conductance level and response, was examined in 36 female patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) and 32 control subjects. No differences were found between the control group and anorexics who lost weight solely through dieting (restricting anorexics). Patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and anorexics with bulimic features, however, showed fewer spontaneous skin conductance responses and were faster to habituate to 85 dB tones than either controls or restricting anorexic patients. The pattern of findings supports recent views concerning the clinical subdivision of anorexia nervosa.

scholarly journals Cytokine production by blood mononuclear cells from in-patients with anorexia nervosa

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Nova ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Gonzalo Morandé ◽  
Ascensión Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

Although protein–energy malnutrition is a common cause of immunodeficiency, the immune function in underweight anorexia nervosa (AN) patients usually seems to be better preserved than would be expected. However, a deranged cytokine production and its consequences are currently being investigated in these patients. This study was aimed at measuring, over time, the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from AN in-patients to produce several cytokines involved in the regulation of immune responses. The in vitro production of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC were assessed on forty female adolescents with AN. These measures were carried out twice, upon hospital admission and at discharge, which occurred on average after 1 month. Thirty-five control subjects were also studied. Cytokines were measured by ELISA kits. The production of TNF-α and IL-6 was lower and production of IL-1β higher in AN patients than in the control group at both time points of assessment. Refeeding for 1 month was not enough time to reverse these differences and patients still had a low body weight at discharge. IFN-γ production was lower in the patients than in control subjects only at discharge and no differences were found in IL-2 production between both groups. The results suggest that a mechanism involving modifications in the secretion pattern of proinflammatory cytokines could explain some immune function findings in underweight AN patients.

Changes in perceptions and emotions before and after refeeding in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H Kennedy ◽  
Randy Katz ◽  
Christine G Ford ◽  
Elizabeth Ralevski
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Standard Meal ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractObjective: Physiological and psychological distortions associated with eating are recognised within the syndrome of anorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study was to compare subgroups of restricting and bulimic anorexic patients (AN-R and AN-B) with control subjects, and with themselves after six weeks of refeeding and weight gain, on a series of indices before and after a standard meal. Method: Nineteen consecutively admitted female AN patients completed visual analogue ratings of hunger, satiety, depression, urge to binge, urge to vomit and food craving during the first week and sixth week of hospitalisation. A female control group of seven subjects completed similar ratings for one week. The patient ratings were compared to those of the control subjects at baseline before and after a meal. Further comparisons between the two patient groups were also carried out six weeks after treatment. Results: As expected, AN patients reported significantly higher ratings of depression, urges to vomit, urges to binge and higher satiety levels when compared to controls. Comparisons between the patient subgroups revealed that at baseline AN-B patients had significantly higher urges to vomit that AN-R patients after meals, and reported significantly less satiety both before and after eating. Also, an increase in depression after the meal, at baseline, was reported by both groups although after six weeks higher levels of depression were recorded before rather than after the meal. There was also a significant decrease in food cravings after six weeks compared to baseline for both patient groups.Conclusions: The findings in this study provide further evidence that clinically significant differences exist between subtypes of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, and highlight the differential, change in various symptoms during intense hospital treatment.

Impaired glucagon secretion to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in anorexia nervosa

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Fujii ◽  
Hajime Tamai ◽  
Mitsuharu Kumai ◽  
Yukihiko Takaichi ◽  
Tetsuya Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arginine Infusion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Glucose Recovery

Abstract. In order to clarify the role played by pancreatic α-cell dysfunction in the impaired glucose recovery from hypoglycemia in patients with anorexia nervosa, the response of pancreatic α-cells to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was investigated in 16 patients with anorexia nervosa before and after treatment. The results were compared with those obtained after loading with arginine. Before treatment, despite comparable falls in plasma glucose levels, glucagon secretion was significantly reduced in the anorectic patients compared with control subjects. In addition, glucose recovery from hypoglycemia in the patients was attenuated. However, after treatment, both glucagon secretory activity and plasma glucose recovery following insulin-induced hypoglycemia were restored to normal. Plasma glucagon responses to arginine infusion were not significantly different in the untreated anorectic patients and control subjects. However, the plasma insulin response in the patients was significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that the impaired recovery of plasma glucose levels from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with anorexia nervosa is primarily attributable to impaired pancreatic α-secretory capability. In addition, this abnormality in pancreatic α-cell function is reversible with treatment leading to improved nutrition and weight gain.

The self and schizophrenia: a cognitive approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznanski
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to explore the basic features of self-schema in persons with schizophrenia. Thirty two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were asked to select personality trait words from a check-list that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like. Compared with the control group, participants from the experimental group chose significantly more adjectives that were common to descriptions of self and others, and significantly less that were common to self and past-self descriptions. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients experience their personality as changing over time much more than do healthy subjects. Moreover, their self-representation seems to be less differentiated from others-representation and less clearly defined than in normal subjects.

scholarly journals Psychological Traits and Behavioural Influences in Patients with Dystonia—An Observational Cohort Study in a Romanian Neurology Department

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Eugenia Irene Davidescu ◽  
Irina Odajiu ◽  
Delia Tulbă ◽  
Iulia Mitrea ◽  
Camelia Cucu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Idiopathic Dystonia

(1) Background: Emerging evidence indicates that non-motor symptoms significantly influence the quality of life in dystonic patients. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their psychological characteristics and personality traits. (2) Methods: Subjects with idiopathic dystonia and a matched control group were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study. Inclusion criteria for patient group included idiopathic dystonia diagnosis, evolution exceeding 1 year, and signed informed consent. Inclusion criteria for the control group included lack of neurological comorbidities and signed informed consent. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory along with an additional form of demographic factors. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed with SPSS. (3) Results: In total, 95 participants were included, of which 57 were in the patient group. Females prevailed (80%), and the mean age was 54.64 ± 12.8 years. The most frequent clinical features of dystonia were focal distribution (71.9%) and progressive disease course (94.73%). The patients underwent regular treatment with botulinum toxin (85.95%). In addition, patients with dystonia obtained significantly higher openness scores than controls, even after adjusting for possible confounders (p = 0.006). Personality traits were also different between the two groups, with patients more often being fantasists (p = 0.007), experimenters (p = 0.022), sophists (p = 0.040), seldom acceptors (p = 0.022), and pragmatics (p = 0.022) than control subjects. (4) Conclusion: Dystonic patients tend to have different personality profiles compared to control subjects, which should be taken into consideration by the treating neurologist.

scholarly journals Circulating tumour DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using digital droplet PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199296
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
Jiayun Liu ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective To evaluate the performance of a DNA methylation-based digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect aberrant DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to determine its application in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The present study recruited patients with liver-related diseases and healthy control subjects. Blood samples were used for the extraction of cfDNA, which was then bisulfite converted and the extent of DNA methylation quantified using a ddPCR platform. Results A total of 97 patients with HCC, 80 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B/C virus infection were enrolled in the study. The level of cfDNA in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. For the detection of HCC, based on a cut-off value of 15.7% for the cfDNA methylation ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 89.38%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.27%, the positive predictive value was 81.91% and the negative predictive value was 87.20%. The positive likelihood ratio of 15.7% in HCC diagnosis was 7.40, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24. Conclusions A sensitive methylation-based assay might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.

scholarly journals Emotional and Neurobehavioural Status in Chronic Pain Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Shuchang ◽  
He Mingwei ◽  
Jia Hongxiao ◽  
Wu Si ◽  
Yang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Lower Back Pain ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the emotional and neurobehavioural status of patients suffering from chronic pain.METHODS: Fifteen male patients with chronic lower back pain and 15 healthy control subjects were studied for approximately six months. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale. The WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) was used to assess neurobehavioural effects of environmental and occupational exposures.RESULTS: Visual analogue scale results demonstrated a modest range of reported pain (mean [± SD] 62.0±10.8) in chronic pain patients, whereas control subjects reported no measurable pain. With the NCTB, it was found that scores of negative mood state, including anger-hostility, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia and tension-anxiety in pain patients were significantly higher than scores in the control subjects. By contrast, scores of positive mood state (vigour-activity) in chronic pain patients were lower than those in the control group. The NCTB scores of the Santa Ana Dexterity and Pursuit Aiming II tests in chronic lower back pain patients were lower than those of the control group. Scores for other NCTB sub-tests, including the Digit Span, Benton Visual Retention and Digit Symbol tests, were not significantly different compared with controls.CONCLUSIONS: Chronic lower back pain patients had more negative mood and less positive mood than controls. These patients also demonstrated neuromotor deficits in coordination and reaction time. Further studies are required to examine possible neurological mechanisms and research potential intervention strategies for patients suffering from chronic pain.

Decreased Bone Density in Adolescent Girls With Anorexia Nervosa

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Bachrach ◽  
David Guido ◽  
Debra Katzman ◽  
Iris F. Litt ◽  
Robert Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects

Osteoporosis develops in women with chronic anorexia nervosa. To determine whether bone mass is reduced in younger patients as well, bone density was studied in a group of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. With single- and dual-photon absorptiometry, a comparison was made of bone mineral density of midradius, lumbar spine, and whole body in 18 girls (12 to 20 years of age) with anorexia nervosa and 25 healthy control subjects of comparable age. Patients had significantly lower lumbar vertebral bone density than did control subjects (0.830 ± 0.140 vs 1.054 ± 0.139 g/cm2) and significantly lower whole body bone mass (0.700 ± 0.130 vs 0.955 ± 0.130 g/cm2). Midradius bone density was not significantly reduced. Of 18 patients, 12 had bone density greater than 2 standard deviations less than normal values for age. The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa had been made less than 1 year earlier for half of these girls. Body mass index correlated significantly with bone mass in girls who were not anorexic (P < .05, .005, and .0001 for lumbar, radius, and whole body, respectively). Bone mineral correlated significantly with body mass index in patients with anorexia nervosa as well. In addition, age at onset and duration of anorexia nervosa, but not calcium intake, activity level, or duration of amenorrhea correlated significantly with bone mineral density. It was concluded that important deficits of bone mass occur as a frequent and often early complication of anorexia nervosa in adolescence. Whole body is considerably more sensitive than midradius bone density as a measure of cortical bone loss in this illness. Low body mass index is an important predictor of this reduction in bone mass.

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