scholarly journals Task-Specific Iconic Gesturing During Spoken Discourse in Aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brielle C. Stark ◽  
Caroline Cofoid
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gesture Production

Purpose In persons living with aphasia, we will explore the relationship between iconic gesture production during spontaneous speech and discourse task, spoken language, and demographic information. Method Employing the AphasiaBank database, we coded iconic gestures in 75 speakers with aphasia during two spoken discourse tasks: a procedural narrative, which involved participants telling the experimenter how to make a sandwich (“Sandwich”), and a picture sequence narrative, which had participants describe the picture sequence to the experimenter (“Window”). Forty-three produced a gesture during both tasks, and we further evaluate data from this subgroup as a more direct comparison between tasks. Results More iconic gestures, at a higher rate, were produced during the procedural narrative. For both tasks, there was a relationship between iconic gesture rate, modeled as iconic gestures per word, and metrics of language dysfluency extracted from the discourse task as well as a metric of fluency extracted from a standardized battery. Iconic gesture production was correlated with aphasia duration, which was driven by performance during only a single task (Window), but not with other demographic metrics, such as aphasia severity or age. We also provide preliminary evidence for task differences shown through the lens of two types of iconic gestures. Conclusions While speech-language pathologists have utilized gesture in therapy for poststroke aphasia, due to its possible facilitatory role in spoken language, there has been considerably less work in understanding how gesture differs across naturalistic tasks and how we can best utilize this information to better assess gesture in aphasia and improve multimodal treatment for aphasia. Furthermore, our results contribute to gesture theory, particularly, about the role of gesture across naturalistic tasks and its relationship with spoken language. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14614941

scholarly journals Task-specific iconic gesturing during spoken discourse in aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brielle C Stark ◽  
Caroline Cofoid
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Gesture Production

Purpose: Identify main effect of task, as well as roles of spoken language and demographic details, on iconic gesture production during spontaneous speech in persons living with aphasia.Method: Employing the AphasiaBank database, we coded iconic gestures in N=75 speakers with aphasia during two spoken discourse tasks: a procedural narrative, which involved participants telling the experimenter how to make a sandwich (“Sandwich”), and a picture sequence narrative, which had participants describe the picture sequence to the experimenter (“Window”). N=43 produced a gesture during both tasks, and this subgroup serves as a more direct comparison between tasks.Results: More iconic gestures, at a higher rate, were produced during the procedural narrative. For both tasks, there was a relationship between iconic gesture rate, modeled as iconic gestures per word, and metrics of language dysfluency extracted from the discourse task, and a metric of fluency extracted from a standardized battery. Iconic gesture production was correlated with aphasia duration, which was driven by performance during only a single task (Window), but not with other demographic metrics, such as aphasia severity or age. Conclusions: Whilst speech-language pathologists have utilized gesture in therapy for post-stroke aphasia, due to its possible facilitatory role in spoken language, there has been considerably less work in understanding how gesture differs across naturalistic tasks, and how we can best utilize this information to better assess and treat gesture in aphasia. Further, our results contribute to gesture theory, in particular about the role of gesture across naturalistic tasks, and its relationship with spoken language.

scholarly journals Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 20180642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Rafael Wlodarski ◽  
Anna Machin ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

The ratio between the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) has been widely used as a proxy for fetal exposure to androgens and has been linked to a number of sociosexual traits in humans. However, the role of genes in this equation remains unknown. Here ( N = 474), we test, firstly, for associations between 2D:4D and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine neurochemical receptor genes ( AR, OXTR, AVPR1A, OPRM1, DRD1/2, ANKK1, 5HTR1A/2A ), and secondly, whether digit ratios mediate the relationship between genetic variation and sociosexuality. We demonstrate significant associations between AR , OPRM1 and AVPR1A and 2D:4D. Moreover, mediation analysis indicates that, in women, AR and OPRM1 variation drives digit ratios, which are related positively to impulsivity and, for OPRM1 , negatively to romantic relationship quality. Although these findings are subject to multiple testing issues, this study provides preliminary evidence that in women genetic factors may affect both impulsivity and perceived relationship quality through influencing factors indexed by digit ratios.

An experimental investigation of the role of different types of iconic gesture in communication

Gesture ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Beattie ◽  
Heather Shovelton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Original Story ◽  
The Relationship

Respondents, who had either seen or not seen a sample of the iconic gestures that encoders produce when narrating a story, answered questions about the original story and it was found that the overall accuracy score for respondents who saw the iconic gestures in addition to hearing the speech was 56.8% compared to 48.6% for speech only. This was a highly reliable effect and suggests that iconic gestures are indeed communicative. Character viewpoint gestures were also significantly more communicative than observer viewpoint gestures particularly about the semantic feature relative position, but the observer viewpoint gestures were effective at communicating information, particularly about the semantic features speed and shape. There were no significant correlations between the amount of information that gestures added to speech and the amount they conveyed in its absence, which suggests that the relationship between speech and gesture is not fixed but variable. The implications of this research for our fundamental conception of iconic gestures are considered.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Addiction Among Medical Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Salma Rehman ◽  
Madiha Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between the role of religiosity and drug addiction among medical students. In the present study the drug addicted medical students were compared to non-addicts on measures of adolescent alcohol and drug use and demographic information. Participants of the study consisted of two hundred (N=200) male and female students with the age range of 18-29, including one hundred addicts (n=100) and one hundred (n=100) non addict medical students. Convenient sampling and snowball technique was used for collecting the data from medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Responses from the different medical students were analyzed. The finding of the research indicated that those students who offered their prayers on regular basis were less likely to be prone to drug addiction as compared to those who did not offer prayers regularly.

Sociodemographic Factors Contributing to Marital Stability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Priyadharshini ◽  
Rejani Thudalikunnil Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Marital Longevity ◽  
The Relationship

Marital Stability is interpreted as whether a couple in a marriage remains together, instead of separating or getting divorced. It is also called as marital longevity or duration of marriage. The objective of the study was to find the relationship between marriage duration and socio demographic variables of married couples in India. Thirty married couples were randomly selected using stratified random sampling. Three groups were formed based on the duration of the marriage such as married for 10 to 20 years, 21 to 30 years and 31 to 40 years. The respondents were asked about their demographic information like age, education, occupation, income and age at marriage. Data analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result indicated a negative correlation between length of marriage and education which means higher the education lesser the length of marriage. The role of education, income and age at marriage on marital stability was discussed and it was concluded that not only socio-demograhic factors, but also social and psychological factors to be considered to interpret the marital stability.

Supportive leadership and EVB

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat Elsaied
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior by examining the mediating role of employee advocacy, and the moderating role of proactive personality.Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested by using data that were collected from 402 supervisors, and 87 subordinates who were working in 6 firms belonging to the stone and Glass sector, in the Tenth Ramadan city, Egypt. The employees and their immediate supervisors provided data on separated questionnaires, and different occasions. Then, an identification number was used by the author to match each employee questionnaire with the response of his/ her immediate supervisor.FindingsThe results revealed that employee advocacy fully mediated the positive relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior. Also, it also found that proactive personality moderated the relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior, such that the relationship was stronger for people lower rather than higher in proactive personality.Originality/valueThis empirical paper provides preliminary evidence of the mediating effect of employee advocacy in the positive relationship between supportive leadership and employee voice behavior. The model extends the existing results by adding substantive moderate proactive personality to explain how the effect of supportive leadership on employee voice behavior.

scholarly journals Lutein and zeaxanthin: The possible contribution, mechanisms of action and implications of modern dietary intake for cognitive development in children.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Loskutova ◽  
Kajal Shah ◽  
Ian D. Flitcroft ◽  
Annalisa Setti ◽  
John S. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may be important for cognitive development in children, but a comprehensive evidence synthesis is lacking. The purpose of this evidence synthesis was to analyse the available data regarding the role of lutein and zeaxanthin for cognition in children and propose a theoretical basis for future studies.Methods:The PubMed, Scopus, the ISRCTN registry and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognitive function in children. Reference list and ancestry searches were performed on relevant articles. A total of 543 articles were identified, of which six cross-sectional studies were included.Results:The literature search revealed that the evidence concerning the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on cognition in children is sparse. However, there is some preliminary evidence indicating a positive association between lutein and zeaxanthin and cognition in childhood.Conclusions:The cross-sectional nature of the few studies available and the lack of RCT data indicates a need for further investigation before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

Subjectivity, intersubjectivity and non-subjectivity across spoken language genres

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Cock
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Various authors have pointed out a relationship between (inter)subjectivity and spoken language. This article looks into the relationship between subjectivity, intersubjectivity, non-subjectivity and spoken discourse genres in a more detailed way. On the basis of a quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis of informal conversation, TV-debates and parliamentary debates, this article offers a detailed operationalization of the concepts of subjectivity, intersubjectivity and non-subjectivity, and shows that they may be expressed not only in person deixis (which is typically associated with these phenomena) but also in impersonal strategies. On the other hand, the analysis of three spoken discourse genres shows that these concepts contribute to establishing a more detailed genre typology. Moreover, they allow for describing more accurately the usage pattern of specific deictic and impersonal strategies.

scholarly journals Internalised Weight Stigma as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Experiences of Weight Stigma and Biopsychosocial Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Bidstrup ◽  
Leah Brennan ◽  
Leah M Kaufmann ◽  
Xochitl de la Piedad Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To systematically review studies that have assessed the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and any biopsychosocial outcomes. Method: PsycINFO, PsycExtra, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, and Embase were systematically searched. Identified studies were double screened (HB and XPG). Results: Seventeen studies (across 16 articles) met our inclusion criteria (N = 21 172), and almost all studies measured only psychological outcomes (n = 15). Eight studies found consistent evidence for internalised weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and disordered eating outcomes. Preliminary evidence was found for the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and body shame, body dissatisfaction, exercise behaviour, healthcare experiences and behaviours, bodily pain, and parental weight talk. However, the findings were inconsistent for depression and anxiety (though only two studies reported these). Conclusion: This review provides preliminary evidence for internalised weight stigma as an intervening variable in the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and adverse health outcomes. Results suggest that there are potential benefits of interventions addressing internalised weight stigma to improve health outcomes. However, these findings must be considered in the context of the psychometric limitations of the Weight Bias Internalisation Scale (used in all but one study).

scholarly journals Economic Inequality Increases Status Anxiety Through Perceived Contextual Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Melita ◽  
Guillermo B. Willis ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Status anxiety, the constant concern about individuals’ position on the social ladder, negatively affects social cohesion, health, and wellbeing (e.g., chronic stress). Given previous findings showing that status anxiety is associated with economic inequality, we aimed in this research to test this association experimentally. A cross-sectional study (Study 1) was run in order to discard confounding effects of the relationship between perceived economic inequality (PEI) and status anxiety, and to explore the mediating role of a competitive climate (N = 297). Then we predicted that people assigned to a condition of high inequality would perceive more status anxiety in their social context, and they would themselves report higher status anxiety. Thus, in an experimental study (Study 2) PEI was manipulated (N = 200). In Study 1, PEI uniquely predicted status anxiety, and perceived competitiveness mediated the relationship. In Study 2 PEI increased perceived contextual status anxiety, a specific form of perceived competitiveness based on socioeconomic status (SES). Moreover, preliminary evidence of an indirect effect was found from PEI to personal status anxiety, through (higher) perceived contextual status anxiety. These preliminary findings provide experimental evidence for the effects of economic inequality on status anxiety and the mechanism involved. Economic inequality makes people feel that they live in a society where they are constantly concerned and competing with each other for their SES. These results could have important implications as health and wellbeing could be promoted by reducing economic inequalities and the competitive and materialistic environments of our societies.

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