Release from Multiple Maskers in Elderly Persons

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Tillman ◽  
Raymond Carhart ◽  
Sheina Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Parallel Time ◽  
Dichotic Presentation

Masked thresholds for spondees were measured in 27 binaural conditions covering homophasic, antiphasic, parallel time-delayed, and opposed time-delayed listening in the presence of one to three competing maskers. One of the maskers was white noise modulated four times per second by 10 dB with 50% duty cycle; the other two were sentences spoken by different male talkers. These stimuli were variously combined to produce seven masker conditions. Subjects were 10 young adults, 23 women aged 70 to 85 years, and 22 men aged 63 to 88 years. Masking level differences (re homophasic performance) were observed in every instance of dichotic presentation. MLDs for the young adults were usually somewhat larger than those for the elderly subjects. Both groups showed (1) somewhat larger MLDs when the competing background included two talkers, (2) somewhat smaller MLDs during time-delay modes, and (3) smaller MLDs in opposed time-delay than in parallel time-delay. This last feature was particularly noteworthy for the elderly listeners, whose MLDs during opposed time delay averaged only 2.3 dB.

scholarly journals Calcium excretion, apparent calcium absorption and calcium balance in young and elderly subjects: influence of protein intake

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne L. E. Pannemans ◽  
Gertjan Schaafsma ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Young And Elderly Subjects

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein on urinary Ca excretion, apparent Ca absorption and Ca balance in young and elderly subjects. Young adults (n 29) and elderly persons (n 26) consumed diets containing 12% (diet A) and 21% (diet B) of total energy as protein for 3 weeks according to a randomized crossover design. Results showed no differences between the two age groups with respect to the interaction between protein intake and Ca excretion (both in urine and in faeces), apparent Ca absorption and Ca balance. Therefore analyses were done for both age groups separately and also for the whole group. In elderly persons and in the whole group the Ca excretion in faeces (as a percentage of Ca intake) was lower during the higher protein intake (elderly: diet A, 106 (SEM 7)% diet B, 86 (SEM 7) % P = 0·018; whole group: diet A, 99 (SEM 4) % diet B, 84 (SEM 4) % P = 0·003). In young adults faecal Ca excretion tended to be lower when they consumed diet B (diet A: 94 (SEM 5)% diet B: 83 (SEM 6)% P = 0·093). Relative urinary Ca excretion was greater during the higher protein intake in young adults and in the whole group while relative urinary Ca excretion was not different in the elderly (diet A: 15 (SEM 1) %, 14 (SEM 1) %, 15 (SEM 1) % diet B: 16 (SEM 1) %, 16 (SEM 1) % 17 (SEM 2) % for the whole group, the young and elderly subjects respectively, P = 0·019; P = 0·016; P = 0·243).The resulting Ca balance was not influenced by the amount of protein in the diet in young adults. Values for the elderly and for the whole group showed that the Ca balance during diet A was significantly more negative compared with Ca balance during diet B, despite the higher urinary Ca excretion during diet B. It can be concluded that increasing the protein intake from 12 to 21% of total energy ntake had no negative effect on Ca balance.

Walking with Visual Restrictions in Healthy Elderly and Young Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Yves Lajoie ◽  
Michel Guay
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Healthy Elderly

ABSTRACTVisual requirements for a simple walking task were evaluated for young and elderly persons to determine if, with normal aging, elderly subjects require more visual information. Ten young adults and 10 elderly people were asked to complete a simple walking task within predetermined pathway boundaries under two conditions of visual restriction. In the reactive condition, subjects automatically received a 200 ms flash of visual information at the halfway point of the walkway. For the predictive condition, subjects did not receive any visual information during the walking trial, but were equipped with an emergency button that would provide 200 ms of visual information whenever they needed it. For both experimental conditions, subjects received additional flashes of visual information if they stepped out of the walkway boundaries. Results showed that older persons stepped out of bounds more often in the reactive condition and gave themselves more visual cues than the younger subjects in the predictive condition. The relative importance of vision during locomotion seems to be higher in the elderly population when compared to young adults.

Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in elderly and young subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. E983-E989 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sial ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
R. Carroll ◽  
J. Goodwin ◽  
S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

We evaluated the effect of aging on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during moderate intensity exercise. Glycerol, free fatty acid (FFA), and glucose rate of appearance (Ra) in plasma and substrate oxidation were determined during 60 min of cycle ergometer exercise in six elderly (73 +/- 2 yr) and six young adults (26 +/- 2 yr) matched by gender and lean body mass. The elderly group was studied during exercise performed at 56 +/- 3% of maximum oxygen uptake, whereas the young adults were studied during exercise performed at the same absolute and at a similar relative intensity as the elderly subjects. Mean fat oxidation during exercise was 25-35% lower in the elderly subjects than in the young adults exercising at either the same absolute or similar relative intensities (P < 0.05). Mean carbohydrate oxidation in the elderly group was 35% higher than the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.001) but 40% lower than the young adults exercising at the same relative intensity (P < 0.001). Average FFA Ra in the elderly subjects was 85% higher than in the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.05) but 35% lower than the young adults exercising at a similar relative intensity (P < 0.05). We conclude that fat oxidation is decreased while carbohydrate oxidation is increased during moderate intensity exercise in elderly men and women. The shift in substrate oxidation was caused by age-related changes in skeletal muscle respiratory capacity because lipolytic rates and FFA availability were not rate limiting in the older subjects.

Speech-Motor Equivalence in Aging Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Richard A. Mc Guire ◽  
Laurel Bushong ◽  
Michele Loposky
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Motor Equivalence ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Masseter Muscles ◽  
Speech Motor

The peak amplitude of EMG activity was measured from the orbicularis oris superior (OOS), orbicularis oris inferior (OOI), and masseter muscles for three normal, geriatric women (range 70 to 75 yr.) and compared with prior data for a group of normal, 4- and 8-yr.-old children and young adults (range 21 to 29 yr.) The elderly groups' variability across the three muscles paralleled that of the 4-yr.-olds, suggesting that speech-motor equivalence returns to an earlier level of operation in aging speakers. Also, the elderly subjects evidenced reduced levels of average peak EMG activity as compared to those of the other groups. This finding was interpreted as reflecting a loss of general muscle function, a possible concomitant of facial muscle atrophy that accompanies advanced age.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Elderly Persons After Ergometric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142097980
Author(s):  
Kenichi Kaneko ◽  
Hitoshi Makabe ◽  
Kazuyuki Mito ◽  
Kazuyoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshiya Kawanori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Young Subjects

This study examined the characteristics of lower limb muscle activity in elderly persons after ergometric pedaling exercise for 1 month. To determine the effect of the exercise, surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower limb muscles was subjected to Daubechies-4 wavelet transformation, and mean wavelet coefficients were compared with the pre-exercise coefficients and the post-exercise coefficients in each wavelet level. The characteristics of muscle activity after pedaling exercise were also compared between the elderly subjects and young subjects. For the elderly subjects, the mean wavelet coefficients were significantly decreased in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius medialis at wavelet levels of 3, 4, and 5 (125–62.5, 62.5–31.25, and 31.25–15.625 Hz, respectively), by pedaling exercise. However, the mean power of wavelet levels of 2 and 3 (250–125 and 125–62.5 Hz) within the rectus femoris and the biceps femoris were significantly increased in the young subjects. The effect of pedaling exercise is different from the effects of heavy-resistance training. It was suggested that the muscle coordination, motor unit (MU) firing frequency, and firing fiber type of lower limb muscles are changed with the different characteristics between elderly and young persons by pedaling exercise for 1 month.

Clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine in adults with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive airways disease, elderly adults and healthy volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dorrell ◽  
I Hassan ◽  
P Chakraverty ◽  
E Ong
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Elderly Adults

Summary: To investigate the clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine (split-virion A/Singapore/6/86-like strains H1N1 (15 ug HA), A/Beijing/353/89-like H3N2 (15 ug HA) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like strain (15 ug HA): MFV-JECT, Merieux, UK) in persons with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive lung diseases, elderly adults and healthy volunteers. Forty-nine HIV-infected persons received 2 doses of the vaccine at one-month intervals; 34 healthy volunteers, 30 elderly persons, 29 with insulin and non-insulin diabetes and 14 with obstructive airways diseases were vaccinated with one single dose between October 1992 to January 1993. Serological testing of antibody responses was done using haemagglutination assay. beta2-microglobulin in HIVinfected persons was measured using radioimmunodiffusion between 1st and 2nd dose. Fructosamine levels in diabetic persons were assessed for diabetic control and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was self monitored in persons with lung diseases. All groups apart from the elderly filled in a symptom score chart for the first 5 days following vaccination. A 4-fold rise in titre equal to or more than 1:64 to all the 3 antigens occurred in 20 (58.8%) of healthy volunteers compared with 13 (44.8%) diabetics, 5 (35.7%) with lung diseases, 10 (33.3%) elderly and 13 (26.5%) with HIV infection. A significant correlation of serological response to number of CD4 count in persons with HIV infection was noted (H1N1 P =0.0013, H3N2 P =0.025, BYAM P =0.0018). Mean beta2- microglobulin levels did not change significantly post 1st and 2nd vaccination. Mean fructosamine level did not change significantly. There was no significant change in PEFR. The vaccine was well tolerated. Persons with HIV infection and low CD4 count do not serologically respond well to influenza vaccine even with 2 doses compared to the other 4 groups. The other 4 groups had adequate protective serologic responses. The vaccine was well tolerated in all groups.

scholarly journals Development of enteral homemade diets for elderly persons receiving home care and analysis of macro and micronutrient composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
Ann Kristine Jansen ◽  
Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso ◽  
Eduarda Guimarães Guedes ◽  
Ana Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Lígia Amanda Ventura de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Home Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Enteral Diet ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution ◽  
Viscosity Stability

Abstract Objective: the development and analysis of the macro and micronutrient composition of homemade enteral diets. Method: A standard homemade enteral diet was developed at three caloric concentrations - 1500, 1800 and 2100 Kcal. After preparation and testing of viscosity, stability, odor and color, plus evaluation of cost, the chemical composition of the nutrients of the diets were analytically determined. Folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin B12 values were calculated using chemical composition tables. The results were compared with recommended nutritional standards for the elderly. Result: The diets exhibited normal macronutrient distribution. The 1500 caloric level presented some mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Suitable values were obtained at the other caloric levels for all minerals except magnesium. There were appropriate levels of all the vitamins in the 2100 Kcal diet, while vitamin E, D and B6 levels were below the recommended dietary allowances in the 1800 Kcal diet. Conclusion: The standard homemade enteral diets studied can contribute to the food and nutritional safety of elderly persons undergoing home care, if all are supplemented with magnesium and the 1800 Kcal diet is supplemented with vitamin E, D and B6. The 1500 Kcal diet was not nutritionally safe in terms of micronutrients.

scholarly journals VH3 Antibody Response to Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Serpa ◽  
Josemon Valayam ◽  
Daniel M. Musher ◽  
Roger D. Rossen ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Idiotypic Antibody

ABSTRACTPneumococcal disease continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Older adults may have high levels of anticapsular antibody after vaccination, but their antibodies show decreased functional activity. In addition, the protective effect of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) seems to cease as early as 3 to 5 years postvaccination. Recently, it was suggested that PPV elicits human antibodies that use predominantly VH3 gene segments and induce a repertoire shift with increased VH3 expression in peripheral B cells. Here we compared VH3-idiotypic antibody responses in middle-aged and elderly subjects receiving PPV as initial immunization or revaccination. We studied pre- and postvaccination sera from 36 (18 vaccine-naïve and 18 previously immunized subjects) middle-aged and 40 (22 vaccine-naïve and 18 previously immunized subjects) elderly adults who received 23-valent PPV. Concentrations of IgGs to four individual serotypes (6B, 14, 19F, and 23F) and of VH3-idiotypic antibodies (detected by the monoclonal antibody D12) to the whole pneumococcal vaccine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PPV elicited significant IgG and VH3-idiotypic antibody responses in middle-aged and elderly subjects, regardless of whether they were vaccine naïve or undergoing revaccination. Age did not influence the magnitude of the antibody responses, as evidenced by similar postvaccination IgG and VH3 antibody levels in both groups, even after stratifying by prior vaccine status. Furthermore, we found similar proportions (around 50%) of elderly and middle-aged subjects experiencing 2-fold increases in VH3 antibody titers after vaccination. Age or repeated immunization does not appear to affect the VH3-idiotypic immunogenicity of PPV among middle-aged and elderly adults.

scholarly journals Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6113-6122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Woodmansey ◽  
Marion E. T. McMurdo ◽  
George T. Macfarlane ◽  
Sandra Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Clostridial Species

ABSTRACT The colonic microbiota mediates many cellular and molecular events in the host that are important to health. These processes can be affected in the elderly, because in some individuals, the composition and metabolic activities of the microbiota change with age. Detailed characterizations of the major groups of fecal bacteria in healthy young adults, in healthy elderly people, and in hospitalized elderly patients receiving antibiotics were made in this study, together with measurements of their metabolic activities, by analysis of fecal organic acid and ammonia concentrations. The results showed that total anaerobe numbers remained relatively constant in old people; however, individual bacterial genera changed markedly with age. Reductions in numbers of bacteroides and bifidobacteria in both elderly groups were accompanied by reduced species diversity. Bifidobacterial populations in particular showed marked variations in the dominant species, with Bifidobacterium angulatum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis being frequently isolated from the elderly and Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium boum, and Bifidobacterium infantis being detected only from the healthy young volunteers. Reductions in amylolytic activities of bacterial isolates in healthy elderly subjects and reduced short-chain fatty acid concentrations supported these findings, since bifidobacteria and bacteroides are important saccharolytic groups in the colon. Conversely, higher numbers of proteolytic bacteria were observed with feces samples from the antibiotic-treated elderly group, which were also associated with increased proteolytic species diversity (fusobacteria, clostridia, and propionibacteria). Other differences in the intestinal ecosystem in elderly subjects were observed, with alterations in the dominant clostridial species in combination with greater numbers of facultative anaerobes.

Vertical Jumping Reorganization with Aging: A Kinematic Comparison between Young and Elderly Men

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Haguenauer ◽  
Pierre Legreneur ◽  
Karine M. Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Explosive Force

To our knowledge jumping kinematics have never been studied in elderly persons. This study was aimed at examining the influence of aging on vertical jump performance and on interjoint coordination. Two groups of adults, 11 young men ages 18–25 years and 11 older men ages 79–100 years, were filmed while performing a maximal squat jump. Compared to young adults, jump height was significantly decreased by 28 cm in the elderly. Older adults spontaneously jumped from a more extended position of the hip. Results showed a decrease in hip, knee, and ankle linear velocity and angular amplitude with aging. The decrease in jump height was attributed to a decrease in explosive force and in the range of shortening of extensor muscles. In agreement with the literature, a proximo-distal coordination pattern was observed in young adults. Older adults used a simultaneous pattern. This may indicate that adults adjust their pattern of joint coordination as they age.

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