scholarly journals Development of enteral homemade diets for elderly persons receiving home care and analysis of macro and micronutrient composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
Ann Kristine Jansen ◽  
Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso ◽  
Eduarda Guimarães Guedes ◽  
Ana Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Lígia Amanda Ventura de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Home Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Enteral Diet ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution ◽  
Viscosity Stability

Abstract Objective: the development and analysis of the macro and micronutrient composition of homemade enteral diets. Method: A standard homemade enteral diet was developed at three caloric concentrations - 1500, 1800 and 2100 Kcal. After preparation and testing of viscosity, stability, odor and color, plus evaluation of cost, the chemical composition of the nutrients of the diets were analytically determined. Folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin B12 values were calculated using chemical composition tables. The results were compared with recommended nutritional standards for the elderly. Result: The diets exhibited normal macronutrient distribution. The 1500 caloric level presented some mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Suitable values were obtained at the other caloric levels for all minerals except magnesium. There were appropriate levels of all the vitamins in the 2100 Kcal diet, while vitamin E, D and B6 levels were below the recommended dietary allowances in the 1800 Kcal diet. Conclusion: The standard homemade enteral diets studied can contribute to the food and nutritional safety of elderly persons undergoing home care, if all are supplemented with magnesium and the 1800 Kcal diet is supplemented with vitamin E, D and B6. The 1500 Kcal diet was not nutritionally safe in terms of micronutrients.

Clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine in adults with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive airways disease, elderly adults and healthy volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dorrell ◽  
I Hassan ◽  
P Chakraverty ◽  
E Ong
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Elderly Adults

Summary: To investigate the clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine (split-virion A/Singapore/6/86-like strains H1N1 (15 ug HA), A/Beijing/353/89-like H3N2 (15 ug HA) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like strain (15 ug HA): MFV-JECT, Merieux, UK) in persons with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive lung diseases, elderly adults and healthy volunteers. Forty-nine HIV-infected persons received 2 doses of the vaccine at one-month intervals; 34 healthy volunteers, 30 elderly persons, 29 with insulin and non-insulin diabetes and 14 with obstructive airways diseases were vaccinated with one single dose between October 1992 to January 1993. Serological testing of antibody responses was done using haemagglutination assay. beta2-microglobulin in HIVinfected persons was measured using radioimmunodiffusion between 1st and 2nd dose. Fructosamine levels in diabetic persons were assessed for diabetic control and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was self monitored in persons with lung diseases. All groups apart from the elderly filled in a symptom score chart for the first 5 days following vaccination. A 4-fold rise in titre equal to or more than 1:64 to all the 3 antigens occurred in 20 (58.8%) of healthy volunteers compared with 13 (44.8%) diabetics, 5 (35.7%) with lung diseases, 10 (33.3%) elderly and 13 (26.5%) with HIV infection. A significant correlation of serological response to number of CD4 count in persons with HIV infection was noted (H1N1 P =0.0013, H3N2 P =0.025, BYAM P =0.0018). Mean beta2- microglobulin levels did not change significantly post 1st and 2nd vaccination. Mean fructosamine level did not change significantly. There was no significant change in PEFR. The vaccine was well tolerated. Persons with HIV infection and low CD4 count do not serologically respond well to influenza vaccine even with 2 doses compared to the other 4 groups. The other 4 groups had adequate protective serologic responses. The vaccine was well tolerated in all groups.

scholarly journals Long-term care of the elderly: Current status, policies and dilemmas

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Matkovic
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
The Government

In Serbia, the long-term care as a system does not actually exist. One part of the system is regulated through cash benefits, one part through institutional social care and community-based social services, and one part is just being established under the health care system. The linkages among these segments are not strong and there is insufficient awareness of the need to regard the different parts of the system as being interdependent and interconnected. According to the different surveys, home care is needed for the daily functioning of more than 80,000 elderly people, especially for around 27,000 of those who are completely immobile. More than 300 thousand elderly persons have indicated that they are in need of some type of self-care support. By tradition, elderly people in Serbia rely primarily on family support. Some are getting the state support as well. Research shows that 62 thousand elderly persons (5 percent) receive attendance allowance; 9,000 elderly are accommodated in institutions (0.7 percent), while 11.7 thousand (1 percent) persons received some type of support through home care community based services. In addition, in Belgrade there are also 2,000 elderly who are beneficiaries of medical and palliative care at home. The government expenditures for these purposes can be very roughly estimated at 0.55 percent of GDP, largely for cash benefits (0.37 percent). Considered over a medium and longer term, the government expenditures on longterm care in Serbia will inevitably increase significantly, primarily due to an increase in the number and share of elderly people and the increase in additional life years spent in ill health or in need of assistance. An increase in the expenditures will also be influenced by a change in the family models and the increasing number of elderly that will be living alone, as well as the diminishing possibilities for reliance on the closest family members, especially due to emigration flows both at local and national levels. Finally, it is important not to neglect the effect of emulating more developed countries, as well as the EU?s pressure to adequately respond to the needs of the elderly. Therefore, the state and society must promptly prepare a systematic, comprehensive, timely and fiscally responsible response. This response must recognize the capacities of all stakeholders, from family to state and non-state and match the capacities with the appropriate roles in the system of long-term care provision.

scholarly journals Relative effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly persons in the United States, 2012/2013-2017/2018 seasons

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Amaral de Avila Machado ◽  
Cristiano S. Moura ◽  
Michal Abrahamowicz ◽  
Brian J. Ward ◽  
Louise Pilote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Dose ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Real World Setting

AbstractInfluenza immunization protects seniors against influenza and its potentially serious complications. It is uncertain whether standard-dose (SD) quadrivalent vaccine offers better protection over other formulations in the elderly. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of SD-trivalent, high-dose (HD) trivalent, SD-quadrivalent, and adjuvanted trivalent vaccines in seniors (≥65 years) in a real-world setting. We selected over 200,000 individuals in each of 6 influenza seasons from 2012 to 2018 using MarketScan® databases. The two outcomes were hospitalization or emergency room (ER) visit due to (1) influenza or (2) pneumonia. Here, SD-quadrivalent was associated with higher risk of influenza-related hospitalization/ER visit (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.14 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05–1.24) and of pneumonia-related hospitalization/ER visit (aHR 1.04 and 95% CI 1.01–1.07) vs. HD-trivalent. SD-trivalent followed similar trends compared to HD-trivalent (aHR 1.16 and 95% CI 1.06–1.27 for hospitalized/ER visit influenza; aHR 1.07 and 95% CI 1.05–1.10 for hospitalized/ER visit pneumonia). We could not demonstrate risk differences between SD vaccine formulations and between adjuvanted trivalent and one of the other three vaccines. Risk estimates slightly varied across seasons. These findings suggest that SD vaccine formulations vs. HD-trivalent were associated with higher risk of hospitalization/ER visit for influenza and pneumonia in seniors.

scholarly journals Weight loss diets advertised in non-scientific publications

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Maria Silverio Amancio ◽  
Daniela Maria Alves Chaud
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution

Weight-loss diets advertised in mainstream non-scientific publications and targeting the adult female public were evaluated in relation to total energy value, macronutrients, calcium, iron, vitamins A and E, and cholesterol content, as well as the presence of information regarding the duration of diets, fluid intake, physical activity, and maintenance diets. Two publications were selected, considering periodicity, circulation, readership, and years in publication. The Virtual Nutri software was used to evaluate the nutrients of 112 diets. Micronutrient content was compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes. All diets were inadequate in at least one of the evaluated items. Less than 25.0% of the diets presented adequate macronutrient distribution. Calcium, iron, and vitamin E were also predominantly inadequate (85.7, 97.3, and 91.9%, respectively). Non-scientific publications should not be allowed to advertise weight-loss diets. In addition, their chemical composition is inadequate and they are not accompanied by important instructions for such therapy.

Release from Multiple Maskers in Elderly Persons

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Tillman ◽  
Raymond Carhart ◽  
Sheina Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Parallel Time ◽  
Dichotic Presentation

Masked thresholds for spondees were measured in 27 binaural conditions covering homophasic, antiphasic, parallel time-delayed, and opposed time-delayed listening in the presence of one to three competing maskers. One of the maskers was white noise modulated four times per second by 10 dB with 50% duty cycle; the other two were sentences spoken by different male talkers. These stimuli were variously combined to produce seven masker conditions. Subjects were 10 young adults, 23 women aged 70 to 85 years, and 22 men aged 63 to 88 years. Masking level differences (re homophasic performance) were observed in every instance of dichotic presentation. MLDs for the young adults were usually somewhat larger than those for the elderly subjects. Both groups showed (1) somewhat larger MLDs when the competing background included two talkers, (2) somewhat smaller MLDs during time-delay modes, and (3) smaller MLDs in opposed time-delay than in parallel time-delay. This last feature was particularly noteworthy for the elderly listeners, whose MLDs during opposed time delay averaged only 2.3 dB.

India

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Santosh K Chaturvedi ◽  
Sundarnag Ganjekar
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
General Physicians

A number of traditional and socio-cultural factors are involved in the care of the elderly in general, as well as those with dementia, in India. Dementia care has attracted attention recently and is making rapid progress. There is no clarity on whether dementia care should be provided by psychiatrists, neurologists, or general physicians. Nursing care and home care are far from being well developed. Special clinics are few, and specialized centres for dementia care even fewer. Community care is still a distant dream. Family and social support, on the other hand, stands as a natural resource. Society and policymakers are now providing due attention to improving the care of the elderly with dementia, as well as their caregivers.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TYPE, FAMILY SUPPORT AND DEPRESSION IN INDONESIAN ELDERLY IN THE HOME CARE CENTER OF TRESNA WERDHA MINAULA, KENDARI, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Taamu Taamu ◽  
Nurjannah Nurjannah ◽  
Abd Syukur Bau ◽  
La Banudi
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Depression in elderly is widespread, often undiagnosed, and usually untreated.Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality, family support, and depression in elderly in the Home Care Center of Tresna Wedha Minaula Kendari.Methods: This was a correlational cross-sectional study conducted in 2015. The population in this study is all elderly people in the Home Care Center of Tresna Wedha Minaula Kendari as many as 90 persons. Of the total population, 41 samples were selected using purposive sampling. Data data were analyzed using frequency distribution and chi square test. Results: There were significant associations between personality type (p = 0.019), family support (p = 0.047), and depression in elderly persons. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between personality type, family support, and depression in the elderly in the Home Care Center of Tresna Wedha Minaula Kendari. It is important to understand how the roles of personalities and family support from each family member contributes to depression.

Validity of the Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR)

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Pezzuti ◽  
Caterina Laicardi ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
State Examination

Summary: An Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR), updating the GERRI ( Schwartz, 1983 ), was administered to relatives (or significant others) of 349 elderly persons, from 60 to over 80 years of age, living at home, in good health and without cognitive impairment. A trained psychologist administered subjects the Life Satisfaction for Elderly Scale (LSES), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and personally answered to an overall elderly behavior rating scale (RA). EBAR items were first examined. The more attractive and less discriminative statements were excluded. A principal components analysis was carried out on the remaining EBAR items. Three factors were extracted. After varimax rotation they were tentatively labeled: Everyday Cognitive Functioning, Depression, and Hostility. Factor-driven EBAR subscales were designed, taking into account simpler items in the factor matrix. Results provide evidence for EBAR construct validity. Everyday Cognitive Functioning is connected to the IADL and the RA scores; Depression is very highly related to the LSES; Hostility is weakly related to RA, IADL, and MMSE, indicating that the scale needs further investigation.

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