Behavioral and Nonbehavioral Variables in the Measurement of Stutterers' Communication Attitudes

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Ulliana ◽  
Roger J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Item Responses

The influence of the behavioral variables, stuttering and speech, and the nonbehavioral variables, feelings or attitudes regarding speech, on stutterers' responses to the modified Erickson Communication Attitude Scale (known as the S24) was investigated in two studies. In the first study, 19 adult stutterers answered an amended version of the S24 Scale; it permitted subjects to nominate the basis of their response to each item on the Scale. The findings indicated that subjects regarded their responses to Scale items as largely influenced by their judgments about their stuttering and speech behavior. The second study involved within-subject experiments with three adult male stutterers. Each subject identified those situations that influenced answers on the S24 Scale. Six weekly recordings of the subjects' speech in these situations showed that stuttering frequency was consistently higher in situations associated with item responses implying negative attitudes than in situations associated with positive attitude responses. The findings challenge the claim that the S24 Scale primarily assesses feelings or attitudes regarding speech or interpersonal communication.

Predicting Ghanaian farmers’ intention to sustain the supply of quality cocoa beans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
William Quarmine
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Social Referents

This article discusses the predictors of Ghanaian cocoa producers’ intention to continue adopting a recommended cocoa beanfermentation technology in the future. The analyses is carried out within the framework of the theory of planned behaviour.Three hundred and twenty-one cocoa producers were interviewed. Consistent with literature, attitudes, subjective norms andpast behaviour were significant predictors of fermentation intentions. Positive attitude relate to beliefs about ease of use oftechnologies and existence of non-financial rewards. Negative attitudes relate to lack of direct financial rewards. PurchasingClerks, Chief Farmers and society at large were found to be the salient social referents who shape producers’ fermentationintentions. Recommendations included improving implementation of current producer incentive regimes, promoting trust betweenproducers and purchasing clerks and strengthening producer association to increase the sphere of influence of the Chief Farmers.

scholarly journals Affective and cognitive components of students’ attitudes towards communication learning - validation of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale in a cohort of polish medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Przymuszała ◽  
Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska ◽  
Patrycja Marciniak-Stępak ◽  
Łucja Zielińska-Tomczak ◽  
Martyna Piszczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) is a recognized tool for assessment of attitudes towards communication learning. In the original version, it consists of 26 items divided on theoretical assumptions into two subscales: Positive and Negative Attitudes Scales. However, the evidence for its structure seems unsatisfactory, and a simple division into positive and negative attitudes may be insufficient to describe attitudes of medical students towards communication learning. Moreover, the existing evidence of the test-retest reliability of the CSAS seems limited. Consequently, this study aimed to provide more evidence on its psychometric properties while validating the CSAS questionnaire in a cohort of Polish medical students. Methods The CSAS was translated, adapted into Polish, and validated in a cohort of 389 Polish medical students. Statistical analysis involved, among others, parallel analysis to determine the number of factors, confirmatory factor analysis to compare the proposed model with theory-based ones, and test-retest reliability analysis. Results Conducted analysis revealed that in the examined population, the CSAS should rather consist of four than two subscales. Proposed four subscales addressed perceived outcomes of communication learning, positive and negative attitudes towards it (affective components), and factors motivating students to learn communication (a cognitive component of attitudes). Results of test-retest reliability were satisfactory for individual items and subscales. Conclusions This study presented a valid and reliable version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale for Polish medical students and confirmed previous assumptions that CSAS may also be appropriate for assessment of affective and cognitive components of attitudes. Future research should, based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, make attempts to develop a tool assessing not only attitudes but also subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.

Gender and Attitudes toward Computers and Calculators: Their Relationship to Math Performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail F. Munger ◽  
Brenda H. Loyd
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Attitudes Toward Computers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Calculators ◽  
The Relationship

In education, computers and calculators historically have been associated with mathematics and the sciences, and are frequently incorporated into these areas of the curriculum. This may have serious implications for females because of the long history of reported sex differences in achievement and attitudes in mathematics and related disciplines. This study of sixty high school students examines the relationship between mathematics performance and students' attitudes toward technology (computers and calculators), and whether the relationship is similar for males and females. A practice form of the General Educational Development (GED) test was used to measure mathematics performance. Students' attitudes toward computers were assessed by the Computer Attitude Scale, and attitudes toward calculators were assessed by a 4-item measure developed by the authors. In general, students with more positive attitudes toward computers and calculators were found to perform better than students with more negative attitudes.

scholarly journals Semantic and cultural equivalence of the Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta dos Santos Tarallo ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽  
Meire Cachioni
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Intergenerational Exchanges ◽  
Intergenerational Activities ◽  
Intergenerational Cooperation

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the multidimensionality of attitudes originating from exchanges between different generations is fundamental for the establishment of intergenerational cooperation and the reduction of stereotypes and prejudices. Objective: To obtain the semantic and cultural equivalence of the Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS). Method: Two translators translated the scale from English into Portuguese. A third translator synthesized these two translations. The synthesized version was back-translated into English. From the observations of the initial and back translations, a semantic version of the scale was consolidated, which was applied to 32 professionals who developed intergenerational activities (elderly/children) and activities directed at elderly persons only. Following application, a version of the scale that was culturally adapted for the Portuguese language was obtained. Results: The scale was alterered due to cultural refinement, with differences in the following items: 4) around and near; 6) overprotective and highly protective; 8) be around and to want to get close to; 11) earn and obtain; 13) have warm relationships and to relate affectionately; 17) affection and fondness; 18) form a good team and are good companions; 20) feel sick and get irritated. The responses used are evaluative statements of positive or negative attitudes about the exchanges that take place between children and the elderly, based on a Likert scale of just five points. Conclusion: The Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS) has been adapted and validated for the Brazilian population and is known as the "Escala de Atitudes em relação a Trocas Intergeracionais" (Scale of Attitudes in Relation to Intergenerational Exchanges) (EATI). It can be a useful tool for programs featuring activities involving children and the elderly, as well as for professionals working and developing strategies in this field.

scholarly journals Attitude to Distance Learning of Schoolchildren and Students: Subjective Assessments of Advantages and Disadvantages

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Alla Belousova ◽  
Yuliya Mochalova ◽  
Yulya Tushnova
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Students Attitudes

Currently, during the pandemic, the forced transition to distance learning carries a number of problems. These problems affect various aspects of education, including the study of students’ attitudes to distance learning. The purpose of this research is to study the features of the subjective attitude of schoolchildren and students to distance learning. This research involved 140 secondary school students (average age M = 10.7, SD = 7.2 (66.3% men)) and 30 university students (average age M = 22.5, SD = 2.4 (20% men)). The methods used were a questionnaire, Chi-square test and Criterion φ*. Fisher angular transformation. The study showed that schoolchildren do not intend to continue studying in the distance form if they choose, with a generally positive attitude towards distance learning. The self-assessment of motivation to study in a distance format has not changed, both among schoolchildren and students. Students are more likely to have a positive attitude to distance learning than schoolchildren. The variety of choices of advantages and disadvantages of distance learning is greater among students than among schoolchildren. The perspective of this study is thus to study the factors that determine the positive and negative attitudes to distance learning.

scholarly journals Weibo users’ emotion and sentiment orientation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hao Gao ◽  
Difan Guo ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Lina Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Sentiment Orientation ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to explore Chinese people’s attitudes to the official application of TCM in COVID-19 treatment. Methods: We collected data referring to TCM on Weibo from 0:00 on January 24th, 2020, to 23:59:59 on March 31st, 2020 (Beijing time). Besides, this paper utilized DLUT- Emotion ontology to analyze the sentiment orientation and emotions of selected data and then conducted a text analysis. Results: According to DLUT-Emotion ontology, we examined three sentiment orientations of 215,565 valid Weibo posts. Among them,25,025 posts were judged as positive emotions, accounting for approximately 12%; 22,362 were regarded as negative emotions, accounting for about 10%; and 168,178 were judged as neutral emotions, accounting for approximately 78%. Results indicate that the words judged as ‘Good’ have the highest frequency, and words marked as ‘Happy’ have increased over time. The word frequency of ‘Fear’ and ‘Sadness’ showed a significant downward trend. Conclusion: Weibo users have a relatively positive attitude to the TCM in the COVID-19 treatment in general. Results of text analysis show that data with negative emotions is essentially an expression of public opinions to supporting TCM or not. Texts of ‘Fear’ and ‘Sadness’ do not reflect users’ negative attitudes to TCM.

scholarly journals Predicating Attitude Toward Learning Communication Skills in Medical Students of Shahid Beheshti University

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Maryam Akbarilakeh ◽  
Fahimeh Fargah ◽  
Katatyoun Razjouyan ◽  
Mitra Rahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Background: The ability of communicating with people is of great importance for physicians. Predicting unknown variables like personality traits is one of the important impressive issues in choosing future medical experts in medical training. Regarding this, medical colleges have training programs all around the world. The present study aimed to investigate the attitude toward learning communication skills based on the personality traits of medical students. Materials and Methods: This correlational study was done in 2019 and the participants were medical students who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire and communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) were used for data collection. CSAS was used to assess positive and negative attitudes. Results: The results showed that only the sociability dimension among the five dimensions of personality had a significant relationship with attitude toward learning communication skills (P=0.018). Moreover, significant relationships of gender (P=0.022), mother’s education level (P=0.049), and residence (P=0.036) with attitude to learning communication skills were found. Conclusion: According to the results, the dimension of demographic characteristics is effective in improving communication skills of medical students. Therefore, it is recommended that it should be considered in medical curriculum development and revision and modifications.

scholarly journals Wildlife stakeholders’ attitude toward surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
General Attitude ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Research Participants

Understanding aspects of the survey climate that contribute to nonresponse is an essential component of stakeholder opinion research. Participants’ general attitude towards surveys has only been recently considered as a factor contributing to nonresponse. This study presents exploratory results of data gathered using recently developed survey attitude scale among commonly sampled wildlife stakeholders: deer and elk hunters. Findings suggest the stakeholders hold a positive attitude toward surveys, i.e., they value surveys and do not consider them burdensome. Assessment of the psychometric adequacy of the survey attitude scale confirmed acceptable metrics, results which align with previous psychometric assessments. Results provide evidence that the survey attitude scale can serve as a useful and accurate tool that may contribute to our understanding of the survey climate and nonresponse therein.

scholarly journals The Use of the Interactive Whiteboard in Mathematics and Mathematics Lessons from the Perspective of Turkish Middle School Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Nezih Onal ◽  
Cennet Gologlu Demir
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Interactive Whiteboard ◽  
School Students ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Education In Turkey

It is a great paradox that despite the great importance attached to mathematics education in Turkey, high failure rates are observed among Turkish students in mathematics. For this reason, new applications are implemented in the field of mathematics education in Turkey. One of these applications is the use of technology in mathematics education. Thus, this research aimed to determine the attitudes and opinions of the middle school students towards the use of the interactive whiteboard, which is among the technologies used in mathematics and mathematics lessons. The research is based on a mixed-method research design in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The quantitative part of the study was conducted with 726 students, selected via the convenience sampling method, in 4 different central schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education (MNE) in the Karabük province during the 2015-2016 academic year, while the qualitative part was carried out with 20 participants determined on a voluntary basis. The research data were obtained from the “Attitude Scale towards Mathematics”, the “Interactive Whiteboard Attitude Scale” and the semi-structured interviews. It was found that the participants in the survey had a positive attitude towards the use of the interactive whiteboard in mathematics lessons and that they were positively affected by the interactive whiteboard in learning mathematics. In addition, it was concluded that participants' attitudes towards mathematics and the use of the interactive whiteboard was above average. It was also found that the male students’ attitudes towards the interactive whiteboard were more positive than that of the female students, and the level of positive attitude towards mathematics decreases as the class level increases accordingly. Finally, a low positive correlation was found between students' attitudes towards mathematics and the interactive whiteboard.

scholarly journals Familiarity and Interest in Working with Livestock Decreases the Odds of Having Positive Attitudes towards Non-Human Animals and Their Welfare among Veterinary Students in Italy

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Federica Pirrone ◽  
Mariangela Albertini ◽  
Angelo Gazzano ◽  
Silvana Diverio
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Potential Impact

We investigated the attitudes of veterinary students towards animals and their welfare in Italy. Regression analyses revealed predictors that are significant in differentiating students’ scoring tendency based on their gender, familiarity, and intention to work with a specific animal species, type of diet, and membership in an animal rights association. Female students, who were mostly familiar with pets and aspired to work with species other than livestock, following an animal-free diet and being a member of an animal rights association, had a significantly greater odds of having a high Animal Attitude Scale score (AAS), i.e., very positive attitude towards animals, versus a less positive attitude. Conversely, the familiarity with livestock and preference for working with livestock significantly increased the odds of a low AAS. Overall, students considered all of the Brambell Report’s Five Freedoms important for animal welfare protection. However, students scored higher for companion animals than for livestock, particularly regarding the freedom to express normal behaviour and the absence of fear and distress. This study suggests that veterinary students place less importance on the psychological aspects of welfare for livestock, and there is a tendency for students who are mostly familiar, or aspire to work, with livestock to have a less positive attitude towards non-human animals and their welfare. These findings should be considered within the veterinary educational curriculum due to their potential impact on animal welfare.

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