Predictors of Aspiration and Silent Aspiration in Patients With New Tracheostomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stevie Marvin ◽  
Susan L. Thibeault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Silent Aspiration ◽  
Laryngeal Tumor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Swallowing Evaluation ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Tracheostomy Tubes

Purpose Hospitalized, medically complex patients with new tracheostomy are at risk for aspiration. This study reports incidence of aspiration in these patients with new tracheostomy and investigates possible risk factors for aspiration and silent aspiration in this patient population. Method Retrospective review of instrumental swallowing evaluations from hospitalized inpatients with new tracheostomy tubes to determine frequency of aspiration and silent aspiration and patient factors associated with aspiration. Patient variables including sex, age, reason for hospital admission, reason for tracheostomy, duration of intubation, time since tracheostomy placement, and tracheostomy cuff and cap status were examined as possible risk factors for aspiration and silent aspiration. Results Of the 272 patients with new tracheostomies who underwent instrumental swallowing evaluation, 59% aspirated on at least one consistency. Odds of aspiration were twice as high in patients with uncapped tracheostomy compared to closed (i.e., cap or speaking valve in place). Odds of aspiration were 3.4 times greater with patients who underwent tracheostomy for an oropharyngeal etiology (oropharyngeal or laryngeal tumor, surgery, or infection). Of the patients who aspirated, 81% aspirated silently on at least one consistency. Odds of silent aspiration was 4.5 greater with an uncapped tracheostomy. Conclusions Medically complex patients with new tracheostomy are at risk for aspiration and benefit from instrumental swallowing evaluations. Future prospective research is warranted to determine contributing factors responsible for this risk. Lastly, speech pathologists play an important role in the patient’s recovery.

scholarly journals Picture Perfect Pups: How Do Attributes of Photographs of Dogs in Online Rescue Profiles Affect Adoption Speed?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuho Nakamura ◽  
Navneet Dhand ◽  
Bethany Wilson ◽  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Paul McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Labrador Retrievers ◽  
Selection Of

To increase the public’s awareness of and exposure to animals needing homes, PetRescue, Australia’s largest online directory of animals in need of adoption, lists all currently available animals from rescue and welfare shelters nationwide. The current study examined the photographs in the PetRescue online profiles of the three most common breeds within these data, namely, Staffordshire bull terriers (n = 3988), Labrador retrievers (n = 2246), and Jack Russell terriers (n = 2088), to identify the inferred preferences of potential adopters. By investigating the attributes of these photographs, we were able to identify visual risk factors associated with protracted lengths of stay (LOS). The longest stays were associated with dogs with erect ears and those photographed in a natural environment, i.e., 18.32 days and 19.57 days, respectively. Dogs photographed in a kennel and with mouths closed had the shortest LOS, i.e., 11.54 d and 14.44 d, respectively. Heightened awareness of the roles of photographic attributes in generating interest among potential adopters may increase the speed of adoption by guiding the creation of online profiles and selection of photos to optimise the promotion of dogs at risk of long stays.

Risk factors associated with microbial colonisation and infection of tracheostomy tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 102495
Author(s):  
Dulitha Kumarasinghe ◽  
Eugene Wong ◽  
Marin Duvnjak ◽  
Niranjan Sritharan ◽  
Mark C. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tracheostomy Tubes

scholarly journals Analyzing Factors Associated with Fatal Road Crashes: A Machine Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4111
Author(s):  
Ali J. Ghandour ◽  
Huda Hammoud ◽  
Samar Al-Hajj
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ensemble Machine Learning

Road traffic injury accounts for a substantial human and economic burden globally. Understanding risk factors contributing to fatal injuries is of paramount importance. In this study, we proposed a model that adopts a hybrid ensemble machine learning classifier structured from sequential minimal optimization and decision trees to identify risk factors contributing to fatal road injuries. The model was constructed, trained, tested, and validated using the Lebanese Road Accidents Platform (LRAP) database of 8482 road crash incidents, with fatality occurrence as the outcome variable. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the influence of multiple factors on fatality occurrence. Seven out of the nine selected independent variables were significantly associated with fatality occurrence, namely, crash type, injury severity, spatial cluster-ID, and crash time (hour). Evidence gained from the model data analysis will be adopted by policymakers and key stakeholders to gain insights into major contributing factors associated with fatal road crashes and to translate knowledge into safety programs and enhanced road policies.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with development and persistence of long COVID

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Miyazato ◽  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
Shinichiro Morioka ◽  
Mari Terada ◽  
Satoshi Kutsuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Low Body Mass Index

Background Long COVID has been a social concern. Though patient characteristics associated with developing long COVID are partially known, those associated with persisting it have not been identified. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of patients after COVID-19 recovery who visited the National Center for Global Health and Medicine between February 2020 and March 2021. Demographic and clinical data, and the presence and duration of long COVID were obtained. We identified factors associated with development and persistence of long COVID using multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis, respectively. Results We analyzed 457 of 526 responses (response rate, 86.9%). The median age was 47 years, and 378 patients (84.4%) had mild disease in acute phase. The number of patients with any symptoms after 6 and 12 months after onset or diagnosis were 120 (26.3%) and 40 (8.8%), respectively. Women were at risk for development of fatigue (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31-3.14), dysosmia (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.24-2.93), dysgeusia (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.39), and hair loss (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.77-5.09), and were at risk for persistence of any symptoms (coefficient 38.0, 95% CI 13.3-62.8). Younger age and low body mass index were risk factors for developing dysosmia (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, and OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, respectively) and dysgeusia (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.00, and OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98, respectively). Conclusion We identified risk factors for the persistence as well as development of long COVID. Many patients suffer from long-term residual symptoms, even in mild cases.

Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Oreiby ◽  
Y. M. Hegazy ◽  
Y. M. Ghanem ◽  
M. H. Al-Gaabary ◽  
S. A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Antibody Titers

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) among small ruminants in Egypt, identify risk factors associated with its occurrence and to analyze the efficacy of the vaccine for control of CLA. Material and methods: A total of 1206 sheep and 351 goats were examined clinically for CLA. The prevalence and the risk factors of CLA in small ruminant flocks were estimated and identified. Efficacy of the commercial vaccine Case-Bac (Colorado Serum Company, USA) was determined in a field study trial conducted on 15 CLA-free lambs. Follow-up of vaccination immune response was carried out using indirect ELISA. Results: Prevalence of superficial CLA was 6.7%. Clinically, CLA appeared as abscesses in superficial lymph nodes mostly of the head and neck. On the basis of a multivariate analysis which accounted for clustering at herd level, sheep were at risk of getting superficial CLA 3.5 times more than goats (p < 0.0001). Animals of fixed flocks were at risk of getting the superficial CLA 2 times more than animals in fixed-mobile flocks (p < 0.038). Serological follow-up indicated protective antibody titers for 6 months. In vaccinated animals clinical cases were not observed while they occurred among non-vaccinated sheep. Discussion: Prevalence of CLA varied among studied flocks even between those of the same breeding system due to complex and overlapping factors associated with each flock like introduction or culling rate of animals, care of shepherds or owners to deal with opened abscesses in addition to the average age of the animals within each flock. Breeding systems have observable effects on occurrence of CLA: infected sheep can transmit the infection to a large number of animals in a short period under the conditions of close contact and reduced air flow in covered sheds. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Infected small ruminants in fixed flocks represent a risk factor for CLA for healthy ones. The vaccine used in the study provides an effective protection against new in fections. So mass vaccination of small ruminants against CLA in Egypt has to be considered to minimize the disease prevalence.

scholarly journals Fall Prevention: Who's at Risk?

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Poor Lighting

There are many risk factors associated with falls. Some risks are environmental, like poor lighting. Others relate to diseases people have or medications they take. It’s important to know if you are at high risk of falling. Take this quiz in this document to see if you are at risk. This document is FCS2227, one in a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Publication date: April 2005. FCS2227/FY733: Fall Prevention: Who's at Risk? (ufl.edu)

The Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents: Current and Future Directions

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy R. G. Gladstone ◽  
William R. Beardslee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
At Risk Adolescents ◽  
Initial Results

Beardslee’s (1990) innovative research on preventive intervention for youth depression will be introduced. Beardslee and colleagues have focused their work on families with parental affective disorder, with the goal of preventing the onset of disorder in nonsymptomatic early adolescents aged 8 to 15 years. In a longitudinal study of 100 families, Beardslee and colleagues have developed, implemented, and evaluated two preventive intervention protocols (clinician-facilitated and lecture) designed to promote resilient traits and to modify the risk factors associated with parental affective illness. These protocols are outlined, initial results are reported, and implications for the prevention of disorder in at-risk youth will be discussed. In addition, research directions we are currently pursuing, and future directions for research, are introduced.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Su An ◽  
Yoon Jeong Choi ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Chooryung J Chung ◽  
Kyung-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Alveolar Crest ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the incidence of and contributing factors to open gingival embrasures between the central incisors after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred posttreatment patients (29 men and 71 women; mean age, 24.7 years) were divided retrospectively into occurrence and nonoccurrence groups based on intraoral photographs. Based on the severity, the occurrence group was further divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Parameters from periapical radiographs, superimposed lateral cephalograms, and study models were compared between the occurrence and the nonoccurrence groups by using independent t-tests and were also analyzed on the basis of severity via analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the contributing factors to open gingival embrasures. Results: The incidence of open gingival embrasures between the central incisors was 22% and 36% in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. Lingual movement of the incisors, distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment, antero-posterior overlap of the two central incisors before treatment in the maxilla, and distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest after treatment in the mandible were significantly associated with the occurrence of open gingival embrasures (P &lt; .05). In the mandible, the amount of intrusion was significantly related to severity (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: The incidence of open gingival embrasures following orthodontic tooth movement is high. Therefore, attention should be paid to the contributing factors to prevent or reduce the occurrence of open gingival embrasures.

Weight, BMI and stability are risk factors associated with lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-327
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Vuurberg ◽  
Nienke Altink ◽  
Morteza Rajai ◽  
Leendert Blankevoort ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

ImportanceLateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in the general population and may lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). If patients at risk could be identified, they could receive adequate and on-time treatment.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current review was to identify all reported intrinsic factors associated with sustaining a LAS or progressing to CAI after an initial sprain.Evidence reviewPubMed, Embase, MEDline, Cochrane and PEDro were searched for studies published until July 2019. Articles were selected if they included intrinsic factors related to LAS or CAI, subjects of at least 16 years old, and contained a minimum of 10 patients and 10 controls. Studies were excluded if they concerned reviews or case reports, included patients with previous surgical interventions, concomitant injuries or joint pathology other than ankle instability. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool. In case outcomes were described by at least three studies, data were pooled and assessed by performing a meta-analysis. Based on the pooled data, either a fixed-effects model or random-effects model was selected to correct for the degree of heterogeneity.FindingsThe search resulted in a total of 4154 studies. After title and abstract screening and subsequent full-text screening, 80 relevant studies were included. Results of the meta-analyses indicated that, compared with healthy controls, patients with LAS had a higher mean body mass index (BMI). In patients with CAI, a higher weight and a longer time to stabilise after performing a task (eg, jumping) were found compared with healthy controls. Other outcomes could not be compared using a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity in outcome measurement and the great number of different outcomes reported. Identification of the risk factors when patients present themselves after a LAS may help to determine which patients are at risk of recurrent sprains or developing CAI.Conclusions and relevanceBased on the findings in this review, a higher BMI, and a higher weight and neuromuscular stability deficits may be regarded risk factors for sustaining a LAS or developing CAI, respectively.Level of evidenceIII.

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