Normal values for handgrip strength in 920 men and women aged over 65 years, and longitudinal changes over 4 years in 620 survivors

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bassey ◽  
U. J. Harries
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Customary Activity ◽  
Loss Of Strength

1. The maximal grip strength of the hand has been measured in a random sample of 359 men and 561 women aged over 65 years living in their own homes. The response rate was 80% from a representative demographic area of the U.K. Measurements were made of body mass, skeletal size (demispan) and grip strength. Grip strength was measured using a custom-built strain-gauged dynamometer. The best of three attempts was taken as definitive. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information about customary activity, use of handgrip muscles, health and psychological well-being. This was repeated with 620 survivors 4 years later. 2. The results for strength were normally distributed. The right hand was 10% stronger than the left and men had twice the strength of women. Strength was significantly related to skeletal size and in men to body mass. The gender difference was only partly accounted for by skeletal size and women were substantially disadvantaged in terms of their strength/body mass ratio. 3. There was a significant decline in strength with age of 2%/year for men and women. Strength was also significantly related to customary activity, reported use of the hands and psychological and physical health. 4. After 4 years 620 survivors were re-measured. Grip strength had declined by 12% in men and 19% in women and these losses were significantly related to age. A significant decline was also found in reported use, customary activity and health scores, and in women in body mass and psychological health. The loss of strength was significantly related to the decline in reported use of the hands but not to the other losses. 5. It is concluded that loss of strength over time in old age may be seriously underestimated by cross-sectional studies, especially in women; and that the loss is consistently and predominantly related to lack of use, rather than loss of health.

scholarly journals MUSCLE WEAKNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DISABILITY AND CHRONIC MULTIMORBIDITY IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S316-S316
Author(s):  
Mark Peterson ◽  
Jessica Faul
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background: The objective of this study was to use nationally-representative data on Americans age 50+ to determine the association between grip strength and inflammation as independent predictors of incident disability, chronic multimorbidity and dementia. Methods: Older adults (n=12,618) from the 2006-2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study with 8-years of follow-up were included. Longitudinal modeling was performed to examine the association between baseline grip strength (normalized to body mass: NGS) and high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (≥3.0 mg/L) with incident physical disabilities (i.e., ≥2 limitations to activities of daily living), chronic multimorbidity (≥2 of chronic conditions), and dementia. Results: The odds of incident disability were 1.28 (95% CI: 1.19-1.37) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.21-1.36) for men and women respectively, for each 0.05-unit lower NGS. The odds of incident chronic multimorbidity were 1.22 (95% CI: 1.06-1.18) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06-1.17) for men and women respectively for each 0.05-unit lower NGS. The odds of incident dementia were 1.10 for men (95% CI: 1.02-1.20) for each 0.05-unit lower NGS, but there was no significant effect for women. Elevated hs-CRP was only associated with chronic multimorbidity among women (OR=1.60; 95%CI: 1.26-2.02). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a robust inverse association between NGS and disability and chronic, multimorbidity in older men and women, and dementia in men. Elevated hs-CRP was only associated with chronic multimorbidity among women. Healthcare providers should implement measures of handgrip strength in routine health assessments and discuss the potential dangers of weakness and interventions to improve strength with their patients.

Normal values for weight, skeletal size and body mass indices in 890 men and women aged over 65 years

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Lehmann ◽  
E.J. Bassey ◽  
K. Morgan ◽  
H.M. Dallosso
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Skeletal Size

Allometric Scaling of Grip Strength by Body Mass in College-Age Men and Women

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Vanderburgh ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Chia Hao Chou
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
College Age

scholarly journals Normative data for handgrip strength in Iranian healthy children and adolescents aged 7–18 years: comparison with international norms

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Rostamzadeh ◽  
Mahnaz Saremi ◽  
Alireza Abouhossein ◽  
Shahram Vosoughi ◽  
Johan F. M. Molenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hand Dynamometer ◽  
Upward Slope ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Grip strength is an essential component of physical fitness. The objective of this study was to develop normative handgrip strength data for Iranian healthy boys and girls comparing their handgrip strength with international reference values. Methods Handgrip strength was measured in 2637 healthy children/adolescents (1391 boys and 1246 girls), aged 7–18 years, using a standard adjustable Jamar hand dynamometer (Model 5030 J1, Sammons Preston Rolyan, Bolingbrook, IL, USA). Body mass (kg) and stature (cm) were measured and body mass index was computed in kg/m2. The sample was stratified by gender, age, and hand preference. Results Handgrip strength increased with age and was considerably higher in boys than in girls for all age groups (p < 0.001). Grip strength had a parallel and linear growth for both genders until the age of about 11 years and showed a steeper upward slope in boys than in girls thereafter. The findings of the current investigation were significantly different from those of the previously published normative data, especially for boys over the age of 12 years and girls in the age range of 7–18 years (p < 0.001). This difference was mainly in such a way that the Iranians had lower handgrip strength. Conclusions The differences between present results and those of similar available in the literature in this field emphasize the significant role of using normative data specific to a particular population in research or clinical settings.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Smell Impairment and Alteration in Older Americans: NHANES 2013–2014 (P01-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Camire ◽  
Emily Durán-Frontera ◽  
Mona Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Simple Logistic

Abstract Objectives This study examined relationships among smell impairment and health in adults over the age of 60 years. We hypothesized that persons with impaired or altered olfaction would be weaker (as shown by hand grip strength tests) and have a lower body mass index (BMI) ratios because they ate less. Methods The 2013–2014 NHANES database was use examined for smell identification scores, general demographic data, handgrip strength, and other types of data. Only persons aged 60 or older who had completed the Mobile Exam Center interview, and the complete smell and grip tests were included (n = 1287). Data were weighted to represent the U.S. population. Smell impairment was defined as five or fewer correct answers in the Odor Identification Test. Data-dependent statistical analyses (t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum, χ2) were performed to find differences based on specific criteria. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were generated by simple logistic regression, and then a multivariable predictive model was developed. Results The NHANES participants included for these analyses were mainly non-Hispanic white (52.7%), college-educated (54.5%), and lived with someone (60%). The prevalence of smell impairment was 21.7% among persons aged 60 or older, but the prevalence rose to 44.8% among persons aged 75–80. The prevalence of self-reported smell alteration was 16.2%. Smell impairment was significantly associated with age 75–80 years (OR: 3.51, CI: 2.51–3.11), and an educational level of high school or less (OR: 1.70, CI: 1.40–2.30). After adjustment for gender, age, education, and race, smell impairment was associated with poor health self-ratings (OR: 2.63, CI: 1.30–5.40), more sedentary hours each day (OR: 1.07, CI: 1.03–1.11), and presence of smell alteration (OR: 3.00, CI: 2.10–4.60). Persons with normal muscle and hand grip strength were less likely to have a smell impairment or alteration. Conclusions Men aged 75–80 years were more at risk for smell impairment. Further research is needed to determine whether preservation of olfaction can forestall age-related reductions in appetite, and subsequent loss in body mass, particularly muscle. The inclusion of persons older than 80 years in the NHANES sampling would provide useful data for researchers. Funding Sources USDA Hatch funds.

scholarly journals Normative Static Grip Strength of Saudi Arabia’s Population and Influences of Numerous Factors on Grip Strength

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Abdalla Alrashdan ◽  
Atef M. Ghaleb ◽  
Malek Almobarek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Hand Area

Most daily tasks require exerting static grip strength which can be challenging for the elderly as their strength diminishes with age. Moreover, normative static grip strength data are important in ergonomics and clinical settings. The goal of this study is to present the gender, age-specific, hand-specific, and body-mass-index-specific handgrip strength reference of Saudi males and females in order to describe the population’s occupational demand and to compare them with the international standards. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of gender, age group, hand area, and body mass index on the grip strength. A sample of 297 (146 male and 151 female) volunteers aged between 18 and 70 with different occupations participated in the study. Grip strength data were collected using a Jamar dynamometer with standard test position, protocol, and instructions. The mean maximum voluntary grip strength values for males were 38.71 kg and 22.01 kg, respectively. There was a curvilinear relationship of grip strength to age; significant differences between genders, hand area, and some age groups; and a correlation to hand dimensions depending on the gender.

Tolerance of Upper Extremity Pneumatic Tourniquets and their Effect on Grip Strength

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PRODHOMME ◽  
D. MOURAUX ◽  
P. -M. DUGAILLY ◽  
C. CHANTELOT ◽  
C. FONTAINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Loss Of Strength

This study was undertaken to evaluate tourniquet tolerance in healthy people. An arm tourniquet was inflated to 100 mmHg above systolic blood pressure for 21 minutes. We measured pain and grip strength before, during and at various times after deflation. We tested 40 subjects (20 women and 20 men) with an average age of 38 (range 22–58) years. Eight individuals did not tolerate the tourniquet for this length of time and the test was stopped. Visual analogical scale had a globally linear increase during tourniquet application. We noted a sensation of well-being just after deflation, quickly replaced by pain in the tested limb due to limb reperfusion. We also noted a significant loss of strength in the tested limb, which completely recovered by 48 hours. We also observed a significant loss of strength in the contralateral hand, which also recovered by 48 hours. The possible reasons for these temporary losses of strength in both the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs are discussed.

Physical Activity, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward McAuley ◽  
David Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Results

This review examines the effects of exercise and physical activity on the psychological well-being of older adults. Unlike most of the literature in this area, this review focuses primarily on those psychosocial outcomes that are generally positive in nature. As well as considering the overall effects of physical activity, the roles of program length, subject sex, age, physical fitness, and measurement are considered. Overall, the results of the 38 studies reviewed are overwhelmingly positive, with the majority reporting positive associations between physical activity and psychological well-being. This relationship appears to be moderated by the length of the exercise programs; longer programs consistently report more positive results. There is little evidence that exercise has differential psychological effects on men and women or on individuals of differing ages. Whereas training protocols seem to result in significant changes in physical fitness and well-being, such improvements appear to be unrelated. The review concludes with a brief discussion of possible mechanisms underlying the physical activity/psychological health relationship, and several directions are recommended for future research.

Primary Relationships Affect the Psychological Health of Homosexual Men at Risk for Aids

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerth O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Primary Relationships ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

Less is known about the effects of primary relationships on psychological health for homosexual men and women than for heterosexual men and women. Given the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the primary relationships of homosexual men are especially important to examine at the present time. Using questionnaire data collected from 259 homosexual men, this study examined the effects of status and quality of relationship on psychological health. Analysis indicated that homosexual men who are in primary relationships experience fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being than other homosexual men but that being in a relationship does not predict changes in these outcomes over time. Men who report high quality of relationship show improvements over time in psychological health. These findings are discussed in light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

ALLOMETRIC SCALING OF GRIP STRENGTH BY BODY MASS AND LEAN BODY MASS IN COLLEGE-AGE MEN AND WOMEN 305

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
P. M. Vanderburgh ◽  
T. Manos
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
College Age
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